MANUAL CALCULATIONS

Consider the following parameters for calculation:

Parameter Value

Yellow time 3s

All red 1s

Discharge headway for through traffic 2s

Discharge headway for left turn traffic 2.5s

Discharge headway for right turn traffic 3.5s

Lost time per phase 3s

3600
STH = =1800 vphgpl
2

3600
STH, LT = =1440 vphgpl
2.5

3600
STH, RT = =1029 vphgpl
3.5

Flow ratios

PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3

KLA-JJA JJA-KLA KLA-KYU KYU-KLA KYU-JJA JJA-KYU
DEMAND 604 883 38 113 58 101
SATURATION FLOW RATE 1800 1800 1440 1029 1440 1029
FLOW RATIO 0.34 0.49 0.03 0.11 0.04 0.10
MAXIMUM FLOW RATIO 0.49 0.11 0.10

Total flow ratios (Y’) = 0.49 + 0.11 + 0.10 = 0.70

Total lost time = 3x3 = 9s

Optimum cycle length (Co)

1.5 L+5
C o=
1−∑ Y '
 ( ( 1.5 x 9 ) +5)
C o= =61.7 s consider 65s
(1−0.70)

Minimum pedestrian green time

3.6∗3.5
NB: Gpmin = 7+ −( 3+1 )=13.5 ≅ 14 s
1.2

3.55∗1.5
EB: Gpmin = 7+ − (3+ 1 )=7.5 ≅ 8 s
1.2

Productive green

Gp = 65-9 = 56s

Green time allocation

PHASE Effective green Pedestrian green Comment

1 0.49 8s OK
× 56=39 s
0.70

2 0.11 14s NOT OK

× 56=9 s
0.70

3 0.10 14s NOT OK

× 56=8 s
0.70

Consider recalculation of cycle time

'
Y3
gmin = '
×(C o−Lt )
Y

0.10
14= ×(C o−9)
0.70

Co = 107 approx 110s

Consider time redistribution

Productive green = 110- 9 = 101s

PHASE Effective green Min Comment Red time for vehicles Yellow time for
 Pedestrian pedestrians
green

1 0.49 8s OK R=110-(71+3) =36s 3.55 ×1.5

× 101=71 s Y= =4 s
0.70 1.2

2 0.11 14s OK R= 110-(16+3) = 91s 3.6 ×3.5

× 101=16 s Y= =11s
0.70 1.2

3 0.10 14s OK R = 110 – (14+3) = 3.6 ×3.5

× 101=14 s Y= =11s
0.70 1.2
93s

GRAPHICAL SIGNAL PLAN

VEHICULAR TRAFFIC SIGNAL TIMING PLAN

PHASE 1

0s 71s 74s 110s

PHASE 2

0s 74s 90s 93s 110s

PHASE 3

14s

0s 93s 110s
PEDESTRIAN SIGNAL TIMING PLAN

PHASE A

4s 70s 36s

PHASE B

74s 11s 8s 17s

PHASE C

93s 11s 6s

Nakawa junction

Nakawa Junction operates with 4 phases with 3 phases being used by traffic and 1 phase
given to pedestrian crossing at all approaches. Our group was able to obtain the following
details about the signal timing at Nakawa Junction from the KCCA traffic warden.

Number of phases 4

Flow ratios per phase 0.31 for east bound and west bound
traffic,0.14 for right turn traffic from
Portbell road and left turn traffic from
Nakawa side the junction,0.11 for right turn
traffic from Kampala and left turn traffic
from Port bell road and 0.09 for pedestrian
crossing.

Yellow time 2s

All red time 1s

Lost time per phase 3s

Total flow ratios

 Y’=0.31+ 0.14 + 0.11 + 0.09 = 0.65

Total lost time = 4x3 = 12s

( ( 1.5 x 12 )+5)
C o= =65.7 s ≈ 70 s
(1−0.65)

Productive green = 70 – 12 = 58s

Green time allocation

PHASE Effective green Red time Yellow time All red time

1 0.31 R=70-(28+3) =39s 2s 1s

× 58=28 s
0.65

2 0.14 R= 70-(12+3) = 55s 2s 1s

×58=12 s
0.65

3 0.11 R= 70-(10+3) = 57s 2s 1s

× 58=10 s
0.65

4 0.09 R = 70 – (8+3) = 59s 2s 1s

× 58=8 s
0.65
Signal timing plan

PHASE A

0s 28s 30s 70s

PHASE B

0s 30s 42s 44s 70s

PHASE C

0s 44s 54s 56s 70s

PHASE D

0s 56s 64s 66s 70s

Coordination of Intersections
Assuming no vehicles are queued at the signals, the ideal offsets were determined
considering the platoon speed is known. For the purpose of the assignment, a desired platoon
speed of 30 km/h was used. The cycle length is 110 sec, and the effective green time at
each intersection was considered to be 50% of the cycle length, or 55s. Ideal offsets
are computed and the results are listed in the table below. According to the Uganda’s
regulations of transport, speed limit is 30kph in urban.
Considering on the fact that the traffic signal system was not connected within the
each intersection or not related, but the actual speed of drivers goes over 30kph or up to
60kph, so if improving the traffic management to better way, such as remade the link of all
intersections by nonstop of platoon while the platoon from Nakawa intersection reach to
Kyambogo junction and so on, the traffic condition will be better as the results show in the
tables below

The offset in green indication is obtained from the equation proposed by the Federal Highway
Administration Office of Research and Development, 1976. (Khanna & Justo, 2001)

D = V.S where D= distance between junctions, V is proposed speed of progression and S is

the offset of green indication for progressive movements.

Consider the following parameters:

D= 2100m and V = 30kph=8.33m/s

S = 2100/8.33 = 252s

Offsets per phase at each junction

Considering a 50% split i.e. each junction receiving a split of 252/2 = 176s

Nakawa Junction Kyambogo Junction

PHASE 1 83s PHASE 1 123s

PHASE 2 37s PHASE 2 28s

PHASE 3 29s PHASE 3 25s

 PHASE 4 24s

The expected signal timing plan for coordinated junctions is shown below however the actual
signal timing plan was made in the simulation.

Consider the 2 signals operating at 110s each for ease of coordination and considering the
east bound and west bound traffic through the 2 intersections . the following coordination
plan would result. The 3 bars represent phase 1 at Kyambogo junction and Phase A at
Nakawa junction after the offset and adjustment in cycle time.
36s 47s
36s

3s 3s

71s 71s
JINJA TO NAKAWA2s NAKAWA TO JINJA

61s

PHASE 1(KYU) PHASE A (NAKAWA) PHASE 1(KYU)