10.

The Living Organisms and their Surroundings

Keywords:
Presentation Page
Page no :-115( Fig 10.4)
1. Habitat
2. Biotic component
3. Abiotic component
4. Interdependence
5. Succulent plants
6.Adaptation
7. Streamlined
8.Camouflage
9. Acclimatisation
10.Vallisneria
SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
Ans 1. The place where living organisms (plants and animals) live is called habitat.
Ans 2. Favourable features present in plants and animals that help them survive in a
particular type of habitat are known as adaptations.
Ans3. Cactus survives in a desert due to the following reason:
i. It has long roots that goes deep into the soil to absorb water.
ii. It's leaves are reduced to spines.
iii. The stem has a waxy coating to prevent loss of water.
B. Science quiz.
Ans1. dogs—lungs
birds—lungs
snakes—lungs
fish—gills
Ans2. Sunlight, air, water, soil/temperature/wind
Ans 3. Polar bear and Reindeer
C. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (√)the correct options. (Page No. 123)
(a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c)
Section - B
Tick (√) the correct options.
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b)

Section C
A. Very Short Answer Questions.
Ans1. Water hyacinth and lotus/water lily
Ans2. Kites and Vulture
Ans3.(i)Pine tree has needle-like leave structures that help to conserve water.
ii.They have cone-shaped structure with sloping branches that helps rainwater and
snow to slide off easily.
Ans 4.Plants and animals/human beings/microorganisms
B. Short Answer Questions.
Ans 1

Adaptation Acclimatisation
1.Changes that enables plants and 1.Changes in the body of organisms
animals to survive in a particular type that take place over a short period of
of habitat over a long time period time to adjust in their surroundings

Ans 2. The phenomena in which animals hide themselves from their enemies by changing
their skin colour according to their surroundings is called camouflage. E.g., the stripes of a
tiger help it to hide in tall grasses.
Ans3. Yaks are able to survive on mountains by following adaptations:-
i) They have thick fur to protect them from cold.
ii)They have a layer of fat under their skin that keep them warm.
Ans4. Animals adapt themselves to their surroundings by developing certain favourable
features like modifications in their body shape, body organs, body colour, behaviour, location
and eating habits.
Ans5(i).The long roots of cactus plant go deep into the soil to absorb water.
(ii) The leaves of cactus are reduced to spines because that helps in reducing water
through transpiration.
Ans6. Camel is called the 'ship of the desert' because of several features to adapt in the
environment of deserts like long eyelashes to protect eyes from sand, hump to store water
and long and broad feet for easy walking on sand.

D. Long Answer Questions.

Ans1. Lions adapt themselves in the forest habitat in the following ways:
(i) They have eyes in front that help them to see from a greater distance.
(ii) They have sharp teeth and long claws to tear flesh of the prey.
(iii) They have light-brown coloured skin which helps them to hide in dry grasslands.
(iv) They run very fast to catch their prey.
Deer adapt themselves in the forest habitat in the following ways:
(i) They have eyes on the sides of the head, which give them a wide range of vision.
(ii) They have long ears to hear the movement of predators.
(iii) They can run very fast to save themselves from predators.
Ans 2. Desert plants and animals show various adaptations to survive in hot climate.
Adaptations in plants
(i) The leaves in desert plants are either absent, very small or present in the form of spines
which helps in reducing the loss of water .
(ii) The stems of desert plants are thick and fleshy for storage of water.
(iii)The stems also have a thick waxy coating that prevents the loss of water from it.
(iv) The roots of desert plants are long and go very deep into the soil to absorb water.
Adaptations in animals
(i) Desert rats and snakes live in deep burrows during daytime to protect themselves from
extreme heat. At night these animals come out of their burrows and holes and become
active.
(ii) Desert animals pass out very little amount of urine and hence, conserve water in their
body.
(iii) Camel has some special features to adapt in the environment of deserts like long legs,
its hump to store fat, large and flat feet, long eyelashes protect the eyes from sand.
Ans3. Frogs have the following adaptations to live both on land and in water.
(i) They have webbed feet that help them to swim in water.
(ii) They have long and strong back legs that help them in hopping on the land for catching
their prey.
(iii) They breathe through lungs on land and through moist skin in water.
Ans4. Different plants adapt themselves to live in aquatic habitat in different ways. The two
common types of aquatic plants are–
(i) Free-floating plants—
(a) These plants float freely on water with their,large ,flat wax coated leaves .
(b) Air spaces in stem also enables the plants to float easily .
(ii) Submerged plants—
(i). In submerged plants, the leaves are thin and ribbon-like that allow water currents to pass
through without damaging the leaves.
Ans 5.(a) Flow of energy
(b) They produce food for themselves and other organisms.
(C) Fungi
(d) It helps in decomposition of biodegradable waste to form humus.
Ans6.Yes, Seema is right. In both mountain and desert region plants, the shapes of leaves is
needle shaped for conservation of water.
(D) Application based Question.
Ans:- Small leaves or spines are the adaptations of desert plants to withstand the dry
conditions in desert. The surface of lamina is less in such leaves and thus reduces
water loss.
Definition:
1.Succulent plant: The plant that have thick and fleshy stem because they store water.
2.Habitat: The place where living organism live is called habitat.
3.Biotic component: living things like plants, animals, human beings and microorganism in a
habitat are called the biotic component
4.Decomposer: Organism like some of the bacteria and fungi that decomposes dead
remains of plants and animals to obtain their food are called decomposers.
5.Submerged plant: The plant that remain completely submerged in water. Example: Hydrilla
and vallisneria