COMPILATION OF THE HOLY QURAN

Q1. Give an account of haw Quran was complied in the years following the Prophet’s death?
OR
Q2. Give an account of how Quran developed into book form?
OR
Q3. Trace the main stage in the compilation of the Quran in the time of the Caliphs Abu Bakr
and Usman?
OR
Q4. Write about the methods used to compile the Quran in to a book after the death of Prophets?
OR
Q5. Write about a preservation of the Quran in the form of the Mushaf held by Hafsa?
OR
Q6. Describe the ways in which Abu Bakr, Umar and Usman were involved in the compilation
of Quran?
Marking Key
During the Caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr.

➢ Quran was revealed and preserved during the lifetime of the Prophet Pbuh.
➢ Not present in form of book.
➢ Death of Prophet Pbuh and the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr.
➢ Rise of many problems.
➢ Problem of false Prophets.
➢ Battle of Yamama.
➢ Death of Companions.
➢ Fear of losing the content of Quran.
➢ Advice by Hazrat Umar.
➢ Reluctance on part of Hazrat Abu Bakr.
➢ Ijma of Companions.
➢ Decision of Compilation.
➢ Zaid bin Sabith and the committee.
➢ Preparation of the first copy.
➢ In possession of Hazrat Abu Bakr then Hazrat Umar and then Hazrat Hafsa.
➢ Mushaf ul Hafsa.
During the caliphate of Hazrat Usman.
➢ Expansion of Islamic Empire during the caliphate of Hazart Umar
➢ Islam was accepted by non Arabic communities.
➢ Different dialects of Arabic.
➢ Quranic recitation in different dialects.
➢ All unauthentic copies were destroyed.
➢ New copies were prepared from Mushaf ul Hafsa.
➢ Distribution of new copies.
➢ Efforts were made to bring all Muslims toi uniform reading of Quran.
➢ Hazrat Usman is referred to as Jami ul Quran.
➢ * For answers of these Questions we need to refer to topic of complilation of Holy Quran
during the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr and Hazrat Usman.

REVELATION OF QURAN BETWEEN 610 AD AND 633.

Q1. The angel Jibrael brought the revelation of the Quran to the Prophet (Pbuh) at
different times and places? Give example to show how this took place?

OR

Q3. Write about the Prophet’s different experience of revelation after the first revelation?

1. Incident of the first revelation in the cave of Hira.

2. Allah gave the Holy Prophet instructions to preach Islam in three different stages.

➢ Stage 1: Preaching to the closest family members and friends, “O thou wrapped up
in a mantle. Arise and deliver the warning.”
➢ Stage 2: Order of preaching to relatives, “admonish your kinsmen.”
➢ Stage 3: Open preaching, “expound openly.”

3. His stay in Makkah and the revelation of Quran.

➢ Allah initially sent those verses which talked about the basic principles of religion
such as unity of Allah and life after death.
➢ When the Holy Prophet started preaching Islam, many people turned against him
and began persecuting. In these times the revelations were focused on consoling the
Prophet and the followers (Surah Kauser+ Surah Duha)
 ➢ The enemies of Islam persecuted the prophet and his followers so much that he
advised to them to migrate but Allah sent him a revelation revealing a secret plan of
murder that the Quraish had made for Prophet (pbuh). (Ayat about the plotting by
the Quraish)
➢ There is also a revelation about Prophet’s stay in the cave of Saur during his
journey to Yasrib

4. When the Holy Prophet migrated to Yasrib he received many revelations form time
to time.

➢ Instructions about Zakat and Fasting.

➢ Permission of Jihad.
➢ At the end of battle of Badr many revelations came to emphasize upon Allah’s favor
during the battle and how to Muslim conduct should be in the battle field.
➢ Revelations came to tell the Muslims about their mistakes in the battle of Uhud.
➢ Revelations concerning battle of trench, treaty of Hudabiya, the conquest of
Makkah, Battle of Hunain.
➢ Revelations came to provide guidance in social, economical, political and ethical
matters.
➢ A large number of verses dealt with the relationship between the Muslims, the Jews
and the Christians.

5. The last Revelation in the plain of Arafat to announce the compilation of the religion.

Q1. The first revelation came to the Prophet Muhammad in 610. Describe his experience of
this event?

➢ Talk about his dissatisfaction with the religious beliefs and practices of the people of Makkah.
➢ Talk about his habit of retiring of the cave of Hira.
➢ Describe the main event with all details.
➢ Talk about his feelings and sensations.
➢ Talk about the immediate events involving Hazrat Khadija and Warqa bin Nofl.
Q2. Write an account of the ways in which the Quran was revealed to the Prophet between the
years 610 and 632?

OR

Q. Give an account of how Quran was first revealed to the Holy Prophet (Pbuh)?

➢ First revelation.
➢ Continuity of revelation for 23 years.
➢ Last revelation.
➢ Feelings + sensations.
➢ Arrangements of verses (people + objects)
➢ Order of Surahs.
➢ Prophet’s practice in Ramadan.
➢ His actions in last Ramadan.

IJMA

Q1. ‘My community will never agree upon an error’. In your opinion why is this Hadith
important for the consensus ( ijma)?

➢ This Hadith gives legitimacy to practice ijma. It means it is in the light of this Hadith that the
later Muslims agreed to make laws through mutual consensus.
➢ This Hadith also tells that the religion of Islam gives Permission for democratic approach to
decide matters that are not dealt with in the Quran and Sunnah.
➢ This also tells that man has the ability to derive guidance based on collective intelligence. In
areas where Divine guidance is not available, man is absolutely capable of making decisions
using his wisdom and vision through a consensus of opinion.
➢ This hadith also suggest that the chances of error are minimized when a group of scholars well
versed in the teachings of the Quran and Hadith reach a decision in the light of primary sources
of Islamic laws.
➢ This Hadith emphasizes upon the point that the religion of Islam is meant for all times to come.
This practice actually keeps Shariah in tune with time.
Q2. How easy is to use Ijma in Islamic legal thinking today?

➢ Ijma is the consensus of the majority opinion of Muslim Jurist it is thus binding on
Muslim and leaves no room for controversy.
➢ Ijma is conducted on major issues on which there are less chances of conflict as Muslim
ummah is divided on minor issues.
➢ Presence of technology makes discussions easy e.g. internet forums, video calls for
scholars etc.
➢ Availability of modern transportation also makes it easy for the jurists to gather at a place
and discuss matters quickly e.g. Hold conference/decide about changes.
➢ It is also necessary to reach decisions on major issues such as IVF in recent times. It
should be done to deal with new problems that concern Muslims living in any part of the
world.
➢ It is also easy when it is of national level means involving in issue that concerns people in
one country or region only.

Difficulties:

➢ Scholars belonging to different schools of Islamic thought possess different points of

view on matters of concern. Reaching a consensus with such diverse perception and
interpretation is highly difficult.
➢ Muslim ummah his spread too much to different parts of the world. Coordinating and
such a large scale requires many resources such as finance, time etc.

Q3. How is the use of ijma (consensus) important to Muslims today? [4]
OR
Q. What is the importance of consensus (ijma) in Islam? [4]

➢ It is used when primary sources of Islam (Quran & Sunnah) are silent.
➢ It brings loyal experts together.
➢ It promotes unity & integrity.
➢ It’s reflective of the democratic spirit of Islam.
➢ It allows various scholars to sit together and make collaborative efforts to tackle
challenges of changing times.
➢ Man has been sent to this world with an extraordinary ability to think and reason to reach
conclusive decision. There are many matters in life in which human reasoning helps
human beings make appropriate decision without having to wait for Divine guidance.
When such matters arise in which decisions could be made through human reasoning
alone, Ijma emerges as an important source to decide matters through mutual
consultation.
 ➢ Ijma also shows the universal nature of Islam. Quran was revealed 1400 years ago. There
are many changes that have come around in the world which pose new questions for
which answers are not given in the Holy Quran. The permission to carry out Ijma allows
the believers to make to Islamic teachings relevant to all times and save them from
becoming outdate.

Q6. How important is the use of Ijma’ Islamic law in present day situation? Give reasons for
your answers? [4]

Important:

➢ To decide matters not dealt with in the Quran and Sunnah.

➢ To keep unity and intertie of Muslim Ummah.
➢ To resolve new issues like the permissibility of IVF.
➢ To make the religion of Islam relevant to all times.

Q7. ‘By using the principle of analogy (Qiyas) the basic laws of Islam can be applied at any time
and in any case.’ Do you agree?

Ans: Classical example of the application of Qiyas is the method of manufacturing alcohol.
When the verses declaring khamr (wine) as Haram were revealed, alcohol was prepared from
date palms or vine (grapes). As new methods were discovered to manufacture alcohol (e.g.
vodka) all alcoholic drinks were declared Haram or forbidden because the ‘Illa or common
ground between all forms is that they all case intoxication.

Q8. Some Muslims scholars have questioned the use of analogy (Qiyas) in Islamic law. Why do
you think they have done so? [4]
OR

Q. Why do some legal scholars reject the use of analogy? (Qiyas) [4]

➢ Candidates should not just describe what qiyas is but focus their answer on why some
Muslim scholars have questioned the use of qiyas.
➢ They could possibly say that identifying the ’illa (cause) as the link between asl
(root/fundamental teaching) and far’ (branch/new matter in question) can depend on the
insight and ingenuity of the individual expert, as he identifies the link, other experts
may disagree with him and there may be major divergences of opinion, especially if
some see one link ‘illa, between the asl and the far’, and some see another and say that
this is a major reason why Muslim scholars question the use of qiyas.
➢ Candidates could give an example to explain this point though it is not necessary to get
to the top level.
➢ Shi’Is Muslims have expressed more unease with the use of qiyas than many Sunnis,
because qiyas can be subjective and in its place accept the use of aql/reason which is the
judgment of the legal expert on the basis of the Qur’an, sunna, and consensus.
 ➢ Shi’is have always agreed that the duty of the expert is to keep to the way set by the
Imams in making decisions. It is possible to reach the top mark by giving either the
Sunni or the Shi’I view. It is the clarity in the answer which will gain the higher levels.
➢ Qiyas is the fourth source of Islamic law that is employed in legal thinking when other
sources (Quran, sunnah and Ijma) are silent about a new and challenging situation (far).
➢ It took its origin from Iraq that was emerging as a new centre of legal thinking in the
early history of Islam.
➢ The community of Madina, therefore, was reluctant to acknowledge Qiyas as a source
of Islamic law.
➢ It was because Qiyas involves too much individual exercise and the scholar has to exert
a lot of intellectual effort to find the material similarity in order to establish a final
ruling (Hukum)
➢ Such an individual effort may create confusion and conflicts in some cases.

Q10. Do you think that both Ijma’ and Qiyas are equally important for solving present day
issues? Give the reason for you answer. [4]

Q. Give an example to show how Quran could be used to carry out Qiyas? [4]

➢ Qiyas is analogical deduction on to find a solution to a new problem by comparing it with

an existing legislation from the Holy Quran and Sunnah.
➢ The new question or problem is referred to as far (branch/new matter in question). For
example what is the status of cocaine which is a new drug not present at the time of the
Prophet Pbuh.
➢ The jurist then looks for an asl (root/fundamental teaching) to reach a conclusion. In this
case, the Quranic injunction about wine being declared as unlawful serves as asl.
➢ The jurists then establishes the ‘illa (cause) as the link between asl (root/fundamental
teaching) and far’ (branch/new matter in question). In this case the intoxicating effect will
be established as illa (cause).
➢ Finally, a hokum (new ruling) is made to declare cocaine as an unlawful drug.

Q. ‘By using the principle of analogy(Qiyas) the basic laws of Islam can be applied at any
time and in any case.’ Do you agree? [4]

➢ Candidates can either agree or disagree with this statement.

➢ Those who agree can say that new rulings can be formed for any new circumstance, based
on their basic similarity with the basic law of the Qur’an and sunna.
➢ In this way the divine laws revealed in the Qur’an and sunna remain unchanged without
becoming outdated.
 ➢ The fundamental laws were made by God who created man knows what’s best for him at
all times. For changing aspects of human life, the Qur’an and sunna provide basic
principles which may be applied by analogy whenever the need arises e.g. the issue of
drugs could be cited, cocaine was not present in the Prophet (Pbuh) time so is its use
allowed? The Prophet (pbuh) had said, ‘Every intoxicant is khamr,, and every khamr is
haram’ so every intoxicant is unlawful is a conclusion that could be derived at by the use
of analogy.
➢ Some answers may put forward an opposing argument stating that some schools of
thought may disagree with the given statement as qiyas depends very much on the ability
of a legal expert to find comparisons between two principles.
➢ Because it is practiced by individuals it causes unease to some Muslims as it does not have
the same broad support, as the other three sources.
➢ Whatever the view of the candidates it needs to be backed with evaluation to get the
higher level.

Use of Quran in Legal Thinking

Q. Write about how the Qur’an is used with the other three sources in Islamic law? [10]

Q. The Qur’an is the main source of Islamic law. Write an account of how it is used with each of the
other three sources? [10]

➢ The Holy Quran, last revealed book by God on Muhammad (pbuh), is the foundation of our
religion and the fountain of Islamic law. It is a complete book for the guidance of mankind.
➢ It is the first source if Islamic law. It is said in the Holy Quran:
“O you who believe Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger and those charged with authority
among you. If you differ in anything among yourselves. Refer it to Allah and his Messenger” (Al-
Nisa 4.59).
➢ This verse confirms the validity of Quran as a first source of Islamic law. It is the primary, original
and fundamental source from which all principles, ordinances and injunctions of Islam are
drawn. The Holy Quran is a book that provides knowledge about right and wrong, the lawful and
the unlawful. All basic principles of Islamic shariah are contained in this book.
➢ As a source of Islamic law, the Holy Quran is used in two different ways. Firstly, it clearly lays
down the basic laws concerning different aspects of life without depending on any other source
of law. Secondly, it only provides an outline and leaves the details up to other sources to help
jurists deduce law by using other sources together with the Holy Quran.
➢ In first case, the Holy Quran serves as a sole source for deriving Islamic law. The Quranic law
deals with all major aspects of life in which some legislation is needed such as religious, moral,
social, economic, political, penal and other laws.
➢ On religious matter it outlines fundamental beliefs and practices. For beliefs, it is said, “It is
righteous to believe in Allah and the last day and the angels and the book and the messengers”
(2:177). There are repeated instructions ordering the beliefs to perform religious obligations
with responsibility and care such as prayer, zakat, fasting and haj.
➢ On moral matter, the Quran gives legislation related to unethical matters of life concerning
immodesty, adultery, use of intoxicants, gambling and many others, The Quran not only
declares these activities as unlawful but also provides the details about the punishments to be
given to the offenders involved in such acts.
➢ The social life seems to be lying at the hearts of the Holy Quran. Family law is fairly exhaustive.
The institutions like marriage, divorce and the behavior toward family members is regularly
emphasized upon in the Quran at various places. The rights of fellow beings are guarded by the
Quran. It clearly states how our behavior should be towards women, relatives, neighbours,
strangers, poor, needy and orphans. The Quran says, “… treat with kindness your parents,
kindred, orphans, and those in need.”
➢ On economic side, it emphasizes the importance of hard work and dignity of labour. It declares
theft, gambling, charging of interest and bribe to be serious offences and outlines punishment
for all those who are involved in these wrong practices. With regard to fairness in business
transactions, the Quran orders the believers to “give full measure when they measure and to
see that the balance is straight.”
➢ All other important aspects of life in which legislation was needed are dealt with in Quran in
detail and no other source is needed for further explanation. However, there are many matter
on which the Quran either talks briefly or remains silent. In such cases, the Muslims jurists refer
to other sources of Islamic law I relation with the Holy Quran.
➢ Another primary source that jurists refer to is sunnah of the Holy Prophet pbuh. There are many
matters in the Holy Quran that require further explanation, restrictions and specifications.
Muhammad pbuh as the last Prophet of Allah serves as an authentic source to decide such
matters. For examples details about the observances and conditions of religious obligation of
Zakat and Namaz are provided by the sunnah of the Holy Prophet pbuh. Matters related to the
implementation of the punishment of cutting hands for theft are dealt with in Hadith concerning
which hand to cut and to what extent the hand should be cut.
➢ There are two other secondary sources of Islamic law that are used to make laws concerning
matters that are new and not dealt with in the Holy Quran and Sunnah of the Prophet pbuh.
However, it must be noted that these secondary sources operate within the boundaries set by
the Holy Quran. This is because it’s the Holy Quran itself that guides and permits the jurists to
make laws using ijma and qiyas. In ijma, the jurists decide those matters with mutual
consultation which are not dealt with in the Holy Quran and Sunnah. However, it must be noted
that the rulings made through ijma are based on the existing Quranic rulings be it the decision
about the compilation of Quran during the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr or the one concerning
the permissibility of *IVF (in vitro fertilization) in recent times. All decisions that are made
through ijma should always agree with the Quran. Any contradiction with the Quran would
make ijma invalid.
➢ As for the qiyas, the analogical deduction is made in the light of an existing law either from the
Holy Quran or Sunnah. For example the decision about the status of cocaine was made by
comparing it with the existing Quranic legislation concerning wine. As wine is declared unlawful
by the Quran, an analogical deduction was made for cocaine and this new drug was declared
unlawful due to similar efforts. In case of qiyas, the original case is supposed to have a ruling
based on the Quran and therefore the ruling on the new case will also have its basis in Quranic
sources.
➢ *IVF = IVF stands for in vitro fertilization. It’s one of the more widely known types of assisted
reproductive technology (ART). IVF works by using a combination of medicines and surgical
procedures to help sperm fertilize an egg, and help the fertilized egg implant in your uterus.

Themes of the Quran

Allah in Himself Allah and the Created World Allah’s Messengers

➢ Ayat ul kursi
➢ Surah Fatiha ➢ Verses from Baqarah
➢ Verses from Anaam
➢ Verses from Baqarah ➢ Verses from Maidah
➢ Verses from Fussilat ➢ Verses from Alaq ➢ Verses from Anaam
➢ Verses from Shura ➢ Surah Zilzal ➢ Surah Kausar
➢ Surah Ikhlas ➢ Surah Nas ➢ Surah Doha
 ALLAH IN HIMSELF

Q. Using the passages you have studied write about the main teachings about God in the Quran? [10]

1. Quran teaches that Allah is the one and only.

➢ Surah Ikhlas clearly states that He is Ahad (the one and only) with no hint of plurality.
➢ He is not answerable to anyone. (No father, no spouse).
➢ He does not have son to inherit His kingdom (Ikhlas and Anaam).

2. Quran tells us that Allah is absolute and eternal.

➢ Ayat-ul-kursi tells us that He is not dependent on anyone.

➢ He is not sustained by anyone.
➢ He is free from death or any other such weakness.

3. He is Unique.

➢ Surah Anaam tells us that no one can see Allah or understand Him.
➢ Ayat-ul-kursi tells us that he does not sleep to take rest.
➢ He is above all weakness.
➢ Ikhlas openly declares that there is no one like Allah.

4. Quran says Allah has created everything and it is He who alone sustains all that He has created and
He is the Master of His creation.

➢ Surah Anaam tells us that He has created everything and He controls all His creations through
His Divine will.
➢ Ayat-ul-Kursi also declares that all the things which exist in this universe belong to Allah.

5. Allah loves his creation and guides them to the right path. It is told that He will Judge His creation
on the basis of the guidance Ha has provided.

➢ Surah Fatiha not only tells us that it is He who can guide us to the straight path but also tells that
He is the Master of the Day of Judgment.
➢ In this regard Surah Shura tells the believers that He is merciful and forgiving only to those who
seek His forgiveness after committing and evil act.
➢ Allah is the King and controller of the Day of Judgment.
➢ Ayat-ul-Kursi talks about Allah’s throne and sovereignty.
➢ Fussilat tells us that He is the God with unimaginable powers to create things out of nothing and
to recreated thing when they are completely destroyed.
 ALLAH AND THE CREATED WORLD

Q. From passages you have studies from the Quran write about God’s relationship with humankind?
[10] (S 2012)

Allah has created ll that this universe contains.

➢ Allah has created this universe and man.

➢ Surah Baraqa tells us about the creation of the first ever man Hazrat Adam.
➢ Surah Alaq tells us that Allah has made a system of reproduction for the continuity of the human
life on earth. It tells man is created from a clot of congealed blood by the biological process of
reproduction.

Allah sustains all of His creation.

➢ Allah has made arrangements for the physical growth of mankind.

➢ Surah Fatiha calls Him cherisher & sustainer of the universe.
➢ Surah Baraqa tells us to how Allah has made earth a planet where human life is possible. Earth
has been referred to as a couch and sky as a canopy. This tells how Allah has created
conductions that support human life.
➢ Allah sends down rain that helps us to grow crops in this way He has maintained the sustenance.

Allah guides His creation for their mental and spiritual growth.

➢ Allah has given guidance to mankind for their spiritual and mental growth. Quran tells us that
Allah installed the ability to differentiate between good and bad at time of creating us.
➢ Allah sent Prophets from time to time to guide us in areas where our natural knowledge of good
and bad failed to help us.
➢ Allah taught man what he did not know through revelations.

Allah is the God of His Creation that deserves to be worshipped.

➢ He is the God of mankind.

➢ Alone worthy of worship.
➢ Shows us the straight path. Surah Fatiha mentions this.
➢ Surah Baraqa tells us that we should set up rivals with Allah.
➢ Surah Nas call Him God of mankind.

Allah Prophets His creation from all sources of Harm.

➢ Allah protects and guides us from harm.

➢ Surah Nas tells us to how Allah can help us against satanic temptations.
➢ Surah Falaq tells us that He is capable of helping us against the evil of black magic.
Allah will judge mankind in their afterlife on the basis of how they lived their worldly life.

➢ Surah Zilzaal tells us about the end of the world, and how Allah will set up his court on the
judgement day, the Surah also informs on that day Allah would do complete justice and rewards
and punishment would be given accordingly.

Q. Using Quranic passages from the syllabus describe what the Quran teaches about God’s
responsibility to His creatures and their duties toward Him/ [10]

God’s responsibility to His creatures:

➢ To create them.
➢ To sustain them.
➢ To provide them guidance.
➢ To protect them from harm.
➢ To Judge them.

Duties of His creation to Allah:

➢ To believe that He is single and does not share His attributes and authority with anyone. (surah
Ihlas).
➢ To glorify and praise Him for His bounties and blessings upon them as Surah Alaq says “proclaim
and your lord is most bountiful.
➢ To worship Allah alone as Surah Baraqa says that “we should not set up rivals to Allah because
associating other God with Allah is an unpardonable sin.”
➢ To obey Allah I all aspects of life. Quran sys that we should do what Allah has permitted and we
should avoid what Allah has declared forbidden.
➢ To fear Allah.
➢ To offer prayer, keep fast, give Zakat and perform Hajj.
➢ To seek help from Allah in all matters of life. (Surah Fatiha declares that we should seek help
from Allah alone).
➢ To Thank Him.
 ALLAH’S MESSENGER

Q. From the Quranic passage you have studied, outline the relationship between God and two of His
Prophets who were sent before Prophet (PBUH)? 2011

Q. Write about the relationship between God and two of His Prophets you have studied in the Quran
not including Prophet (PBUH)?

Allah had chosen them to serve as Allah’s messenger.

➢ The Quran tells us that Allah had sent messengers only to be obeyed in accordance with the will
of Allah.
➢ At another place the Quran tells us the story of Hazrat Isa by telling us that he had been sent
with a sign from Allah.
➢ Quran Narrates the story of Hazrat Ibrahim as to how he was chosen as a Prophet of Allah when
he held a detailed conversation with his father people.

Allah not only chose his prophets but also provided them guidance to help them preach others.

➢ Surah Maida lists down the miracles which Hazrat Isa was able to perform such as giving life to
the dead and non-living things and providing cure to the blind and the lepers.

The Prophets of Allah were extremely righteous people and faced many difficulties. It can be said that
Allah tested their faith at various occasions but they all proved to be steadfast.

➢ The Quran mentions the story of Hazrat Ibrahim concerning the sacrifice of his son that he was
ready to make at the command of Allah.
➢ The Quran also tells us that the people of Israel crucified Hazrat Isa and he went through this
ordeal without a word of complaint.

All the prophets that Allah sent served Allah to the best of their abilities. They faced many life
threatening situations but Allah always saved them from their enemies.

➢ Surah Maida tells that Allah restrained the children of Israel from Hazrat Isa when he showed
them the clear sign.
➢ The Quran tells us the story how Hazrat Ibrahim was saved from a blazing fire when the
unbelievers threw him in it. The Quran tells us that all the prophets of Allah were extremely
loyal to him and preached all that Allah commanded them to preach without adding or
omitting anything.
Q. Using Quranic passage you have studied from the syllabus, describe how Allah guided His Prophets
to increase their belief in Him. Refer to at least two messengers in the answer.

➢ By choosing them through angel Jibrael.

➢ By sending revelations to them.
➢ By giving them the ability to perform miracles.
➢ By testing them.
➢ By saving and protecting them.

*examples can be used from previous answer, only 2 prophets should be used as examples, Prophet
Muhammad can also be used.

Q. From the Quranic passages you have studied, write down about what lessons can be learnt from
God’s conversion with Adam and Jesus.

Conversation with Hazrat Adam:

➢ We are Allah’s representatives on this earth.

➢ Allah has given us knowledge and the ability to think (taught Adam the names of all things).
➢ Allah knows everything (He knows what we reveal and what we conceal).
➢ Disobeying Allah is a sign of rejection of faith (Iblis’s refusal to bow down).
➢ Satan is an enemy of mankind and is always on a hunt.
➢ Man is weak and likely to commit error (how Adam was tricked by Iblees).
➢ Allah forgives only those people who turn to Him with guilt after committing an evil act.

Conversation with Hazrat Isa:

➢ Allah is capable of doing things beyond our comprehension. (Hazrat Isa was born without a
father, he could speak in infancy).
➢ Allah guides people through Book and wisdom.
➢ All the good things that man does happen with the will of Allah. (Miracles that Hazrat Isa
performed were all through Allah’s leave or permission.
➢ Allah saves the people when they are living their lives in obedience to His command. (Allah
restrained the children of Israel from harming Isa).
➢ That Hazrat Isa was not the son of God as he was referred to as the son of Mary.
Q. What are the main features/differences in the surahs that were revealed in Makkah and Madina?

Makki Surahs Madni surahs

Place Revealed in Makkah Revealed in Madinah

Content These verses and surahs mostly deal with These surah deal with a variety of
basic Islamic beliefs such as tauheed, life after themes related to religious, spiritual,
death, the concept of reward and punishment social, ethical, economic and political
etc. matters

Style These verses are composed in very much The verses are composed in style of
poetic way with a high level of eloquence. prose. The verses are as eloquent as
The flow and rhythm of verses sounds more the ones revealed in Makkah.
like poetry. The rhyming words are frequently However, the style is plain and less
used. rhythmical.

Length of The verses are short. The verses are long.

verses

Length of Surah The surahs are short such as the ones The surahs are long such as Baraqah
occurring mostly in the last portions of the and Aal e Imran.
Holy Quran.

The words of The Makki surahs mostly address the people The Madni surahs mostly address the
addressing in the following words: people in the following words:

“O You Mankind!” “O You who believe!”