Os Lab Manual

Jawaharlal Institute of Technology,
Borawan(M.P.)
Lab Manual
Subject:-Operating System
Subject Code:- CS_405

Operating System Lab
Index
S No. Date Name Sign of Remark
Teacher
1 Introduction of operating system and its typs
2 Process System Calls
3 IO System Calls
4 First Come First Serve Scheduling
5 Shortest job first Scheduling
6 Priority Scheduling
7 Round Robin Scheduling
8 Producer-consumer problem Using

semaphores
9 First Fit For Memory Management
10 Simulate Page Replacement Algorithms FIFO
JIT (Computer Science & Engineer) Page 2

Experiment No. 1
Operating System
Introduction
A computer system can be divided into 4 components:
- Hardware (CPU, memory, input/output devices, etc.),

- Operating system,
- System programs (word processors, spread sheets, accounting software’s, compilers,)
- Application programs.
In 1960’s definition of an operating system is “software that controls the hardware”.

However, today, due to microcode we need a better definition. We see an operating system as
the programs that make the hardware useable. In brief, an operating system is the set of
programs that controls a computer.
An Operating system is software that creates a relation between the User, Software and
Hardware. It is an interface between the all. All the computers need basic software known as an
Operating System (OS) to function.
The OS acts as an interface between the User, Application Programs, Hardware and the
System Peripherals. The OS is the first software to be loaded when a computers starts up. The
entire application programs are loaded after the OS.
Types of Operating System (Based of No. of user):
1. Single User: If the single user Operating System is loaded in computer’s memory; the
computer would be able to handle one user at a time.
Ex: MS-Dos, MS-Win 95-98, Win-ME
1. Multi user: If the multi-user Operating System is loaded in computer’s memory; the

computer would be able to handle more than one user at a time.
Ex: UNIX, Linux, XENIX
2. Network: If the network Operating System is loaded in computer’s memory; the

computer would be able to handle more than one computer at time.
Ex: Novel Netware, Win-NT, Win-2000-2003
Command Prompt Interface:
Operating System provi des a text based interface called command p rompt. From the
command prompt commands c an be issued to perform file and disk manag ement and to run
program. Results of these comm ands are presented to the user as text message.
C:\>-
The command prompt can be an alphabet followed by one colon (:), one back slash (\), one greater
than sign (>) and one bli nking element called cursor (_).
Where C: represents the Drive letter (Current Drive)
\represents the current folder / Directory
>represents the end of the Prompt and
_ blinking element (represents the Cursor)

Operating Systems Types
Single- And Multi-Tasking Operating Systems

A single-tasking system can only run one program at a time, while a multi-tasking
operating system allows more than one program to be running in concurrency. This is achieved
by time-sharing, dividing the available processor time between multiple processes that are each
interrupted repeatedly in time slices by a task-scheduling subsystem of the operating system.
Multi-tasking may be characterized in preemptive and co-operative types. In preemptive

multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates a slot to each of the
programs. Unix-like operating systems, e.g., Solaris, Linux, as well as AmigaOS support
preemptive multitasking.
Single- And Multi-User Operating Systems

Single-user operating systems have no facilities to distinguish users, but may allow
multiple programs to run in tandem. A multi-user operating system extends the basic concept of
multi-tasking with facilities that identify processes and resources, such as disk space, belonging
to multiple users, and the system permits multiple users to interact with the system at the same
time. Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may
also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing,
and other resources to multiple users.
Distributed Operating Systems

A distributed operating system manages a group of distinct computers and makes them
appear to be a single computer. The development of networked computers that could be linked
and communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing. Distributed computations
are carried out on more than one machine. When computers in a group work in cooperation,
they form a distributed system.
Embedded Operating Systems

Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded computer systems.
They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able
to operate with a limited number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient
by design. Windows CE and “Minix 3”are some examples of embedded operating systems.

Real-Time Operating Systems

A real-time operating system is an operating system that guarantees to process events or data
by a specific moment in time. A real-time operating system may be single- or multi-tasking, but
when multitasking, it uses specialized scheduling algorithms so that a deterministic nature of
behavior is achieved. An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their priorities or
external events while time-sharing operating systems switch tasks based on clock interrupts
Process Scheduling
Processes are the Small Programs those are executed by the user according to
their Request. CPU Executes all the Process according to Some Rules or Some
Schedule. Scheduling ist hat in which each process have Some Amount of Time of
CPU. Scheduling Provides Time of CPU to the Each Process.
Types of Process Scheduling
1. FCFS Scheduling Algorithm

The First Come First Served (FCFS) Scheduling Algorithm is the simplest one. In this
algorithm the set of ready processes is managed as FIFO (first-in-first-out) Queue. The
processes are serviced by the CPU until completion in order of their entering in the FIFO queue.
A process once allocated the CPU keeps it until releasing the CPU either by terminating
or requesting I/O. For example, interrupted process is allowed to continujre running after
interrupt handling is done with.
2. SJF Scheduling Algorithm

The Shortest Job First Scheduling Algorithm chooses the process that has the smallest
next CPU burst.
3. SRTF: Shortest Remaining Time First

This is the preemptive version of SJF. The currently executing process will be
preempted from the CPU if a process with a shorter CPU burst time is arrived.
4. Round Robin Scheduling

This scheduling algorithm is designed especially for time sharing systems. It is similar to
FCFS scheduling, but preemption is added to switch between processes.

Experiment No. 2
PROCESS SYSTEM CALLS
AIM:
To write c program to implement the Process system calls.
ALGORITHM:
1. Start the program.
2. Declare the pid and get the pid by using the getpid() method.
3. Create a child process by calling the fork() system call
4. Check if(pid==0) then print the child process id and then print the parent process
value. Otherwise print
5. Stop the program

PROGRAM: (PROCESS SYSTEM CALLS)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
void main(int argc,char *arg[])
int pid; pid=fork();
if(pid<0)
printf("fork failed");
exit(1);
else if(pid==0)
execlp("whoami","ls",NULL);
exit(0);
else
printf("\n Process id is -%d\n",getpid());
wait(NULL);
exit(0);

OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Thus the process system call program was executed and verified successfully

Experiment No. 3
IO SYSTEM CALLS
AIM:
To write a ‘c’ program for I/O system calls.
ALGORITHM:
2. open a file for O_RDWR for R/W,O_CREATE for creating a file , O_TRUNC
for truncate a file
3. Using getchar(), read the character and stored in the string[] array
4. The string [] array is write into a file close it.
5. Then the first is opened for read only mode and read the characters and displayed It
and close the file
6. Stop the program
PROGRAM :( IO SYSTEM CALLS)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
main( )
int fd[2];
char buf1[25]= "just a test\n";

char buf2[50];
fd[0]=open("file1",O_RDWR);
fd[1]=open("file2",O_RDWR);
write(fd[0], buf1, strlen(buf1));

printf("\n Enter the text now….");
scanf("\n %s",buf1);
printf("\n Cat file1 is \n hai");
write(fd[0], buf1, strlen(buf1));
lseek(fd[0], SEEK_SET, 0);
read(fd[0], buf2, sizeof(buf1));
write(fd[1], buf2, sizeof(buf2));
close(fd[0]);
close(fd[1]);
printf("\n");
return 0;
OUTPUT:

RESULT:
Thus the I/O system call program was executed and verified successfully.
Experiment No. 4
FIRST COME FIRST SERVE SCHEDULING
AIM:
To write the program to implement CPU & scheduling algorithm for first come first
serve scheduling.
ALGORITHM:
2. Get the number of processes and their burst time.
3. Initialize the waiting time for process 1 and 0.
4. Process for(i=2;i<=n;i++),wt.p[i]=p[i-1]+bt.p[i-1].
5. The waiting time of all the processes is summed then average value time is calculated.
6. The waiting time of each process and average times are displayed
7. Stop the program
PROGRAM :( FIRST COME FIRST SERVE SCHEDULING)

#include<stdio.h>
struct process
int pid;
int bt;
int wt,tt;
}p[10];
int main()
int i,n,totwt,tottt,avg1,avg2; clrscr();
printf("enter the no of process \n");

scanf("%d",&n); for(i=1;i<=n;i++)

p[i].pid=i;
printf("enter the burst time n"); scanf("%d",&p[i].bt);
p[1].wt=0;
p[1].tt=p[1].bt+p[1].wt;
i=2;
while(i<=n)
p[i].wt=p[i-1].bt+p[i-1].wt; p[i].tt=p[i].bt+p[i].wt;
i ++;
i=1;
totwt=tottt=0;
printf("\n processid \t bt\t wt\t tt\n"); while(i<=n){

printf("\n\t%d \t%d \t%d \t
%d",p[i].pid,p[i].bt,p[i].wt,p[i].tt); totwt=p[i].wt+totwt;
tottt=p[i].tt+tottt;
i++;}
avg1=totwt/n; avg2=tottt/n; printf("\navg1=%d \t avg2=

%d \t",avg1,avg2); getch();
return 0;
OUTPUT:
enter the no of process 3
enter the burst time 2

Process sid bt wt tt
1 2 0 2
2 4 2 6
3 6 6 12
avg1=2 avg2=6
RESULT:
Thus the FIFO process scheduling program was executed and verified successfully
Experiment No. 5

SHORTEST JOB FIRST SCHEDULING
AIM:
To write a program to implement cpu scheduling algorithm for shortest job
first scheduling.
ALGORITHM:
1. Start the program. Get the number of processes and their burst time.
2. Initialize the waiting time for process 1 as 0.
3. The processes are stored according to their burst time.
4. The waiting time for the processes are calculated a

follows: for(i=2;i<=n;i++).wt.p[i]=p[i=1]+bt.p[i-1].
5. The waiting time of all the processes summed and then the average time is calculate
6. The waiting time of each processes and average time are displayed.
7. Stop the program.
PROGRAM: (SHORTEST JOB FIRST SCHEDULING)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct process
int pid;
int bt;
int wt;
int tt;
}p[10],temp;
int main()
int i,j,n,totwt,tottt;

float avg1,avg2;
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the number of process:\t");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
p[i].pid=i;
printf("\nEnter the burst time:\t");
scanf("%d",&p[i].bt);
for(i=1;i<n;i++){
for(j=i+1;j<=n;j++)
if(p[i].bt>p[j].bt)
temp.pid=p[i].pid;
p[i].pid=p[j].pid;
p[j].pid=temp.pid;
temp.bt=p[i].bt;p[i].bt=p[j].bt;
p[j].bt=temp.bt;
}}}
p[1].wt=0;
p[1].tt=p[1].bt+p[1].wt;
i=2;
while(i<=n){
p[i].wt=p[i-1].bt+p[i-1].wt;
p[i].tt=p[i].bt+p[i].wt;
i++;

i=1;
totwt=tottt=0;
printf("\nProcess id \tbt \twt \ttt");
while(i<=n){
printf("\n\t%d \t%d \t%d t%d\n",p[i].pid,p[i].bt,p[i].wt,p[i].tt);
totwt=p[i].wt+totwt;
i++;
} avg1=totwt/n;
avg2=tottt/n;
printf("\nAVG1=%f\t AVG2=
%f",avg1,avg2); getch();
return 0; }
OUTPUT:
enter the number of process 3
enter the burst time: 2
processid bt wt tt
1 2 0 2
2 4 2 6
3 6 6 12
AVG1=2.000000 AVG2=6.000000
RESULT:
Thus the SJF program was executed and verified successfully
Experiment No. 6
PRIORITY SCHEDULING

AIM:
To write a ‘C’ program to perform priority scheduling.
ALGORITHM:

2. Read burst time, waiting time, turn the around time and priority.
3. Initialize the waiting time for process 1 and 0.
4. Based up on the priority process are arranged
5. The waiting time of all the processes is summed and then the average waiting time
6. The waiting time of each process and average waiting time are displayed based on the
priority.
PROGRAM: (PRIORITY SCHEDULING)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct process
int pid;
int bt;
int wt;
int tt;
int prior;
p[10],temp;
int main()
int i,j,n,totwt,tottt,arg1,arg2;
clrscr();
printf("enter the number of process");

scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
p[i].pid=i;
printf("enter the burst time");
scanf("%d",&p[i].bt);
printf("\n enter the priority");
scanf("%d",&p[i].prior);
for(i=1;i<n;i++)
for(j=i+1;j<=n;j++)
{
if(p[i].prior>p[j].prior)
temp.pid=p[i].pid;
p[i].pid=p[j].pid;
p[j].pid=temp.pid;
temp.bt=p[i].bt;
p[i].bt=p[j].bt;
p[j].bt=temp.bt;
temp.prior=p[i].prior;
p[i].prior=p[j].prior;
p[j].prior=temp.prior;
p[i].wt=0;
p[1].tt=p[1].bt+p[1].wt;

i=2;
while(i<=n)
p[i].wt=p[i-1].bt+p[i-1].wt;
p[i].tt=p[i].bt+p[i].wt;
i++;
i=1;
totwt=tottt=0;
printf("\n process to \t bt \t wt \t tt");
while(i<=n)
{
printf("\n%d\t %d\t %d\t %d\t",p[i].pid,p[i].bt,p[i].wt,p[i].tt);
totwt=p[i].wt+totwt;
i++;
arg1=totwt/n;
arg2=tottt/n;
printf("\n arg1=%d \t arg2=%d\t",arg1,arg2);
getch();
return 0;

OUTPUT:
enter the no of process:3
enter the burst time:2
enter the priority:3
process to bt wt tt
1 4 0 4 4
2 6 4 10 14
3 2 10 12 22
avg1=4 avg2=8
RESULT:
Thus the priority scheduling program was executed and verified successfully
Experiment No. 7
ROUND ROBIN SCHEDULING

AIM:
To write a program to implement cpu scheduling for Round Robin Scheduling.
ALGORITHM:
1. Get the number of process and their burst time.
2. Initialize the array for Round Robin circular queue as ‘0’.
3. The burst time of each process is divided and the quotients are stored on the
round Robin array.
4. According to the array value the waiting time for each process and the
average time are calculated as line the other scheduling.
5. The waiting time for each process and average times are displayed.
PROGRAM :( ROUND ROBIN SCHEDULING)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct process
int pid,bt,tt,wt;
};
int main()
struct process x[10],p[30];
int i,j,k,tot=0,m,n;
float wttime=0.0,tottime=0.0,a1,a2;
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the number of process:\t");

scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
x[i].pid=i;
printf("\nEnter the Burst Time:\t");
scanf("%d",&x[i].bt);
tot=tot+x[i].bt;
printf("\nTotal Burst Time:\t%d",tot);
p[0].tt=0;
k=1;
printf("\nEnter the Time Slice:\t");
scanf("%d",&m);
for(j=1;j<=tot;j++)
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
if(x[i].bt !=0)
p[k].pid=i;
if(x[i].bt-m<0)
p[k].wt=p[k-1].tt;
p[k].bt=x[i].bt;
p[k].tt=p[k].wt+x[i].bt;
x[i].bt=0;
k++;
else

p[k].wt=p[k-1].tt;
p[k].tt=p[k].wt+m;
x[i].bt=x[i].bt-m;
k++;
printf("\nProcess id \twt \ttt");
for(i=1;i<k;i++){
printf("\n\t%d \t%d \t%d",p[i].pid,p[i].wt,p[i].tt);
wttime=wttime+p[i].wt;
tottime=tottime+p[i].tt;
a1=wttime/n;
a2=tottime/n;
}
printf("\n\nAverage Waiting Time:\t%f",a1);
printf("\n\nAverage TurnAround Time:\t%f",a2);
getch();
return 0;
OUTPUT:
enter the no of process3

enter the burst time3
total burst time : 15
enter the time slice: 2
process id wt tt
1 0 2
2 2 4
3 4 6
1 6 7
process id wt tt
2 7 9
3 9 11
2 11 12
3 12 14
3 14 15
avg waiting time: 21.666666
avg turnaround time: 26.666666
RESULT:
Thus the Round Robin scheduling program was executed and verified successfully.
Experiment No. 8
PRODUCER-CONSUMER PROBLEM USING SEMOPHERES
AIM:
To implement producer/consumer problem using semaphore.
ALGORITHM:
1. Declare variable for producer & consumer as pthread-t-tid produce tid consume.
2. Declare a structure to add items, semaphore variable set as struct.
3. Read number the items to be produced and consumed.
4. Declare and define semaphore function for creation and destroy.
5. Define producer function.
6. Define consumer function.
7. Call producer and consumer.
8. Stop the execution.
PROGRAM: (PRODUCER-CONSUMER PROBLEM)

#include<stdio.h>

void main()
int buffer[10], bufsize, in, out, produce, consume, choice=0;
in = 0;
out = 0;
bufsize = 10;
while(choice !=3)
printf("\n1. Produce \t 2. Consume \t3. Exit");
printf("\nEnter your choice: =");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch(choice)
case 1: if((in+1)%bufsize==out)
printf("\nBuffer is Full");
else
printf("\nEnter the value: ");
scanf("%d", &produce);
buffer[in] = produce;
in = (in+1)%bufsize;
break;
case 2: if(in == out)
printf("\nBuffer is Empty");
else
{
consume = buffer[out];
printf("\nThe consumed value is %d", consume);

out = (out+1)%bufsize;
break;
} } }
OUTPUT:
1. Produce 2. Consume 3. Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Buffer is Empty
Enter the value: 100
The consumed value is 100
RESULT:
Thus the producer consumer program was executed and verified successfully.
Experiment No. 9

FIRST FIT MEMORY MANAGEMENT

AIM:
To implement first fit, best fit algorithm for memory management.
ALGORITHM:

2. Get the segment size, number of process to be allocated and their corresponding size.
3. Get the options. If the option is ‘2’ call first fit function.
4. If the option is ‘1’ call best fit function. Otherwise exit.
5. For first fit, allocate the process to first possible segment which is free and set the personnel slap
as ‘1’. So that none of process to be allocated to segment which is already allocated and vice
versa.
6. For best fit, do the following steps,.
7. Sorts the segments according to their sizes.
8. Allocate the process to the segment which is equal to or slightly greater than the process size and
set the flag as the ‘1’ .So that none of the process to be allocated to the segment which is already
allocated and vice versa. Stop the program.
9. Stop the program
PROGRAM: (FIRST FIT MEMORY MANAGEMENT)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define max 25
void main()
int frag[max],b[max],f[max],i,j,nb,nf,temp,highest=0;
static int bf[max],ff[max];
clrscr();
printf("\n\tMemory Management Scheme - First Fit");
printf("\nEnter the number of blocks:");
scanf("%d",&nb);
printf("Enter the number of files:");
scanf("%d",&nf);
printf("\nEnter the size of the blocks:-\n");
for(i=1;i<=nb;i++)
printf("Block %d:",i);
scanf("%d",&b[i]);
printf("Enter the size of the files :-\n");
for(i=1;i<=nf;i++)
printf("File %d:",i);
scanf("%d",&f[i]);
for(i=1;i<=nf;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=nb;j++)

if(bf[j]!=1) //if bf[j] is not allocated
temp=b[j]-f[i];
if(temp>=0)
if(highest<temp)
ff[i]=j;
highest=temp;
frag[i]=highest;
bf[ff[i]]=1;
highest=0;
printf("\nFile_no:\tFile_size :\tBlock_no:\tBlock_size:\tFragement");
for(i=1;i<=nf;i++)
printf("\n%d\t\t%d\t\t%d\t\t%d\t\t%d",
i,f[i],ff[i],b[ff[i]],frag[i]);
getch();
OUTPUT:

Enter the number of blocks: 3
Enter the number of files: 2
Enter the size of the blocks:-
Block 1: 5
Block 2: 2
Block 3: 7
Enter the size of the files:-
File 1: 1
File 2: 4
OUTPUT
File No File Size Block No Block Size Fragment
1 1 3 7 6
2 4 1 5 1
RESULT:
Thus the First Bit and Best Fit program was executed and verified successfully.

Experiment No. 10
SIMULATE PAGE REPLACEMENT ALGORITHMS FIFO
AIM:
To Simulate FIFO page replacement algorithms.
ALGORITHM:
1. Start the program

2. Read the number of frames
3. Read the number of pages
4. Read the page numbers
5. Initialize the values in frames to -1
6. Allocate the pages in to frames in First in first out order.
7. Display the number of page faults.
8. Stop the program
PROGRAM: (SIMULATE PAGE REPLACEMENT ALGORITHMS FIFO)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int i,j,nof,nor,flag=0,ref[50],frm[50],pf=0,victim=-1;
void main()
clrscr();
printf("\n \t\t\t FIFI PAGE REPLACEMENT ALGORITHM");
printf("\n Enter no.of frames....");
scanf("%d",&nof);
printf("Enter number of Pages.\n");
scanf("%d",&nor);
printf("\n Enter the Page No...");
for(i=0;i<nor;i++)
scanf("%d",&ref[i]);

printf("\nThe given Pages are:");
for(i=0;i<nor;i++)
printf("%4d",ref[i]);
for(i=1;i<=nof;i++)
frm[i]=-1;
printf("\n");
for(i=0;i<nor;i++)
flag=0;
printf("\n\t page no %d->\t",ref[i]);
for(j=0;j<nof;j++)
if(frm[j]==ref[i])
{
flag=1;
break;
}}
if(flag==0)
pf++;
victim++;
victim=victim%nof;
frm[victim]=ref[i];
for(j=0;j<nof;j++)
printf("%4d",frm[j]);
} }
printf("\n\n\t\t No.of pages faults...%d",pf);
getch();

OUTPUT:
FIFO PAGE REPLACEMENT ALGORITHM
Enter no.of frames....4
Enter number of reference string..
Enter the reference string..
564123
The given reference string:
...................................... 5 6 4 1 2 3
Reference np5-> 5 -1 -1 -1
Reference np6-> 5 6 -1 -1
Reference np4-> 5 6 4 -1
Reference np1-> 5 64 1
No.of pages faults...6
RESULT:
Thus the program FIFO page replacement was successfully executed.

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Jawaharlal Institute of Technology,

Subject Code:- CS_405

2 Process System Calls

4 First Come First Serve Scheduling

5 Shortest job first Scheduling

7 Round Robin Scheduling

8 Producer-consumer problem Using

9 First Fit For Memory Management

10 Simulate Page Replacement Algorithms FIFO

JIT (Computer Science & Engineer) Page 2

A computer system can be divided into 4 components:

- Hardware (CPU, memory, input/output devices, etc.),

In 1960’s definition of an operating system is “software that controls the hardware”.

Types of Operating System (Based of No. of user):

Ex: MS-Dos, MS-Win 95-98, Win-ME

JIT (Computer Science & Engineer) Page 3

computer would be able to handle more than one user at a time.

Ex: UNIX, Linux, XENIX

2. Network: If the network Operating System is loaded in computer’s memory; the

Where C: represents the Drive letter (Current Drive)

\represents the current folder / Directory

>represents the end of the Prompt and

_ blinking element (represents the Cursor)

JIT (Computer Science & Engineer) Page 4

Operating Systems Types

Single- And Multi-Tasking Operating Systems

Multi-tasking may be characterized in preemptive and co-operative types. In preemptive

Single- And Multi-User Operating Systems

Distributed Operating Systems

Embedded Operating Systems

JIT (Computer Science & Engineer) Page 5

Real-Time Operating Systems

Types of Process Scheduling

1. FCFS Scheduling Algorithm

2. SJF Scheduling Algorithm

3. SRTF: Shortest Remaining Time First

4. Round Robin Scheduling

JIT (Computer Science & Engineer) Page 6

To write c program to implement the Process system calls.

1. Start the program.

3. Create a child process by calling the fork() system call

5. Stop the program

JIT (Computer Science & Engineer) Page 7

PROGRAM: (PROCESS SYSTEM CALLS)

void main(int argc,char *arg[])

int pid; pid=fork();

printf("\n Process id is -%d\n",getpid());

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To write a ‘c’ program for I/O system calls.

1. Start the program.

4. The string [] array is write into a file close it.

6. Stop the program

PROGRAM :( IO SYSTEM CALLS)

char buf1[25]= "just a test\n";

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write(fd[0], buf1, strlen(buf1));

printf("\n Cat file1 is \n hai");

write(fd[0], buf1, strlen(buf1));

lseek(fd[0], SEEK_SET, 0);