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Examples:

• providing an opportunity to highlight the population’s


future agingrelated issues and to create an action plan
involving a range of stakeholders.製造一個讓高齡議題受
到重視的機會、制定讓所有人都受惠的行動計劃。
• all state agencies to consider how the growth of the older
population will impact the agencies and to identify
strategies to assure that agencies are prepared.地方政府
思考高齡化帶來的影響並確保一切準備就緒。
• Although not specific to aging, the Partnership for
Sustainable Communities demonstrates partnerships
among federal agencies.不只針對老人
3.To what extent should advocates of various
models identify and work with each other

AFCIs還沒有共同的價值、目標、執行方式跟評估策略

阻礙聯盟建設,信息交流,聯合研究以及資源匯集
1.物質、社會和財務資源的分配有助於維護已經
掌權的團體的利益
2.缺乏公共資金(特別是聯邦級)
4.How can the individual- and community-level
outcomes of these initiatives be rigorously evaluated

• A major challenge facing all community initiatives—in


aging and outside of aging alike—is how to evaluate their
impact on individuals and communities.

• In an era when policymakers and private funders are


increasingly seeking evidence for programs’ effectiveness,
especially in terms of costs, more rigorous outcomes
research in this area is sorely needed

• Lack of evidence regarding effectiveness likely contributes


to hesitancy among policymakers to invest substantial funds
in AFCIs.
Many of the difficulties in evaluating AFCIs are inherent within the
design of the initiatives themselves

• (a) their multifaceted nature


• (b) the diverse ways in which individuals can benefit
• (c) the complexity of their
• (d) their flexible design to accommodate the particular needs and
strengths of the localities in which they are implemented
• (e) the overall lack of funding available to support AFCIs, which
constrains financial support for rigorous, longitudinal evaluation.
Despite these challenges, there is some promise for
evaluation work in this area

1.cross-sector partnership models site-specific methods

2.community planning pilots of specific activities

3.WHO also is developing a set of core and recommended


indicators for use in evaluating cities’ age-friendly efforts.

4.rigorous evaluation from fields outside of aging.


Conclusion
how AFCIs are germane to the primary issues highlighted
by the 2015 White House Conference on Aging
WHCoA:
White House Conference on Aging

1 1. Allow older adults to age in place


2 3 in the community
2. Assist in supporting their health
and vitality.
3. Bringing together enhanced
partnerships among health care
services, aging services, and
housing can help support older
Americans thriving in their
communities as they age.
Three issues selected for
2015 WHCoA
1. Elder abuse and neglect
→ reduce older adults’ social isolation

2. Long-term services and supports


→ AFCIs can provide a vehicle for
making long-term services and
supports more accessible.

3. Economic security in later life


→ Engage diverse stakeholders in
conversations germane to economic
security, including employment in
later life and affordable housing.

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