Learning Content 2 Archimedes Principle 3 Sample Problem 4 Learning Activity 1 7 November 28, 2023 Self-Assessment 8
Reflection/ Wrap Up: (Conclusion)
1 MODULE 3 BOUYANCY
INTRODUCTION
Buoyancy is caused by the differences in pressure acting on opposite sides of an object immersed in a static fluid. It is also known as the buoyant force. Buoyancy is the phenomena due to Buoyant Force. The upward force applied by the fluid on the object or the body when an object is put in or submerged in the fluid
LESSON 1
A. T itle: Bouyant Force
B: Learning Objective: The study of this lesson will enable the student to 1. Illustrate the forces acting on floating body 2. Solve problems related to bouyant force on a submerged body
Bouyant Force
The buoyant force comes from the pressure exerted on the object by the fluid. Because the pressure increases as the depth increases, the pressure on the bottom of an object is always larger than the force on the top - hence the net upward force. The buoyant force is present whether the object floats or sinks.
In simple terms, the principle states that the buoyancy force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, or the density of the fluid multiplied by the submerged volume times the gravitational acceleration, g.
The buoyancy force is caused by the pressure exerted by the fluid in which an object is immersed. The buoyancy force always points upwards because the pressure of a fluid increases with depth.
The buoyant force doesn't depend on the overall depth of the object submerged. In other words, as long as the object is fully submerged, bringing it to a deeper and deeper depth will not change the buoyant force. This might seem strange since the pressure gets larger as you descend to deeper depths.
There are three types of Buoyancy which are positive, negative and neutral.
Within most of the human—and animal—body, whether muscle, fat, blood or bone, is a lot of water. This means our bodies really are close to the density of water. But this activity can also help explain why some animals—and people—are more buoyant than others.
The buoyant force comes from the pressure exerted on the object by the fluid. Because the pressure increases as the depth increases, the pressure on the bottom of an object is always larger than the force on the top - hence the net upward force. The buoyant force is present whether the object floats or sinks.
2 If an object's weight is less than the buoyant force acting on it, then the object floats. If an object's weight is greater than the buoyant force acting on it, then the object sinks. ... Therefore, density of an object also affects whether it sinks or floats.
Weight is a force acting on that matter . Mass resists any change in the motion of objects. In physics, the term weight has a specific meaning - which is the force that acts on a mass due to gravity. Weight is measured in newtons.
The buoyant force depends on the mass of the object. The buoyant force depends on the weight of the object. The buoyant force is independent of the density of the liquid.
ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE
A principle discovered by the Greek scientist Archimedes that state that “ any body immersed in a fluid is acted upon by an upward force (bouyant force) equal to the weight of the displaced fluid. This priciple, also known as the law of hydrostatics, applied to both floating and submerged bodies, and to all fluids.
BF =𝛾𝛾VD Where: 𝛾𝛾 = unit weight og the fluid VD = volume displaced. Volume of the body below the liquid surface.
Note: To solve problem in bouyancy, identify the force acting and apply condition of static equilibrium: ∈FH= 0 ∈FV= 0 ∈M = 0 For Homogeneous solid body of volume V “floating” in a homogeneous fluid at rest 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠.𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔.𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾 VD = 𝑉𝑉 = 𝑉𝑉 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠.𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔.𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾
If the body of height H has a constant horizontal cross-sectional area such as vertical cylinders, blocks, etc. 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠.𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔.𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾 D= 𝐻𝐻 = 𝐻𝐻 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠.𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔.𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾
If the body is of uniform vertical cross-sectional area A, the area submerged A, is.
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠.𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔.𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾
AS = 𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠.𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔.𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾𝛾
3 Sample Problems.
1. A block of wood 0.20m thick is floating in sea water. The specific gravity of wood is 0.65 while that of seawater is 1.03. Find the minimum area of a block which will support a man weighing 80 kg
Solution:
[∈ 𝐹𝐹 V = 0]
BF = Wman + Wwood
𝛾𝛾sw Vwood = Wman + 𝛾𝛾wood Vwood
(1000 x 1.03) Vwood = 80 + (1000 x 0.65) Vwood
Vwood = 0.2105 m3 = Area x 0.2
Area =1.05 square meter
2. The block shown in figure 04 weighs 35,000 lbs. Find the value oh h.
4 Solution: From the figure shown: [∈ 𝐹𝐹 V = 0] BF1 + BF2 = 35,000
BF2 =𝛾𝛾w VD 13,434.56 = 62.4 [(12)(12)h] h= 1.495 ft
3. If a 5-kg steel plate is attached to one end of a 0.1m x 0.3m x 1.20m wooden pole, what is the length of the pole above water? Use s.g. of wood of 0.50. Neglect bouyant force on steel.
Solution:
Neglecting the bouyant force on steel:
BFwood = Wsteel + Wwood 1000(0.1 x 0.3 x y) = 5+ 1000 (0.5) [0.1 x 0.3 x 1.2] y = 0.77m
h = 1.2 –y h = 1.2 – 0.77 h = 0.43m
5 4. A wooden spherical ball with specific gravity of 0.42 anda diameter of 300mm is dropped from a height of 4.3m above the surface of water in a pool of unknown depth. The ball barely touched the bottom of the pool before it began to float. Determine the depth of the pool.
5. A body having a sp.gr. of 0.7 floats on a liquid of sp.gr. 0.8. The volume of the body above the liquid surface is what percent of its total volume?
Solution:
VD = (Sbody/Sliquid) Vbody
0.7 VD = Vbody = 0.875 Vbody 0.8
Since the volume of the body displaced (below the liquid surface) is 0.875 or 87.5% of its total volume, then the volume of the body above the liquid surface is 12.5% of its total volume. 6 Learning Activity # 1 Name: ________________________________ Date: _________________ Direction: Answer the following:
1. What is Bouyant Force?
2.What is the formula of buoyant force?
3.Why does buoyant force occur?
4.Does buoyant force increase with depth?
5.What are the 3 types of buoyancy?
6.Are humans buoyant?
7.How does buoyant force work?
8.Does weight affect buoyancy?
9. Is weight a force?
7 10.Does buoyant force depends on mass?
SELF ASSESSMENT # 1 Name: ________________________________ Date : ______________ Direction: Answer the following:
1. The density of ice is 917 kg/mᶾ,and the approximate density of sea water in which the iceberg floats is 1025 kg/mᶾ . What fraction of iceberg is beneath the water surface?
2.Determine the minimum thickness of flywood ( S.G.= 0.62) ,having an area of 1.25sq. meter, which will support the 175 lbs weight of person floating in the ocean.
3. A certain object having specific gravity of 0.82 is floating into the ocean (sp.gr.=1.03). If the total volume of this object is assumed 1200 mᶾ Determine volume of body above the salt water surface.
4. If a 5kg steel plate is attached to one end of a 0.1m x 0.3m x 1.20m wooden pole, what is the length of the pole above water? Use sp.gr. of wood of 0.50 and that of steel 7.85.
5. A wooden spherical ball with sp.gr. of 0.48 and the diameter of 30cm is dropped from a height of 4m above the surface of water in a pool of unknown depth. The ball barely touched the bottom of the pool before it began to float. Determine the depth of the pool.
8 Reflection/ Wrap Up: (Conclusion)
The buoyant force comes from the pressure exerted on the object by the fluid. Because the pressure increases as the depth increases, the pressure on the bottom of an object is always larger than the force on the top - hence the net upward force. The buoyant force is present whether the object floats or sinks.
In simple terms, the principle states that the buoyancy force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, or the density of the fluid multiplied by the submerged volume times the gravitational acceleration, g.
The buoyancy force is caused by the pressure exerted by the fluid in which an object is immersed. The buoyancy force always points upwards because the pressure of a fluid increases with depth.
The buoyant force doesn't depend on the overall depth of the object submerged. In other words, as long as the object is fully submerged, bringing it to a deeper and deeper depth will not change the buoyant force. This might seem strange since the pressure gets larger as you descend to deeper depths.
There are three types of Buoyancy which are positive, negative and neutral.
Within most of the human—and animal—body, whether muscle, fat, blood or bone, is a lot of water. This means our bodies really are close to the density of water. But this activity can also help explain why some animals—and people—are more buoyant than others.
The buoyant force comes from the pressure exerted on the object by the fluid. Because the pressure increases as the depth increases, the pressure on the bottom of an object is always larger than the force on the top - hence the net upward force. The buoyant force is present whether the object floats or sinks.
If an object's weight is less than the buoyant force acting on it, then the object floats. If an object's weight is greater than the buoyant force acting on it, then the object sinks. ... Therefore, density of an object also affects whether it sinks or floats.
Weight is a force acting on that matter . Mass resists any change in the motion of objects. In physics, the term weight has a specific meaning - which is the force that acts on a mass due to gravity. Weight is measured in newtons.
The buoyant force depends on the mass of the object. The buoyant force depends on the weight of the object. The buoyant force is independent of the density of the liquid.
9 Activity # 1
1. 2. 0.155m 3. 244.66 m3 4. 0.455 m ANSWER KEY: 5. 3.69 m
