Introduction

The Ethiopian University Entrance Examination Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) is given to test the mental
ability of students who will join a higher education The test has two main sections with a total of 60 items.
The first section contains verbal reasoning items and the other section contains quantitative reasoning items.
The English section (The verbal reasoning) has 35 questions while the rest (quantitative reasoning) part has 25
questions. All the items are of choice type.

The Verbal reasoning part contains 35 items with different sections. The sections are verbal Analogy,
Antonyms, Synonyms, Language use, sentence completion, Reading passage, logical and Analytical
Reasoning.

This material provides five model tests covering the most important parts of the SAT. Even though this it is
primarily prepared to help students who are taking the Ethiopian scholastic Aptitude test for college and
university Entrance, it is also valuable for other students who are planning to take the SAT or GRE for
international Universities.

The material presents the items: Analogy, Antonyms, Synonyms, Language use and Sentence Completion.
All sections and questions are presented as models showing every instruction and approach that you used in
the real SAT. Each section has 28 items followed by answers and explanations. Since the SAT words are
frequently big and uncommon, their definitions are provided so as to help students practice more without
going to dictionaries. It also helps them to build their vocabularies as well.

I believe this material plays a significant role in your preparation to SAT. It also helps you to believe in
yourself that you can beat the SAT.

Do the SAT Better!!!

We shall now study how to deal with each section One by one using examples.

I. Analogy

In this section you are given with a related pair of words or phrases followed by four choices, with other pairs
of words, you are expected to select the pair that best expresses a relationship similar to the original pairs
which are given in capital letters.
These items test your ability to determine the relationship between a given pair of words and recognize a
similar relationship between a different pair of words. The relations between the words may appear in
different forms from a wide range of fields.

There exist a specific relationship between the words given in order to test your ability of how smartly you put
ideas at a given period of times thereby, measuring your mental fitness.

When you attempt such items the first and most important thing is to determine the specific relationship that
exists between the capitalized pairs. The best way to do this is, making a sentence that shows how these
capitalized words are related.

Study the following examples:

LAWYER: COURT

You can see that a court is a place where a works.

SILENCE: NOISE

Do you see that NOISE is the opposite of SILENCE?

BOTANY: PLANT

You can see that BOTANY is a field of study of PLATNTS by definition.

PAW: CAT

Do you see that PAW is a body part of a CAT ?

MUMBLE: SPEAK

Do you see that to MUMBLE is to SPEAK indistinctly (It shows manner)

DRILL: BORE

Do you see that a drill is a tool used to BORE holes?

PAINTER: BRUSH

Do you see that a painter uses a brush?

DOVE: PEACE

Do you see that a dove is the symbol peace?

 COLT: STALION

A COLT is a young STALION

COW: OX

A Cow is a female as opposed to an OX

RECIDIVIST: BACKSLIDER

A RECIDIVIST is a backslider or a habitual offender.

LION: CARNIVOR

A Lion is meat-eating animal or a carnivore.

AMPHIBIAN: FROG

A frog is an example of an amphibian.

Well, you have now come to learn how you can make sentences that show relation between the capitalized
word pairs. As you can observe in the examples given above the relations may be of: class, definition,
manner, degree, Time sequence, spatial sequence, sex, function, worker and tool, worker and place, tool and
its action, antonyms, synonyms etc

After you make sentence that correctly shows the relation between the capitalized word pairs, your next task
is to select the word pair that expresses similar relation to that of the capitalized word pair study the following
examples to see how you can work out the items.

1) HELMET: HEAD
A. pedal foot B. gun: hand
C. breast plate: chest D. pendent: neck
Helmet protects your head from dangers. Check out the sentences:
-Pedal protects your foot from danger – no
-Gun protects your hand from danger – No
-Breast plate protects chest from danger – Yes
-Pendant protects your neck from danger – No
Therefore the correct answer is C
2) CARPENTER : SAW
A. lawyer brief B. Painter: brush
 C. stenographer: type writer D. seamstress: scissors
A saw is a tool used by a carpenter to cut things used by a seamstress for cutting.
D is the correct answer
3) ARCHITECT: BUILDING:: SCULPTOR: _______
A. museum B. stone
C. chisel D. statue
An architect designs buildings. Apply the sentence to the words given. The right one is sculptor designs
statues.
‘D’ is the correct answer
4) SCALES : JUSTICE::
A. weights: measures B. laws: courts
C. torch: liberty D. Balance: equity
SCALES are a symbol of justice. Apply the sentence to the words given. Yes! Torch is a symbol of
liberty.
‘C’ is the correct answer.
5) FOX: CUNNING
A. dog: playful B. hyena: amusing
C. colt: sturdy D. Beaver: industrious
Fox is cunning (Its behavior / quality) like a beaver which is industrious (hard working) as its
behaviors / quality.
‘D’ is the correct answer
6) RUBBER: PLASTIC
A. paper: brittle B. diamond: hard
C. metal: heavy D. dust: allergic
Rubber is plastic in its quality. Try applying the sentence to the rest of the pairs.
-paper is brittle – no
-Diamond is hard - yes
-Metal is heavy – may be
-Dust is allergic – may be
‘B’ is the correct answer
7) METAPHOR: FIGURATIVE::
A. fable: contemporary B. Epic: literal
C. irony: dramatic D. precept: instructive
 Metaphor is an example of figurative speech like a precept as an example of instructive (written
commands)
8) EAR : LISTEN::
A. eye: see B. nose: odor
C. mouth: chew D. lung: breath
Ear is the organ we use to listen. Apply the same sentence. Eye is the organ we use to see.
A’ is the correct answer.
9) BUZZ : BEE::
A. ring: explosion B. croak: frog
C. lion: roar D. echo: sound
Buzz is the sound bees make. Let’s make the sentences with the words given:
Ring is the sound explosions make – No.
Croak is the sound frogs makes - Yes
Lion is the sound made by roar – No
Echo is the sound sounds make – ?
Don’t let the in correct order fool you as in choice ‘C’ - it would be right if the order of words were
reversed.
‘B’ is the correct answer.

Test yourself (I)

Directions: choose the alternative that manifests the relationship between the capitalized word pairs.

1. QUOTATION : QUOTATION MARKS

A. question mark: question B. clause: semicolon
C. remark: colon D. a side: parenthesis
2. RANGE : MOUNTAINS
A. string: beads B. novel: short stories
C. sea: rivers D. atlas: maps
3. HOBBLE : WALK
A. gallop: run B. shift: smell
C. stammer: speak D. stumble: fall
4. INFALLIBLE : ERROR
A. irreversible: cure B. invulnerable: emotion
C. impeccable: flaw D. intolerable: defect
 5. PRICK : STAB
A. scrub: polish B. disregard: ignore
C. moisten: drench D. enclose: confine
6. RUNG : LADDER
A. foundation: skyscraper B. cable : elevator
C. storey: building D. plot: outline
7. VINDICTIVE : MERCY
A. insightful: hope B. modest: dignity
C. skeptical: trustfulness D. pathetic: sympathy
8. COMPASS : NAVIGATION
A. pilot: flight B. time: clock
C. camera: photography D. physician: disease

Answers
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. C 8. C

Test yourself (II)

1. FLOWER: BUD:: FRUIT: ________

A. seed B. Tree
C. flower D. stem
2. TABLE: WOOD:: SHIRT: ________
A. cotton B. cloth
C. Dress D. Uniform
3. JACKAL: HOWL:: COW: ________
A. ox B. milk
C. heifer D. Moo
4. COLLEGE: TEACHERS:: HOSPITAL: _________
A. Doctors B. Patients
C. Medicine D. Beds
5. HORSE: HOOF:: EAGLE: _________
A. Clutch B. Leg
C. Foot D. Claw
6. SMOKE: POLLUTION:: WAR: __________
A. Defeat B. Treaty
 C. Destruction D. Victory
7. METAL: CONDUCTION:: PLASTIC: __________
A. Inflammability B. Ductility
C. Insulation D. Industry
8. SEA: SHIP:: ROAD: __________
A. Traffic B. Travelers
C. Journey D. Bus
9. NUN: CONVENT:: HEN: _________
A. Nest B. Shed
C. Cell D. Cote
10. READING: KNOWLEDGE:: WORK: _________
A. Satisfaction B. Experience
C. Money D. Employment
Answers
1. A 6. C
2. A 7. C
3. D 8. D
4. A 9. D
5. D 10. C

Antonyms

This section tests your ability to supply a word which has opposite meaning to the capitalized one. Most of the
words that appear in this item are not usually ordinary . As a result, you may find it hard to even guess at the
meanings of not only the capitalized word but also the ones given in the choices. You should ,therefore, be
good at your vocabulary to increase your chance of getting the right answer. To help you prepare for the
exam, you are given with a list of words that frequently appear in SAT.

Here are some examples with explanations. Learn how you should workout the items.

1. DISPARITY:
A. timidity C. complacency
B. likeness D. influence
Disparity means difference. The opposite word is likeness ‘B’ is the correct answer
2. CRITICAL
 A. unimportant C. silent
B. uncertain D. destructive
Critical means extremely important the opposite word is unimportant.
3. OPPONENT:
A. educator C. adherent
B. witness D. witness
Opponent means one who is rival / who opposes. The opposite word is adherent which means one who
supports an idea
‘e’ is the correct answer
4. AMBIGUITY
A. Clarity C. success
B. extent D. normality
Ambiguity means confusion, not being clear. The opposite word is ‘clarity’ which means clear. ‘A’ is
the correct answer
5. DISJOINTED
A. implied C. connected
B. useful D. responsible
Disjointed means not connected. The opposite word is connected. ‘C’ is the correct answer.
6. DEMOLISH:
A. impair C. generate
B. endorse D. destroy
Demolish means destroy. The opposite word is generate, which means ‘produce’
7. BIASED:
A. unfair C. inclined
B. partial D. impartial
Biased means inclined, unfair or partial. The opposite word is impartial, which means not biased or
neutral.
The correct answer is ‘D’
8. LAVISH:
A. awful C. economical
B. exorbitant D. extravagant
LAVISH means extravagant / requiring a lot of money; therefore, the opposite word is ‘economical’
which means wise use of money (not extravagant) not spreading too much. The correct answer is ‘C’
9. CORRUPT:
 A. reliable C. principled
B. undisciplined D. dishonest
CORRUPT means one who doesn’t follow principles or respect laws, abuses power. The opposite
word in ‘principled’.
The correct answer is ‘C’
10. TRANSIENCE:
A. permanence C. originality
B. slowness D. perfection
Transience means temporary. The opposite word is permanence. The correct answer is ‘A’

Test yourself (I)

Choose the word or phrase that is opposite in meaning to the word in capital letter.

1. COMPLY
A. agree C. refuse
B. appreciate D. rebel
2. INVIGORATE
A. activate C. strengthen
B. weaken D. disturb
3. HIGH-HANDED
A. short-handed C. dynamic
B. hard-handed D. reasonable
E. dejected
4. JEOPARDIZE
A. protect C. attack
B. endanger D. risk
5. MEAGER
A. inadequate C. plentiful
B. copious D. paltry
6. POTENT
A. ineffectual C. efficient
B. powerful D. ignorant
7. LACKLUSTER
A. superficial C. abundant
 B. vibrant D. complex
8. INSERT
A. adhere C. extract
B. admit D. boost
9. MELANCHOLY
A. esteemed C. insanity
B. exuberant D. fragile
10. MOURNFUL
A. informal C. joyous
B. private D. appropriate

Test yourself (II)

1. AUTONOMY
A. dependence C. democracy
B. animation D. altruism
2. DEPRECATE
A. chastise C. propagate
B. commend D. malign
3. STINGY
A. magnanimous C. frugal
B. diligent D. impoverished
4. OBLITERATE
A. extirpate C. lacerate
B. forge D. exculpate
5. COMPOSE
A. prevent C. strengthen
B. show D. disturb
6. CANDOR
A. veracity C. sincerity
B. dishonesty D. diplomacy
7. INDULGE
A. abstain C. ignore
B. obsessed D. regress
 8. WARY
A. cautious C. prudent
B. confident D. scrupulous
9. INFIRM
A. feeble C. robust
B. weak D. hospitable
10. INDECISIVE
A. exhaustive C. embracing
B. inconclusive D. uncertain
Answer Key (Antonyms)
(I)
1. D 6. A
2. B 7. B
3. D 8. C
4. A 9. B
5. C 10. C
(II)
1. A 6. B
2. B 7. A
3. A 8. B
4. B 9. C
5. D 10. A

SYNONYMS

In this section you are asked to choose a word which is similar in meaning to the capitalized one. Just like the
antonym section, you will face words which are not common. So you may find it harder to select the right
choice if you are not good at vocabulary. The following examples will help you study how the items are
presented and answered.

Directions: Choose the synonym of the capitalized word.

1. GULLIBLE
A. credible C. believable
B. credulous D. honest
 Gullible means who easily believes. The synonym is credulous which means same. ‘B’ is the correct
answer.
Credible means believable / plausible
2. OBSTINATE
A. conceited C. insane
B. stubborn D. aged
Obstinate means difficult to convince or change his/her mind. ‘Stubborn’ is the synonym. Conceited
means opinionated. Insane means crazy not healthy.
3. STINGY
A. magnanimous C. pig-headed
B. tight-fisted D. generous
Stingy means mean, frugal, tight fisted, thrifty. ‘B’ is the correct answer. Pig-headed means stubborn;
magnanimous means generous.
4. ALLEVIATE
A. aggravate C. invigorate
B. mitigate D. debilitate
Alleviate means reduce the intensity. Mitigate has the same meaning. So ‘B’ is the answer. Invigorate
means activate. Debilitate means weaken and aggravate means increase the intensity of bad things.
5. HASTEN
A. accelerate C. falsify
B. inhibit D. slow
Hasten means make quickly. The synonym is accelerate which means increase the speed. Inhibit
means hinder or restrain ‘A’ is the answer
6. SINCERE
A. arrogance C. shocking
B. injurious D. earnest
Sincere means truthful ,candid, honest . Earnest means same. ‘D’ is the correct answer.
7. SPORADIC
A. united C. confined
B. scattered D. restricted
Sporadic means random or scattered. ‘B’ is the correct answer. Confined to a place means restricted
or limited to a place.
8. FALLACIOUS
A. deceptive C. sincere
 B. modest D. accurate
Fallacious means misleading or deceptive. Modest means humble. ‘A’ is the correct answer.

Test yourself

Directions: choose the synonym of the capitalized word.

1. RENOVATE
A. debilitate C. defame
B. renew D. demolish
2. VIVACIOUS
A. amiable C. lively
B. temerarious D. stubborn
3. HILARIOUS
A lugubrious C. taciturn
B. merry D. Acerbity
4. ASSIDUTY
A. dumbness C. crooked
B. delusion D. diligence
5. FORTITUDE
A. candid C. debility
B. abstemious D. strength
6. INCESSANT
A. unceasing C. plenitude
B. exorbitant D. sporadic
7. INFALLIBLE
A. unerring C. interminable
B. delinquent D. delinquent
8. AFFLUENCE
A. arrogant C. opulent
B. munificent D. cupidity
9. DUBIOUS
A. ambiguous C. unanimous
B. lucid D. clarity
10. INEBRIATED
 A. intimidated C. acerbity
B. verity D. intoxicated
11. VITATE
A. deficiency C. affirm
B. corrupt D. Endeavour
12. ACCESSORY
A. mandatory C. additional
B. essential D. accidental
13. IMPECCABLE
A. blameless C. everlasting
B. erroneous D. innocuous
14. CUPIDITY
A. ignominy C. animosity
B. covetousness D. veritable
15. PARSIMONIOUS
A. ingenuous C. frugal
B. insouciant D. innoxious
Answer Key
1. B 6. A 11. B
2. C 7. A 12. C
3. B 8. C 13. A
4. D 9. A 14. B
5. D 10. D 15. C

Language use

In this section, sentences with a particular way of expression or with a phrasal or idiomatic expression are
given. You are expected to decide on the meaning of these under lined expressions. In most cases the context
of the sentence provides you with enough clues to guess the meanings of the words. Study the following
examples:

1. You are just flogging the dead horse trying to convince your wife to believe me. She never trusts me.
A. to do the right thing B. to kill a horse
C. to do something in vain D. to do the best

To flog the dead horse means to do something that can’t happen. The correct answer is ‘C’
2. If would be a big ask for me to score full marks in SAT as I barely know most of the words in it.
A. a good opportunity B. a difficult thing to achieve
C. the easiest thing D. unexpected

If something is ‘a big ask’ it is something very hard to get or to do. The correct answer ‘B’

3. The old man living next door kicked the bucket.

A. died C. was furious
B. played football D. retired

To kick the bucket means to die or pass away. The correct answer is ‘A’

4. Don’t beat about the bush! Tell me what exactly happened!

A. Don’t be conceited B. Come to the point
C. Don’t go to the bushes D. Don’t worry
To beat about the bush means to approach something in an indirect manner. The correct answer is
‘B’.
5. I should go to the USA by hook or crook!
A. by studying hard C. by plane
B. at all costs D. early
‘by hook or crook’ means by any means fair or foul / at all costs/ no matter what it takes. The correct
answer is ‘B’
6. My mom is sick of watching me use the internet all the time.
A. very ill C. happy with
B. bored with D. confused
To be sick of something or someone means to be tired of / bored with/ to be fed up with. The correct
answer is ‘B’.
7. John is so tight-fisted! I know him very well! He will never buy you anything.
A. generous C. naïve
B. very strong D. frugal
Tight-fisted means mean, fugal, and thrifty. The correct answer is ‘D’
8. She will get over the illness soon! Don’t worry!
A. recover from C. catch
B. suffer from D. pass
Get over means recover from. The correct answer is ‘A’
9. The government must work hand in glove with the people to realize a better success.
A. together with B. irrespective of
 C. without the knowledge of D. ignoring
Hand in glove means closely (together with) … the correct answer is ‘A’
10. I’m crossing my fingers that I will pass the National exam and join the university.
A. I lost all hopes C. I’m worried
B. I hope D. I’m clapping
To cross one’s fingers means to expect something better will happen / to wish better things / to
express hope. The correct answer is ‘B’.
Other forms of language use questions would be sentence comprehension as in the following examples.
Directions: choose the one which means the same as the sentence given.
1. ‘Should he call, let me know’ means________________.
A. He should call.
B. I want you to tell me if he calls
C. He called me but I didn’t know
‘Should he call,’ means ‘if he calls’ or If he should call → It is an inverted order of probable
condition. ‘B’ is the correct answer.
E.g. If she should come,
If she comes, all are same
Should she come,
2. Had we agreed, we could have started the project.
A. we have started the job even if we don’t agree.
B. we didn’t start the job because we didn’t agree.
C. we didn’t start the job although we agreed
This is an impossible condition (type iii) where it stated a past unreal condition, with an unfulfilled
result. Had we agreed, = If we had agreed, This also is an inverted order.
E.g. ‘If she had gone’ and ‘ Had she gone,’
The correct answer is ‘B’.
3. Despite our effort, we lost the game.
A. we made effort but we lost the game
B. we should make efforts order not to lose
C. we didn’t make effort so we lost the game
‘Despite’ ,like in spite of, however, although etc ,expresses contrast or opposition.
E.g. Despite our effort, = Although we made efforts, =
The correct answer is ‘A’.
4. But for your help, she would have died
 A. She world die if you don’t help her.
B. Even though you helped her, she died.
C. She didn’t die because of your help
‘But for’ means ‘except for’. The correct answer is ‘C’.
Test yourself (I)
1. He is surprised by his friend’s attitudes! She gave him the cold shoulder for over two weeks.
A. slapped him on the face B. ignored him
C. insulted him D. lived with him
2. The court declared the act null and void.
A. illegal C. acceptable
B. legal D.
3. I will try to put my ideas in a nut shell! Just lend me your ears!
A. in brief C. in writing
B. in detail D. orally
4. You should move heaven and earth to escape from this challenge in your business to become successful
A. go to space C. make all efforts
B. pay money D. pray
5. Don’t ever darken my door again. I don’t want you come to me!
A. visit me C. give me a call
B. knocks at my door D. talk to me
6. Your house is spick and Span! I liked it!
A. very big C. very small
B. clean D. beautiful
7. Skinny fits are the order of the day; that why we see almost
A. outdated C. obsolete
B. immoral D. the fashion of the day
8. My room is at sixes and sevens! Someone must have messed it up!
A. cozy C. in disorder
B. so big D. bright
9. She works day and night to make both ends meet
A. to pay he debts B. to get married
C. to keep the expense within the income D. in order to be rich
10. The little girl escaped the car accident by the skin of the teeth.
A. by chance C. by far
 B. narrowly D. with a little injury
Test yourself (II)
1. Unlike many of my friends I never read fiction books.
A. I read fiction books.
B. All my friends read fiction book.
C. All my friends don’t like reading fiction books.
D. Many of my friends read fiction book.
2. No sooner had he left than she arrived.
A. she arrived immediately after he left
B. As soon as he left she arrived.
C. While he was leaving she was arriving.
3. Elda is sick and tired of her boss
A. Elda has the flu
B. Elda’s boss is sick
C. Elda fed up with her boss
4. In spite of my invaluable advice, she barely improves her bad habits.
A. she improves her bad habits thanks to my advice
B. She doesn’t improve her bad habits even though I gave her good advice
C. My advice was valueless, so she can’t improve her bad habit.
Answer Keys
Test yourself I
1. B 6. B
2. A 7. D
3. A 8. C
4. C 9. C
5. A 10. B
Test yourself II
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. B
Sentence completion
In this section you will be presented with a sentence or a short paragraph with one or two blank spaces. You
are expected to choose words which can make the sentence or the text meaningful. In order to work out such
items you need to understand the meaning of the sentence or the texts as a whole by replacing the words given
as alternatives. Most of the time links /conjunctions are helpful to make the task easier.
Study the following examples:
Direction: choose a word or words that make the sentence or text complete.
1. We need more men of culture and enlightenment; we have too many _______ among us
A. visionaries B. students C. pragmatists D. philosophers E. philistines
The correct answer is ‘E’. Philistine means lacking in appreciation for art or culture. Pragmatists are
ones who act in a practical or real manner
2. Over indulgence _________ character as well as physical stamina
A. strengthens B. stimulates C. debilitates D. maintains E. provider
Over indulgence is a negative factor and what are stated after the blank are the outcomes if they are
accompanied by a negative word. The correct answer is ‘C’. Debilitates means weakens or enfeeble
3. The young man was quickly promoted when his employers saw how __________ he was.
A. indigent B. indifferent C. assiduous D. lethargic E. cursory
The young man was promoted due to something good he has or he did. We need a positive word that
describes him.
The correct answer is assiduous means diligent / industrious.
4. The revolution in art has not lost its steam; it _______ on as fiercely as ever.
A. trudges B. meanders C. edges D. ambles E. rages
Trudge means a long and tiring walk. ‘to meander’ means to wind / turn or twist. to amble means to
stroll or walk slowly & leisurely.
‘to rage’ means to move with great violence. Therefore, the best possible answer is ‘E’ because of the
comparison word ‘as ever’
5. __________ by nature, Johns spoke very little even to his own family members.
A. garrulous B. equivocal C. taciturn D. arrogant E. gregarious
John speak very little because he is ‘taciturn’
Taciturn means reserved as opposed to garrulous which means talkative. Arrogant means
immodest /conceited/ high-handed. gregarious means outgoing or sociable. The correct answer is ‘A’.
6. Biological clocks are of such ________ adaptive value to living organisms, that we would expect most
organisms to ____________ them.
A. clear – avoid B. meager – evolve C. significant –
eschew
D. obvious – possess E. ambivalent – develop
 ‘To eschew’ means ‘to avoid’ to ‘shun’. Ambivalent means contradictory /opposing; meager means
poor, scanty, paltry, inadequate, and unsatisfying. Therefore, the best possible answer is ‘D’.
7. The student was extremely fool hardy; he had the ________ to question the professor’s judgment
A. wisdom B. temerity C. interest D. trepidation E. condescension
Fool hardy is a key word here. It means reckless, bold, daring, and foolish. Trepidation means
fearful / concern / hesitation.
Temerity means recklessness, boldness, foolish bravery / fool hardiness / audacity. Condescension
means the act of descent.
Therefore, the correct answer is ‘B’.
8. Even after a century of __________ investigation, the relation of the solar cycle to terrestrial weather
remains ____________.
A. meticulous – apparent B. cursory – clear C. sedulous – pertinent
D. extensive – enigmatic E. scientific – unobserved
Meticulous means precise / careful / rigorous. Sedulous means constant, steady. Enigmatic means
mysterious / variant.

‘Even’ shows some kind of contrast and emphasis so you need to choose the word pair that establishes
contrast in the given sentence.
The correct answer is ‘D’.
9. His listeners enjoyed his ________ wit but his victims often ________ at its satire.
A. lugubrious – suffered B. caustic – laughed C. kindly – smarted
D. subtle – smiled E. trenchant – winced
The correct answer is ‘E’. Learn the meanings of the words: Lugubrious means mournful / gloomy;
Caustic means sharp / bitter ;Subtle means crafty / skillful ; Trenchant means articulate;
Winced means show gesture of distress.
10. The reasoning in this editorial is so ________ that we cannot see how anyone can be deceived by it.
A. coherent B. astute C. cogent D. specious E. dispassionate
Specious – seemingly well -reasoned / factual but actually fallacious; Astute means shrewd / crafty
Cogent means reasonable / convincing
If they can’t see how deceiving it is, then the reason was specious. The correct answer is ‘D’.

Test yourself

Directions: choose a word or words that make each sentence or text complete.
1. There is a great unevenness in his later plays; there are moment of the greatest _______ in the midst of
great ________.
A. Lucidity – enlightenment B. insight – banality C. obscurity – ambivalence
D. profundity – wisdom E. frivolity – triteness
2. The explorer was unable to ______ his thirst at the stream since an enraged grizzly bear barred the way.
A. assuage B. parch C. savor D. describe E. attenuate
3. The peasants were the least ________ of all people, bound by tradition and ________ by superstitions.
A. free – fettered B. enfranchised – rejected C. enthralled – tied
D. pinioned – limited E. conventional – encumbered
4. The distinctive qualities of African music were not appreciated or even _______ by westerners untidy
fairly recently.
A. deplored B. revered C. ignored D. neglected E. perceived
5. Although the economy suffers down turns, it also has strong _________ and self – correcting
tendencies.
A. unstable B. recidivist C. in auspicious D. recuperative E. self –
destructive
6. The sugar dissolved in water _________; finally all that remained was an almost _________ residue on
the bottom of the glass.
A. quickly – lumpy B. immediately – fragrant C. gradually –
imperceptible
D. subsequently – glassy E. spectacularly – opaque
7. I have no ________ motive in offering this advice; I seek no personal advantage or honor.
A. nominal B. altruistic C. incongruous D. disinterested E. ulterior
8. The orator was so _________ that the audience became ________
A. soporific – drowsy B. inaudible – elated C. pompous – bombastic
D. dramatic – affable E. convincing – moribund
9. The teacher accused me of ________ because my essay was so similar to that of another student.
A. procrastination B. plagiarism C. celerity D. confusion E. decorum
10. Thankfully the disease has gone in to ________; it may not recur for many years.
A. treatment B. sequestration C. quarantine D. remission E. oblivion
Answer Key (sentence completion)
1. B 6. C
2. A 7. E
3. A 8. A
 4. E 9. B
5. D 10. C

Logical Reasoning

Here, you are given with a statement followed by two or three conclusions. Based on the statement, you are
expected to tell which one, two and / or three conclusions follow logically.

Remember that logical reasoning questions evaluate your ability to analyze, critically evaluate and complete
arguments as they occur in ordinary language. The questions are based on short arguments drawn from a wide
range of source like newspapers, magazine, publications, advertisements etc.

Study the following examples:

1. If there are no dancers that aren’t slim and no singers that aren’t dancers, then which statements are
always true?
A. There is not one slim person that isn’t a dancer
B. All singers are slim
C. Anybody slim is also a singer
D. None
Answer :

The best way to do such items is to make some kind of diagram to establish the right relationship
between the groups. As you can see the correct answer is ‘B’ (All singers are slim)

2. Dan is Joshua’s son and Guy’s brother. Margaret is Guy’s mother and Judy’s daughter. Which of the
statements below is definitely true?
A. Judy is Dan’s mother – in – law
B. Margaret is Dan’s mother
 C. Judy is Joshua’s grand mother
D. None of the above
Dan and Guy are brothers, but it is not possible to tell whether they are from same parents or not.
There is a possibility that Margareth, Guy’s mother may not be Guy’s father. Therefore, the correct
answer is ‘D’.

Test yourself (Logical Reasoning)

Directions: Choose the correct answer based on the following dialogue.

Tom: Pure research provides us with new technologies that contribute to saving lives. Even more
worthwhile than this, however, is its role in expanding our knowledge and providing new,
unexplored ideas.

Jack: your priorities are mistaken. Saving lives is what counts most of all. Without pure research,
medicine would not be advanced as it is.

Tom and Jack disagree on whether pure research _____

A. Derives its significance in part from its providing new technologies

B. Expands the boundaries of our knowledge of medicine.
C. Should have the saving of human lives as an important goal.
D. Has its most valuable achievement in medical applications
E. Has any valve apart from its role in providing new technologies to save lives.

Answer : Tom identifies two contributions of pure research – its medical application and its role in expanding
knowledge and providing new ideas. He thinks the second one is more worthwhile. Jack, however, thinks
saving lives because of medicine should be more important.

Therefore, the correct answer is ‘D’.

Model Test I

Analogy

Directions: A related pair of words written in capital letters is followed by four pairs of words or phrases.
Select the pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original capitalized pair.
 1. POLES: MAGNET
A. Battery: Cells C. Terminals: Battery
B. Power: Charge D. Energy: Generator
2. PEACE: CHAOS
A. Manufacture: Trade C. Build: Construct
B. Creation: Destruction D. War: Conflict
3. ARCHITECT: BUILDING
A. Sculptor: Statue C. Chisel: Blacksmith
B. Museum: Curator D. Carpenter: Saw
4. SCRIBBLE: WRITE
A. Shout: Sound C. Walk: Dance
B. Stammer: Speak D. Cry: Weep
5. Jeopardy: Peril
A. Jealousy: Envy C. Secure: Endanger
B. Desire: Hatred D. Romance: Pity
6. NOVICE: LEARNER
A. Harbinger: Messenger C. Robber: Security
B. Thief: Guard D. Greenhorn: inexperienced
7. LIGHT: BLIND
A. Language: Deaf C. Voice: Vibration
B. Tongue: Sound D. Speech: Dumb
8. BACTERIA: DECOMPOSITION
A. Oxygen: Treatment C. Yeast: Fermentation
B. Antibiotic: Injection D. Volcano: Eruption

Antonyms

Directions: Questions 9 -13 consist of words printed in capital letters followed by four words or phrases.
Choose the word or phrase that is mostly nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.

9. MELANCHOLY
A. Exuberant B. Composed C. Lugubrious D. Esteemed
10. INFIRM
A. Hospitable B. Equestrian C. Tremulous D. Robust
11. REFINED
 A. Suave B. Indolent C. Cultured D. Boorish
12. ALTRUISM
A. Malevolence B. Churlishness C. Largess D. Bombast
13. CHEERFUL
A. Winsome B. Doctrinaire C. Morbid D. Livid

Synonyms

Directions: Questions 14 -18 consist of words printed in capital letters followed by four words. Choose the
word that is most nearly similar in meaning to the word in capital letters.

14. PERFIDIOUS
A. Dangerous B. Deceitful C. Dashing D. Daunting E. Demonic
15. LICENTIOUS
A. Official B. Promiscuous C. Treacherous D. Disloyal E. Illegal
16. MUNIFICENCE
A. Generosity B. City government C. Dullness D. Finance E. Jurisprudence
17. DECREE
A. Hinder B. Consider C. Purchase D. Command
18. NADIR
A. The peak B. Masculinity C. A good feeling D. The lowest point E. Success

Language Use

Directions: Each of the questions below (Questions 19 - 21) consists of underlined phrase or word. From the
given alternatives, choose the one that most nearly has the same meaning as the underlined phrase or word.

19. Bankrupt millionaire says he is not afraid to start the business from the scratch.
A. up to the usual standard B. with other friends
C. from the beginning D. alone
20. There were hair raising performances on the show that everyone was amazed.
A. annoying B. saddening C. boring D. exciting
21. There is no point discussing the matters as they are cut and dried.
A. unimportant B. already decided C. past D. hard
Directions: Answer questions 22 - 23 by selecting the choice that carries the closest meaning to the given
sentence.

22. It is high time we moved to our home

A. we went to our home
B. we should go to our home
C. It is very late to go to our home
D. It has been a very long time since we went home.
23. Had it not been for your help, I couldn’t have started the business.
A. I started the business thanks to your help.
B. Even though you helped me, I couldn’t start the business
C. You didn’t help me to start the business.
D. If you had helped me, I would have started the business.

Sentence Completion

Directions: Each sentence (Questions 24 - 28) below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that
something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are four words or sets of words. Choose the word or set of
words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole

24. Because the boy had told so many ____________ tales about seeing wolves, none of the villagers
believed him when he actually did see a wolf.
A. fallacious B. verifiable C. scrupulous D. fictitious E.
concrete
25. When he was young he _____________ ideas of becoming a doctor; however, he was __________ by
his father who wanted him to join the family business.
A. harbored – backed B. entertained – dissuaded C. produced – critical
D. repudiated – deterred E. eschewed – encouraged
26. Even though the auditor________ the accountant, his reputation was _________ by the allegations of
fraud.
A. vindicated – enhanced B. indicated – blemished C. betrayed – ruined
D. exonerated – tarnished E. cleared – condoned
27. In a fit of ____________ she threw out the valuable statue simply because it had belonged to her ex-
husband.
 A. pique B. good will C. contrition D. pedantry E.
prudence
28. There have been great __________ since his time, but few others have felt so strongly the _________
of human existence
A. pessimists – futility B. skeptics – exaltations C. optimists – tremulousness D.
cynics - joy

Answer Key

Model Test 1

Analogy

1. The correct answer is ‘C’.

 Poles are the two opposing sides of a magnet just like terminals (two opposite sides) of a battery
2. Peace is the opposite of chaos like creation is the opposite of destruction. The correct answer is ‘B’
3. An architect deals with structure of buildings as a sculptor who deals with statues.
4. To scribble is to write with difficulty manner like to stammer is to speak with difficulty. The correct
answer is ‘B’.
5. Jeopardy means peril (danger) just like jealousy means envy. They are synonyms.
The correct answer is ‘A’.
6. Novice means learner (with little or no experience) like green horn which also means inexperienced.
Both pairs are synonyms. Therefore, the correct answer is ‘D’.
7. A Blind person is not able to sense (see) light like a dumb who is not able to listen to speeches. The
correct answer is ‘D’.
 ‘Dumb’ means ‘deaf’
8. Bacteria are involved in decomposition of dead people or animals just like yeast is involved in
termination. The correct answer is ‘C’.

Antonyms

9. Melancholy means a deep feeling of sadness, mournful, somber and the opposite word should be
exuberant which means full of energy, excitement and happiness. The correct answer is ‘A’.
 Lugubrious – gloomy, mournful
 Esteemed – respected
 10. Infirm means ill / sick and weak the opposite word is robust, which means active, strong, virile. The
correct answer is ‘’.
 Hospitable – cordial and generous towards guests, favorable
 Equestrian – a horse rider
 Tremulous – trembling, quivering or shaking, timid.
11. Refined means polite, well-educated, cultured, gentle the opposite word is boorish which means very
unpleasant and rude.
 Suave – charming, confident and elegant
 Indolent means lazy, procrastinating
12. Altruism – the fact of caring about the needs and happiness of other people more than your own. The
opposite word is malevolence which means a desire to harm other people, malicious, wicked
 Malevolence – opposite of benevolence (altruism)
 Largess – generosity, graciousness, benevolence
 Churlishness –being rude, stingy, ungracious
 Bombast – High-sounding words, inflated style
13. Cheerful means smiley or happy the opposite word is livid which means extremely angry or furious.
 Winsome – charming, inspiring trust and approved
 Doctrinaire – a person who stubbornly holds to his or her philosophy or opinion regardless of its
feasibility
 Morbid – mentally-ill, Gruesome, grisly, sickening

Synonyms

14. Perfidious means one that cannot be trusted. The synonym is deceitful one who deceives or cheats.
 Daunting – discouraging, inspiring fear
 Dashing – spirited, audacious, fashionable
 Demonic – pertaining to demons
15. Licentious means behaving in a way that is considered sexually immoral. The synonym is
promiscuous which means having many sexual partners.
 Treacherous – deceitful, inclined to betray, unreliable
 Disloyal – absence of loyalty, faithless, traitorous
16. Munificence means generosity. The correct answer is ‘A’.
17. Decree means order or command. The synonym is ‘command’ under choice ‘D’.
18. Nadir means the worst moment of a particular situation. The synonym is ‘D’.
  Nadir is the opposite zenith (the peak)

Language use

19. From the scratch means from zero or from the beginning. The correct answer is ‘C’.
20. Hair-raising means exciting, mind-blowing, amazing, excellent, the correct answer is ‘D’.
21. Cut and dried means already decided. The correct answer is ‘D’.
22. It’s high time means it is desirable to do something.
It’s high time you call him.
 You should call him.

It’s high time they helped me.

 They should help me.

The correct answer is ‘B’.
23. The expression
‘Had it not been …’ is the inverted order of the impossible condition ‘If it had not been …….’

Impossible condition
1. If you had studied, you would have passed.
Meaning – I didn’t study, so I didn’t pass.
2. If she had come, I would have met her.
Inversion: Had she come, I would have met her.
(When you invert the subject – verb order avoid using ‘if’) the meaning remains same.
The meaning in impossible condition is the opposite of what is written. The correct answer is ‘A’.
24. The correct answer is ‘D’. fictitious means fake; untrue … none of the villagers believed him …
 Verifiable – able to be verified or confirmed
 Scrupulous – meticulous, worried, ethical, fair-minded
25. The correct answer is ‘B’. The key word here is the link ‘however’ which introduces contrasting idea.
 Harbor – to hold or persistently entertain in one’s mind
 Dissuade – persuade or convince
 Repudiate – to reject the truth or validity of something (disown)
 Deter – prevent something from happening discourage
 Eschew – to avoid, to shun
 26. The correct answer is ‘D’. Here, the key expression is ‘even though’ which introduces contrasting
idea. Therefore, look for words that fulfill the contrasting ideas of the clauses.
 Vindicate – to clear from an accusation, suspicion or criticism
 To avenge, to punish
 Blemish – a small flaw which spoils the appearance of something.
 Betray – to prove faithless or treacherous
 Ruined – destroyed or decayed
 Exonerate – to relieve someone of a burden, to free from obligation (acquit)
 Tarnish – damage
 Condone – to forgive, excuse, overlook
27. The act of throwing the statue because it belonged to ex-husband shows enmity. The correct answer is
‘A’.
 Pique - a feeling of enmity, animosity
 Contrition – sincere remorse / feeling or regret
 Pedantry – excessive attention to details or rules
 Prudence – carefulness, discretion, wisdom, considerateness
 Good will – favorably disposed attitude towards something or so
28. ????????????????????
Pessimist – one who sees the dark side of things
Futility – the quality of being useless
Skeptics – someone who habitually doubts beliefs and claims
Exaltations – elevation – the state of raising high
Optimist – one who sees the good side of things
Tremulousness – the state of trembling, quivering, shaking
Cynics - satirical

Test 2

Analogy

1. EXPEL: SCHOOL
A. export: factory C. exile: nation
B. study: school D. lecture: college
2. MICROPHONE: LOUD
A. plastic: stretch C. microscope: magnify
 B. police: investigate D. camera: pictures
3. COUNTRY: PRESIDENT
A. state: prime minister C. city: legislator
B. state: governor D. parliament: MP
4. INDOLENCE: WORK
A. cheat: trust C. ignore: neglect
B. taciturn: speak D. prudence: knowledge
5. GULLIBLE: DUPED
A. credible: cheated C. malleable: molded
B. careful: cautioned D. articulate: silenced
6. HORNS: BULL
A. mane: lion C. hoofs: horse
B. wattles: turkey D. antlers: deer
7. LACHRYMOSE: TEARS
A. effusive: request C. verbose: words
B. ironic: jests D. profound: sighs
8. CITADEL: DEFENSE
A. warehouse: storage C. gazebo: refuge
B. chapel: refreshment D. rampant: supervision

Antonyms

9. PARSIMONIOUS
A. appropriate B. generous C. complete D. outgoing
10. LIMBER
A. orderly B. durable C. gloomy D. stiff
11. ABROGATE
A. signify B. alleviate C. question D. ratify
12. RADICAL
A. liberal B. obsolete C. conservative D. typical
13. AMPLIFY
A. magnify B. withdraw C. intensify D. lessen

Synonyms
 14. NADIR
A. the peak B. a good feeling C. the lowest point D. success
15. CAPITVLATE
A. own B. decrease C. over turn D. surrender
16. EXCEPTIONAL
A. extremely generous C. unusually good
B. not included D. very friendly
17. ECSTATIC
A. animated B. bewildered C. enraptured D. willful
18. DILIGENT
A. hard working B. inventive C. brilliant D. progressive

Language Use

Directions:

19. My better half will come to your party

A. best friend B. children C. wife D. business partner
20. You should work harder and save some money for the rainy days
A. summer times B. prosperous times C. difficult times D. leisure times
21. We are in the same boat! No one passed the exam among our friends.
A. in a boat trip B. in the same bed situation C. sinking D. having fun
22. He’ll soon spill the bears! I tell you; you can’t put your trust on him.
A. leave B. become opponent C. release the secret D. eat beans
23. If you expect a thousand dollars from me, you are asking for the moon, I’m afraid.
A. right B. looking for the impossible C. kidding D. reasonable

Sentence Completion

24. Member is always ___________ about showing up for work because she feels that tardiness is a sign
of irresponsibility.
A. legible B. tolerable C. punctual D. literal
25. The movie offended many of the parents of its younger viewers by including unnecessary __________
in the dialogue.
A. vulgarity B. verbosity C. garishness D. vocalization
 26. A ________ statement is an _________ comparison = it does not compare things explicitly; but
suggests a likeness between them
A. sarcastic – unfair C. metaphorical – implied
B. blatant – overt D. sanguine – inherent
27. Measurement is like any other human endeavor, a complex activity, subject to error, not always used
_____________, and frequently misinterpreted and ______________.
A. properly – misunderstood C. innovatively – refined
B. systematically – organized D. erratically – analyzed
28. The college professor was known on campus as a ___________ character – bland but harmless and
noble in his ideals.
A. staid B. stagnant C. auspicious D. sterile E. dogmatic

Answer key (Test 2)

Analogy

1. To expel from school is to send out of the school as a form of punishment. Just like to exile from a
country or nation. ‘C’ is the correct answer.
2. Microphone is an instrument used to make sounds louder like a microscope which is an instrument
used to make things magnified. (bigger)
3. A president is one who leads a country like a governor leads (governs) a state. The correct answer is
‘B’.
4. Indolence is the state of being unable to work like taciturn is the state of being unable to speak. The
correct answer is ‘B’
 Indolence means being lazy; Prudence – wisdom, knowledge
5. Duped means able to be deceived
A gullible person may be duped like a malleable thing can be molded. The correct answer is ‘C’.
 Malleable means flexible, liable to change, able to be shaped or molded
 Articulate means clear, effective (in speaking); Gullible means credible – one who is easily
convinced.
6. Horns are parts of the head of a bull like antlers are parts of the head of a dear. The correct answer is
‘E’.
7. Lachrymose means one who is full tears or in remorse like verbose one who is full of words (uses
words more than necessary).
  Effusive means gushy, unrestrained, extravagant, excessive; Ironic means sarcastic; Jests
means joke; Profound means very deep;
 Verbose means containing more words than necessary
8. Citadel means a strong hold or fortress for a deference of a place like a warehouse which is used for
storage
 Gazebo is a type of summer-house; Rampant means unchecked, occurring widely
 Chapel is a place of worship (smaller than a church)

Antonyms

9. Parsimonious means frugal, stingy or penurious. The antonym or opposite word is ‘generous’ under
choice ‘B’.
10. Limber means flexible, pliant, and bendable. The opposite word (antonym) is ‘stiff’. ‘D’ is the
correct answer
 Gloomy means dejected, not cheerful; Durable means lasting, enduring; Stiff means rigid,
inflexible
11. Abrogate means abolish, nullify, invalidate, repeal, revoke the opposite word is ‘ratify’ under
choice ‘D’
 Ratify means to make valid, approve; Alleviate means reduce or mitigate; Signify means to give
meaning or importance
12. Radical means favoring fundamental change. The opposite word is ‘conservative’ under choice
‘C’.
 Conservative means traditionalist, tending to resist change; Obsolete means old-fashioned,
outdated, old;
Typical means normal, average, to be expected; Liberal means unrestrained, licentious, open-
minded, and permissive.
13. Amplify means to enlarge by addition or discussion or increase the intensity, the antonym of this
word is ‘lessen’ under choice ‘D’.
Lessen means reduce, to make less.

Synonyms

14. Nadir means the lowest point; time of greatest depression, the synonym is ‘C’. Nadir is the opposite
zenith / peak
15. Capitulate means give up or to end all resistance. The synonym is ‘surrender’ under choice ‘D’.
 16. Exceptional means outstanding, not ordinary, uncommon, superior, egregious. The synonym is
‘C’.
17. Ecstatic means extremely happy, blissful, elated, delirious, joyful, euphoric, joyous, delighted.
The synonym is ‘enraptured’ under choice ‘C’. Enraptured means filled with delight or joy.
Bewildered means confused, baffled, at a loss.
18. Diligent means hard working, responsible, industrious, and assiduous. The correct answer is ‘A’.

Language Use

19. ‘Better half’ means ‘wife’. The correct answer is ‘C’

20. ‘Rainy days’ refers to time of difficulty or problem. The correct answer is ‘C’.
 Palmy days means time of prosperity the opposite of rainy days
21. To be in the same boat means to be in the same misfortune or difficult situation. The correct
answer is ‘B’.
22. ‘To spill the beans’ means to release secrete. The correct answer is ‘C’.
23. ‘To ask for the moon’ means to expect the impossible. The correct answer is ‘B’.

Sentence Completion

24. The clue of this sentence is the reason provided ‘because she feels that tardiness is a sign of
irresponsibility’ ;then she does the opposite.
 Tardiness means lateness and the opposite is punctuality. Therefore the correct answer is C’.
25. The fact that the parents are offended implies that unnecessary (rude) words are involved. The correct
answer is ‘A’. Vulgarity means rude or not having good test.
26. What express things showing some likeness but not explicitly comparing is metaphor.
E.g This girl is a bee! This doesn’t mean that the girl is actually a bee but suggest that the girl is as
busy as a bee.
 Sarcastic means irony, insincere, satire; Blatant means obvious; Overt means open, not secret or
concealed; Sanguine means confident, animated, assured, optimistic; Inherent means intrinsic.
The correct answer is ‘C’.
27. The correct answer is ‘A’. The best clue here is the conjunction ‘and’. You need to use a word that
goes with the other word before the conjunction ‘and’.i.e misinterpreted and misunderstood
 innovative means characterized by the creation of new ideas; refined means without impurities,
showing good feeling; erratically means unsteadily or randomly, unpredictably
 28. The expression ‘… bland but harmless and noble in his ideas’ is a very good clue as it define the
professor. Look for the word which means what is stated. The correct answer is ‘C’.
 Staid means serious, organized, professional, composed Opposite fanciful, volatile, wild;
Auspicious means favorable, promising, of good omen, marked by success; Sterile means barren,
infertile, unable to reproduce; Dogmatic means opinionated, dictatorial; Bland means mild,
gentle, smooth, soft, and suave

Model Test 3
Analogy
1. HORSE: MARE
A. fox: vixen C. dog: puppy B. duck: geese D. donkey: pony
2. GRAIN: SALT
A. chip: glass C. shred: wood B. blades: glass D. shard: pottery
3. DISTANCE: MILE
A. sound: radio C. scale: weight B. liquid: liter D. fame: television
4. FILTER: WATER
A. curtail: activity C. edit: text B. expunge: book D. censor: play
5. FLEXIBLE: RIGID:: CONFIDENCE:
A. diffidence C. cowardice B. indifference D. scare
6. MIND: BODY
A. water: air B. CPU: Hard disk C. ship: old D. software: computer
7. FRUIT: BANANA
A. mammal: cow C. bird: fly B. Snake: reptile D. fish: swim
8. Foresight: Anticipation:: Insomnia:
 A. treatment C. sleeplessness B. unrest D. activity
Antonyms
9. RELINQUISH
A. Deny C. Renounce B. possess D. Abdicate
10. UNKEMPT
A. tawdry C. unwashed B. neat D. bombed
11. HOLISTIC
A. negative C. piecemeal B. improve D. negative
12. INDOLENT
A. diligent C. inert B. lazy D. idle
13. VACANT
A. occupied C. unknown B. open D. real
Synonyms
14. ADMONISH
A. reprimand C. curse B. dismiss D. punish
15. OBSOLETE
A. latest C. up to date B. out dated D. recent
16. AMEND
A. improve C. repeal B. abolish D. avoid

17. INDUSTRIOUS
A. lethargic C. lazy B. diligent D. inactive
18. FRAUDULENT
A. just C. deceitful B. fair D. sincere
Language Use
19. It is raining eats and dogs! I can’t go out!
A. cats and dogs are seen on the sky B. It is raining heavily
C. It is raining slightly D. It is very hot
20. Don’t let the cat out of the bag - our boss is leaving the company!
A. Don’t misunderstand B. Don’t release the secret
C. the cat should be in the bag D. don’t disturb
21. The coach of the National Team was given the sack!
A. He was given bonus B. He renewed his contract
C. He was fired D. He got prize
22. Would you please put what you are saying in a nut shell!
A. in brief B. in detail C. in black and white D. in pictures
23. Keep your bad friends at an arm’s length!
 A. at a distance B. close C. with yourself D. in your arm
Sentence Completion
24. Because the boy had told so many __________ tales about seeing wolves, none of the villagers believed him
when he actually did see a wolf
A. fallacious C. fictitious B. verifiable D. concrete
25. A (n) __________ spirit only causes more stress and strife; it is better to forgive and forget
A. apathetic C. vindictive B. promising D. flaccid
26. Studded starfish are well protected from most __________ and parasites by __________ surface whose studs
are actually modified spires.
A. dangers – a vulnerable B. predators – an armored
C. threats – a fragile D. challenges – an obtuse
27. Measurement is, like any other human endeavor, a complex activity, subject to error, not always used
____________, and frequently misinterpreted and _____________.
A. mistakenly – derided B. erratically – analyzed
C. systematically – organized D. innovatively – refined E. properly – misunderstood
28. Although he was theoretically a friend of labour, his voting record in congress _________ that impression.
A. implied C. confirmed B. created D. belied E. maintained

Answer key Model Test 3

Analogy
1. Mare is a female horse as vixen is a female fox.
Learn these:
Masculine feminine Masculine feminine
Horse mare Bull cow
- Bachelor spinster /maid Cock hen
- Dog bitch Fox vixen
- Monk nun Nephew niece
- Bill goat nanny goat Gentleman lady
- Goose gander Colt filly
- Widower widow Wizard witch
- Bride bridegroom Drone bee
2. Grain is a single particle of a substance like salt
i.e a grain of salt / sand etc.
 a chip is a small piece of solid material.
 Shard is a piece of broken glass or pottery
  Shred is a long narrow piece cut or torn off
 Blade is sharp cutting age of a knife or other tools, or the narrow leaf of a grass or cereal.
The correct answer is ‘D’.
3. Distance is measured in mile just like liquid is measured in liters. The correct answer is ‘B’.
4. To filter water means to make it free from unwanted substances just like to censor plays to avoid unwanted
issues. The correct answer is ‘D’.
5. Flexible is the opposite of rigid as confidence is the opposite of diffidence, which means lacking confidence;
 Diffident – timid
 Indifference – unbiased, impartiality
 Cowardice – lack of courage, timidity
 Scare - worry
6. Mind is the thinking part, unseen, untouched part of the body like software is the untouched part of a computer,
which is the body.
The correct answer is ‘D’.
7. Banana is an example of fruit like a caw is an example of mammals. The correct answer is ‘A’.
 Don’t let choice ‘B’ fool you! You should be cautious of the direction of the statement.
Can a reptile be an example of a snake? No.
But a snake is an example of reptiles. The order is reversed; hence, can’t be answer.
8. Foresight is anticipation. They are synonyms like insomnia is sleeplessness. They have same meaning.

Antonyms
9. Relinquish means give up, abandon, Let go, and the opposite word is ‘posses’. The correct answer is ‘B’.
 Renounce means give up, surrender, abandon
 Abdicate means surrender, renounce or relinquish
10. Unkempt means untidy, dirty and the opposite word is neat. ‘B’ is the correct answer
 Tawdry – cheap
 Neat means clean.
 Bombed – in a poor condition
11. ‘Holistic’ means relating to a study of the whole instead of a part and its antonym is ‘piecemeal’ which means
piece by piece.
12. Indolent means lazy and its antonym is diligent which means hard working.
13. Vacant means not occupied or empty and its opposite is ‘occupied’.
Synonyms
14. Admonish means warn, notify, instruct or reprimand and the synonym is given under choice ‘A’.
15. Obsolete means old, old fashioned, no longer in use and its synonym is out dated under choice ‘B’.
 Up to date means latest, recent, and new
16. Amend means to make better, improve, ameliorate, or correct and its synonym is given under choice ‘A’.
  Repeal means cancel, annul, invalidate
17. Industrious means hard working, diligent and its synonym is given under choice ‘B’.
18. Fraudulent means dishonest and its synonym is deceitful, under choice ‘C’.
Language Use
19. To rain cats and dogs means to rain heavily and incessantly. The correct answer is ‘B’.
20. To let the cat out of the bag means to release secret. The correct answer is ‘B’.
21. To be given the sack means to be sacked or fired from a job. The correct answer is ‘C’.
22. To put (it) in a nut shell means to present ideas in few words, in brief, in short or in a concise manner.
The correct answer is ‘A’.
23. At an arm’s length means at a distance and not close. The correct answer is ‘B’.
Sentence Completion
24. The fact that none of the villagers believed him shows that he told them lies, fake stories. The word which best
completes the sentence is fictitious, which means fake and not true. The correct answer is ‘C’.
25. Not to forget and forgive is a character of a vindictive person and what causes stress and strife is a vindictive
behavior based on the context. The correct answer is ‘C’.
 Apathetic – passionless, void of feeling, indifferent
 Promising – encouraging, inspiring confidence
 Flaccid – lacking energy, soft, floppy

26. The correct answer is ‘B’. Here, the key word is the link ‘and’ it joins words and ideas that
 go together – choose a word that goes with ‘parasites’ which attack. The other word should indicate a form of
protection based on the context.
 Predators – animals that hunt or kill others
 Armored – covered with armor (protective layer of the body)
 Vulnerable – exposed to danger or attack
27. The correct answer is ‘E’.
 Derided – ridiculed
 Erratically – unsteadily, randomly, unpredictably
 Refined – without impurities, showing good feeling
28. The correct answer is ‘D’. The conjunction ‘although’ is a key word showing contrast or opposition.
 Look for a word against theoretically a friend of labour.
 Belied – represented false impression, contradict

Model Test 4
Analogy
1. CRICKET: PITCH
A. ship: dock B. boat: harbor C. boxing: ring D. wrestling: track
2. DIVA: OPERA
A. thespian: play B. director: drama C. producer: theatre D. conductor: bus
3. MUNDANE: SPIRITUAL
A. common: ghostly B. worldly: unworldly C. routine: novel D. secular: clerical
4. CORPOREAL: SPIRITUAL
A. mesa: plateau B. moron: savant C. foreigner: immigrant D. pedagogue: teacher
5. FOX: CUNNINGE:: RABBIT
A. courageous C. timid B. dangerous D. ferocious
6. COMPETITION: CONTESTANT
A. trial: witness B. journey: traveler C. royalty: monarch D. election: candidate
7. WING: AIR
A. arm: hand C. flipper: water B. lung: breath D. engine: jet
8. Food: stomach:: fuel:
A. plane C. engine B. truck D. automobile
Antonyms
9. Accord
A. act C. policy B. dissent D. concord
10. INDOLENT
A. lazy C. idle B. active D. sluggish
11. CANDID
A. frank C. insincere B. outspoken D. plain
12. NOVICE
A. veteran C. recruit B. green horn D. inexperienced
13. HOSTILE
A. solitary C. arrogant B. clever D. friendly
Synonyms
14. TENACITY
A. ingratitude C. perseverance B. tendency D. splendor
15. FATAL
A. deadly C. dangerous B. serious D. grievous
16. OBSTINATE
A. active C. stubborn B. energetic D. timid

17. SLY
 A. cunning C. gullible B. sincere D. fool
18. VIVACIOUS
A. lovely C. indolent B. lively D. generous
Language Use
19. Mr. James is a hard nut to crack! It is useless to expect him accept what you tell him.
A. hard to convince B. gullible C. unbelievable D. a polite person
20. The thief was caught red-handed steeling the money!
A. caught fire B. escaped
C. was caught while doing the act of stealing D. was never seen
21. It had been a month of Sundays until we met!
A. a very long period of time B. a very short time
C. good time D. bad time
22. Rafael Nadal threw in the towel when he found it hard to respond to Novak Jokovic’s serves during the USA
open last week.
A. crossed his fingers B. admitted defeat
C. took a rest D. had fallen to the ground
23. I’m in the doldrums! I don’t think I can work well on the peoples now.
A. out of sorts B. out of the country C. excited D. in excellent condition
Sentence Completion
24. Although a few years ago the fundamental facts about the milk way seemed fairy well ________, now even its
mass and its radius have come into ____________.
A. determined-resolution B. ignored-danger
C. problematic-prominence D. established-question
25. Iodine deficiency is __________ in these remote mountain regions; however, it is no longer __________ in the
lowlands where iodized salt is available
A. recorded-unusual B. rare-sporadic
C. eradicated-common D. endemic-prevalent E. diagnose-controlled
26. If there is nothing to absorb the energy of sound waves, they travel on ________, but their intensity
___________ as they travel further from their source.
A. erratically-mitigates B. eternally-alleviates
C. forever-increases D. steadily-stabilizes E. indefinitely-diminishes
27. To __________ a congressional bill, the president must use his official seal on all documents.
A. nullify B. victimize C. ratify D. patronize
28. Hamdu has few friends because he is _________ and cares only about himself.
A. mundane B. garrulous C. voracious D. egocentric

Answer key
 Test 4
Analogy
1. Pitch is a place where cricket is played like a ring where boxing is played on. The correct answer is ‘C’.
2. Diva refers to any female celebrity usually a well known singer of opera.
3. Mundane means worldly, earthy, and it is the opposite of spiritual. Like the word pairs under choice ‘B’.
4. Corporeal means tangible, physical or material and it is the opposite of spiritual (intangible or incorporeal)
like the pair of words under choice ‘B’.
 Moron means idiot, a person with very low intelligence
 Savant means a person of learning, one who is versed.
5. Fox is characterized by cunning quality like a rabbit is characterized by timidity. The correct answer is ‘C’.
6. Contestants are persons involved in a competition like candidates who are involved in election. The correct
answer is ‘D’.
7. Wings are used to fly in the air like flippers are used to swim in the water. The correct answer is ‘C’.
8. Stomach is a body part which holds and digest food we eat like engine which takes fuel and makes use of it.
The correct answer is ‘C’.

Antonyms
9. Accord means agreement, consent and its antonym is dissent which means disagreement.
10. Indolent means lazy, idle, inactive or inert and its opposite is active under choice ‘B’.
11. Candid means sincere, open, frank and its antonym is ‘insincere’ under choice ‘D’.
 Plain means frank, open, blunt, candid, outspoken
12. Novice means recruit, beginner, inexperienced, amateur, greenhorn and its opposite is ‘veteran’ under choice
‘A’. Veteran means experienced.
13. Hostile means unfriendly and its antonym is friendly, under choice ‘D’.
 Arrogant means conceited, high-handed and it is the opposite of humble & modest.
Synonyms
14. Tenacity means adhesiveness, persistency, cohesiveness, viscosity and its synonym is perseverance under
choice ‘C’.
 Perseverance means persistent determination to adhere to a plan of direction
 Ingratitude means absence or lack of gratitude
 Tendency means inclination
 Splendor means magnificent appearance or display, great fame or glory
15. Fatal means causing death or destructive and its synonym is deadly, under choice ‘A’.
 Grievous means causing grief, pain or sorrow or serious, grave or dangerous
16. Obstinate means stubborn, inexorable and its synonym is given under choice ‘C’.
 Timid means shy
17. Sly means cunning, mischievous, witty, crafty, shrewd and its synonym is given under choice ‘A’.
  Gullible means credulous, one who is easily deceived or duped.
18. Vivacious means lively, animated, energetic, vibrant, high-spirited, exciting, or ebullient and the synonym is
given under choice ‘B’.
 Indolent means lazy
Language Use
19. A hard nut to crack means a person difficult to convince or string difficult to deal with. The correct answer is
‘A’.
20. To be caught red-handed means to be caught on the very act of committing a crime. The correct answer is ‘C’.
21. A month of Sundays means an indefinitely long period of time. The correct answer is ‘A’.
22. To threw in the towel means to admit defeat. The correct answer is ‘B’.
 To cross one’s fingers means to wish for the best
23. To be in the doldrums means to be out of sorts, to be in low spirit
Sentence Completion
24. The conjunction ‘although’ is a clue to decide on the pair of words that should be used. As it expresses
opposition or contrast the words should maintain contrast. The correct answer is ‘D’.
25. Here, too the link ‘However’ gives a clue that the clauses are contrasting. The pair of words must express
opposition. The correct answer is ‘D’.
 Endemic means prevalent in a particular area
 Prevalent – widespread, superior or dominant
26. The correct answer is ‘E’
 Erratically – unsteadily /randomly/ unpredictable
 Eternally – for eternity, forever, indefinitely
 Mitigates – relieve, lessen, and decrease
 Alleviate – relieve, mitigate, Ease
 Diminish – to become smaller, to disappear gradually
27. The correct answer is ‘C’.
To ratify means to give formal consent or approve.
 If the president uses his official seal then he is approving it.
 Nullify means invalidate opposite of ratify
28. One who cares only about himself is egocentric, selfish or self-centered. Therefore the correct answer is ‘D’.
 Mundane means worldly, earthly, banal & boring
 Garrulous means excessively talkative
 Voracious means having a great appetite for anything