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    ALGAE

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    Rizel Macasandag Mahomok
    Algae exist in a variety of environments from oceans to snow and come in many colors like green, red, and blue. They lack true stems, leaves, and vascular tissue found in plants. Algae can reproduce asexually through cell division or sexually through the fusion of male and female gametes. Harmful algal blooms occur when algae grow out of control and produce toxins that can sicken or kill humans, fish, birds and marine mammals. Algae play important roles in aquatic ecosystems by fixing carbon and serving as a food source, and they are also useful for soil stabilization and various commercial products.

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    ALGAE

    Uploaded by

    Rizel Macasandag Mahomok
    8 views3 pages
    Algae exist in a variety of environments from oceans to snow and come in many colors like green, red, and blue. They lack true stems, leaves, and vascular tissue found in plants. Algae can reproduce asexually through cell division or sexually through the fusion of male and female gametes. Harmful algal blooms occur when algae grow out of control and produce toxins that can sicken or kill humans, fish, birds and marine mammals. Algae play important roles in aquatic ecosystems by fixing carbon and serving as a food source, and they are also useful for soil stabilization and various commercial products.

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    Algae exist in a variety of environments from oceans to snow and come in many colors like green, red, and blue. They lack true stems, leaves, and vascular tissue found in plants. Algae can reproduce asexually through cell division or sexually through the fusion of male and female gametes. Harmful algal blooms occur when algae grow out of control and produce toxins that can sicken or kill humans, fish, birds and marine mammals. Algae play important roles in aquatic ecosystems by fixing carbon and serving as a food source, and they are also useful for soil stabilization and various commercial products.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    8 views3 pages

    ALGAE

    Uploaded by

    Rizel Macasandag Mahomok
    Algae exist in a variety of environments from oceans to snow and come in many colors like green, red, and blue. They lack true stems, leaves, and vascular tissue found in plants. Algae can reproduce asexually through cell division or sexually through the fusion of male and female gametes. Harmful algal blooms occur when algae grow out of control and produce toxins that can sicken or kill humans, fish, birds and marine mammals. Algae play important roles in aquatic ecosystems by fixing carbon and serving as a food source, and they are also useful for soil stabilization and various commercial products.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    ALGAE •Furthermore, they also do not have vascular

    tissues to circulate essential nutrients and


    Definition of terms water throughout their body.
    • Thallus The red algae, or Rhodophyta, are one of the
    plant body of algae, fungi, and other lower oldest groups of eukaryotic algae. The
    organisms formerly assigned to the obsolete Rhodophyta also comprises one of the largest
    group Thallophyta. plivia of algae, containing over 7,000 currently
    recognized species with taxonomic revisions
    A thallus is composed of filaments or plates of ongoing.
    cells and ranges in size from a unicellular
    structure to a complex tree-like form. • Green Algae

    • Holdfast > It is a large, informal grouping of algae


    having the primary photosynthetic pigments
    - plays the role to anchor the alga so that it chlorophyll a and b, along with auxiliary
    stays in place on the substrate where it grows, pigments such as xanthophylls and beta
    this further helps to prevent the algae from carotene.
    being carried away.
    Higher organisms use green algae to conduct
    Hence the primary role of the holdfast is to photosynthesis for them. Other species of
    anchor the algae to the substrate. green algae have a symbiotic relationship with
    other organisms.
    Introduction
    • Blue-green Algae
    What are algae?
    Also called cyanobacteria, these organisms
    • Algae exist in environments ranging from
    live in moist or aquatic environments just like
    oceans, rivers, and lakes to ponds, brackish
    other algae. These include dams, rivers,
    waters, and even snow.
    reservoirs, creeks, lakes, and oceans.
    • Algae are usually green, but they can be
    > This class of bacteria obtains energy through
    found in a variety of different colors.
    the process of photosynthesis.
    • For instance, algae living in snow contain
    Ecologically, some species of blue-green algae
    carotenoid pigments in addition to
    are significant to the environment as it fixes
    chlorophyll, hence giving the surrounding
    the nitrogen in the soil. Hence, these are also
    snow a distinctive red hue.
    called nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
    • Most algae require a moist or watery
    However, other types of blue-green algae can
    environment; hence, they are ubiquitous near
    be toxic to human beings. They can either be
    or inside water bodies. Anatomically, they are
    neurotoxic (affects the respiratory or nervous
    like another major group of photosynthetic
    system, causing paralysis) or hepatotoxic
    organisms-the land plants.
    (causes the liver to fail). Moreover, some can
    • However, that is where the differences end act as indicators of environmental health,
    as algae lack many structural components signaling the extent of pollution.
    typically present in plants, such as true stems,
    shoots, and leaves.
    Life Cycle diatoms produced domoic acid, a toxin that
    was then concentrated in the mussels
    All algae can reproduce asexually
    - Symptoms included diarrhea and memory
    - Asexual reproduction is a mode of loss. Domoic acid intoxication
    reproduction in which a new offspring is
    produced by a single parent. HABS

    ➤ Sexual reproduction occurs in algae •Harmful algal blooms, or HABS, occur when
    colonies of algae-simple plants that live in the
    - In some species, asexual reproduction may sea and freshwater-grow out of control while
    occur for several generations, and then, under producing toxic or harmful effects on people,
    different conditions, the same species fish, shellfish, marine mammals, and birds.
    reproduce sexually The human illnesses caused by HABS, though
    - Other species alternate generations so that rare, can be debilitating or even fatal.
    the offspring resulting from sexual •While many people call these blooms 'red
    reproduction reproducing asexually, and the tides,' scientists prefer the term harmful algal
    The next generation then reproduces sexually. bloom
    Mode of nutrition in Algae •This bloom, like many HABS, is caused by
    Most algae are photosynthetic microscopic algae that produce toxins that kill
    fish and make shellfish dangerous to eat. The
    • Oomycotes, fungal-like algae, are toxins may also make the surrounding air
    chemoheterotrophs difficult to breathe. As the name suggests, the
    bloom of algae often turns the water red.
    - Chemoheterotrophs, an organism deriving
    energy by ingesting intermediates or building -Large concentrations of Alexandrium give the
    blocks that it is incapable of creating on their ocean a deep red color, from which the name
    own. red tide originates

    Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, and water molds - Mollusks and any form of shellfish should
    not be harvested during red tide
    Grouped into the kingdom Stramenopila
    - A disease called ciguatera occurs when the
    Diatoms
    dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus passes
    - are unicellular or filamentous algae with up the food chain and is concentrated in large
    complex cell walls that consist of pectin and a fish.
    layer of silica.
    - Fish toxin is then called, ciguatoxin
    -Store energy captured through
    -Ciguatera is endemic (constantly present) in
    photosynthesis in the form of oil.
    the south Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean
    -The first reported outbreak of a neurological Sea.
    disease caused by diatoms was reported in
    1987 in Canada. Affected people ate mussels
    that had been feeding on diatoms. The
    Roles of Algae in Nature

    • An important part of any aquatic food chain


    is because they fix carbon dioxide into organic
    molecules that can be consumed by
    chemoheterotrophs.

    •Algae convert carbon dioxide in the


    atmosphere into carbohydrates.

    •They a key role in alkaline reclaiming and can


    be used as a soil binding agent as well as can
    be used in a variety of commercial products.

    •As autotrophic organisms, algae convert


    water and carbon dioxide to sugar through
    the process of photosynthesis.

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