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    Diabetes

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    geminisycorax
    This document discusses diabetes physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. It covers the roles of the pancreas and hormones insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels. Pathologically, it mentions diabetic ketoacidosis. Pharmacologically, it discusses different insulin types and non-insulin drugs for treating diabetes including SGLT-2 inhibitors.

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    Diabetes

    Uploaded by

    geminisycorax
    7 views21 pages
    This document discusses diabetes physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. It covers the roles of the pancreas and hormones insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels. Pathologically, it mentions diabetic ketoacidosis. Pharmacologically, it discusses different insulin types and non-insulin drugs for treating diabetes including SGLT-2 inhibitors.

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    This document discusses diabetes physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. It covers the roles of the pancreas and hormones insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels. Pathologically, it mentions diabetic ketoacidosis. Pharmacologically, it discusses different insulin types and non-insulin drugs for treating diabetes including SGLT-2 inhibitors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views21 pages

    Diabetes

    Uploaded by

    geminisycorax
    This document discusses diabetes physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. It covers the roles of the pancreas and hormones insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels. Pathologically, it mentions diabetic ketoacidosis. Pharmacologically, it discusses different insulin types and non-insulin drugs for treating diabetes including SGLT-2 inhibitors.

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    DIABETES

    PHYSIOLOGY
    pancreas
    insulin vs glucagon

    PATHOLOGY
    DKA

    PHARMACOLOGY
    insulin types
    non insulin drugs
    PHYSIOLOGY
    PANCREAS
    FUNCTION
    Exocrine - digestive proteins
    Amylase - carbs
    Lipase - fats
    Trypsin - proteins
    Endocrine - hormone secretion
    Langerhans a - glucagon (25%)
    Langerhans b - insulin (70%)
    Langerhans d - somatostatin (5%)
    Langerhans f - pancreatic polypeptide
    PHYSIOLOGY
    INSULIN
    PRODUCTION Carbohydrates, protein
    FUNCTION and fat storage
    CONTROL
    Enhances energy
    EFFECTS uptake of cells
    RECEPTORS
    PHYSIOLOGY
    Stimulate Inhibit
    INSULIN low glucose
    glucose 5mmol/L,
    PRODUCTION amino acids Leptin
    FUNCTION glucagon alpha 2
    CONTROL digestive hormones
    (gastrin, CCK, secretin)
    EFFECTS
    Beta 2
    RECEPTORS
    PHYSIOLOGY
    G-protein coupled

    Gs Gi Gq

    INSULIN
    TSH
    ligand gated
    GABA angiotensin II (AT II)
    ION CHANNELS alpha 1 - metaraminol

    PRODUCTION
    Ach (M1, M3, M5) - atropine

    FUNCTION Ach n
    CONTROL
    EFFECTS ENZYME linked
    glutamate

    RECEPTORS
    tyrosine kinase
    INOTROPIC
    growth hormones
    prostaglandins
    cell function
    cancer (chemotherapy)
    Insulin INDEPENDANT
    PHYSIOLOGY GLUT -1
    Basal uptake all GLUT 2
    cells Liver,
    Mostly in pancreas,
    GLUT 3
    INSULIN RBC, BBB, kidneys, Neurons
    Lang Alpha cells intestines
    PRODUCTION
    FUNCTION
    CONTROL
    EFFECTS
    RECEPTORS
    Insulin dependant
    GLUT - 4
    GLUT
    Fat, muscles*
    **NOT exercising muscle
    PHYSIOLOGY
    Early - within seconds
    activation of GLUT4 proteins
    INSULIN
    Intermediate - within 20mins
    PRODUCTION metabolic enzymes phosphorylation
    FUNCTION potassium shift into cells
    + glyconeogenesis, glycolyis, protein synth.
    CONTROL - glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis
    EFFECTS Long term
    fat storage
    RECEPTORS
    glucose storage
    EFFECTS

    GLUCAGON

    BM
    EFFECTS

    GLUCAGON
    GLUT 2

    BM

    GLYCOGEN GLUCOSE
    EFFECTS

    GLYCOGEN GLUCOSE

    GLYCO neo GENESIS GLUCO neo GENESIS

    GLYCOGEN -o- lysis GLYCO- lysis


    EFFECTS

    GLUCAGON

    GLUT 4
    BM LYPOGENESIS LYPOLYSIS
    EFFECTS

    GLYCOGEN -o- lysis

    GLYCO- lysis GLUT 4


    BM
    AMINO ACID uptake

    PROTEIN synthesis
    EFFECTS

    GLYCOGEN -o- lysis

    GLYCO- lysis GLUT 4


    BM
    AMINO ACID uptake

    PROTEIN synthesis
    EFFECTS

    GLUCAGON

    INOTROPY

    BM
    CHRONOTROPY
    DKA

    DEHYDRATION

    KETONES

    ACIDOSIS
    INSULIN TYPES
    OTHERS
    OTHERS SGLT -2 INHIBITORS

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