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    Estimation of Serum Urea

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    Saad
    This document discusses the estimation of serum urea levels. It provides background information on urea, how it is synthesized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys, and the clinical applications of measuring urea levels. It then describes the procedure used to estimate blood urea nitrogen (BUN) via an enzymatic colorimetric method and provides the reference values for BUN.

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    Estimation of Serum Urea

    Uploaded by

    Saad
    68 views10 pages
    This document discusses the estimation of serum urea levels. It provides background information on urea, how it is synthesized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys, and the clinical applications of measuring urea levels. It then describes the procedure used to estimate blood urea nitrogen (BUN) via an enzymatic colorimetric method and provides the reference values for BUN.

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    Estimation of serum urea

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    This document discusses the estimation of serum urea levels. It provides background information on urea, how it is synthesized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys, and the clinical applications of measuring urea levels. It then describes the procedure used to estimate blood urea nitrogen (BUN) via an enzymatic colorimetric method and provides the reference values for BUN.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views10 pages

    Estimation of Serum Urea

    Uploaded by

    Saad
    This document discusses the estimation of serum urea levels. It provides background information on urea, how it is synthesized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys, and the clinical applications of measuring urea levels. It then describes the procedure used to estimate blood urea nitrogen (BUN) via an enzymatic colorimetric method and provides the reference values for BUN.

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    Duhok Polytechnic University

    Shekhan Technical College of Health

    Estimation of Serum Urea

    ‫زانكـــويا بوليتــــةكنيكى يا دهـــؤك‬


    ‫جامعــــــــة دهــــــــــوك التقـــــنية‬
    Duhok Polytechnic University 1
    -Urea:
    • Urea is the highest non-protein nitrogen compound in the blood.

    • Urea is the major excretory product of protein metabolism.

    • It is formed by urea cycle in the liver from free ammonia generated during protein
    catabolism.

    • Since historic assays for urea were based on measurement of nitrogen, the term blood
    urea nitrogen (BUN) has been used to refer to urea determination.

    2
    -Urea synthesis:
    • Protein metabolism produces amino acids that can be oxidized.

    • This results in the release of ammonia which is converted to urea (via urea cycle) and
    excreted as a waste product.

    • Following synthesis in the liver, urea is carried out in the blood to the kidney which is
    readily filtered from the plasma by glomerulus.

    • Most of the urea in the glomerular filtrate excreted in the urine, and some urea is
    reabsorbed through the renal tubules.

    • The amount reabsorbed depends on urine flow rate and extent of hydration (the
    amount of urea reabsorbed increases with dehydration).
    3
    -Urea synthesis:

    4
    - Clinical Application:

    • Measurement of urea used in :

    • Evaluate renal function.

    • To assess hydration status.

    • To determine nitrogen balance.

    • To aid in the diagnosis of renal diseases.

    • Check a person's protein balance.

    • verify adequacy of dialysis.

    5
    1-Plasma urea Concentration:
    • Measurement of Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) alone is less useful in diagnosing kidney
    diseases because it’s blood level is influenced by dietary protein and hepatic function.

    Type Cause Note


    Pre-renal • Cognitive heart failure. Caused by reduced
    High urea • Dehydration. renal blood flow, less
    (High urea • High protein diet. blood is delivered to
    concentration in plasma • Increased protein catabolism. kidney, then less urea is
    is called azotemia) filtered.
    Renal • Renal failure .
    Post-renal • Urinary tract obstruction.
    • Low protein intake.
    Low urea • Liver disease.
    • Pregnancy.
    6
    Specimen collection
    - Unhemolysed serum or heparinised plasma.
    - Avoid flouride or ammonium as anticoagulant which interfere with the
    assay.
    urea is stable in serum or plasma for:
    -24 hours at room temperature
    -several day at 2-8 °C.

    7
    -Objective:
    • Estimation of Blood urea nitrogen (BUN).

    -Principle (of the kit used):


    - Enzymatic and colorimetric method is depends on the specific action of
    urease which hydrolysis urea in ammonium ions and carbon dioxide.
    Ammonium ions then form with chloride and salicylate a blue-green
    complex. This coloration is proportional to urea concentration in the
    specimen and measured at 600 nm.

    • + H2O urease ------► NH4+ + CO2


    • NH4+ + Cl- + Salicylate -------► green solution

    8
    Urea test’s procedure:
    Blank Standard Test
    (Zeroing) (40 mg/dl) ( ? mg/dl)
    WR (R1+R2) 1 ml 1 ml 1 ml
    Standard (R4) - 10 µ -
    Serum - - 10 µ
    DW 10 µ - -

    wait 5 minute at RT cº
    R3 250 µ 250 µ 250 µ

    wait 5 minute at 37 cº then read and calculate

    Ab. (test)
    Conc.(test) = X Conc.(standard) mg/dl
    Ab.(standard)
    -Reference Value:

    10

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