PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY

AND ETHICS Lecture Note -2

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fatma Tugce SENBERBER DUMANLI
fatma.senberber@nisantasi.edu.tr
 WHAT IS
ETHICS?

ETHICS –
MORAL
RELATIONSHIP
Ethics is sacred; because it has no
equal in value and cannot be
determined
measured by any other kind of
value.
MK Ataturk
 • In daily life, every person strives to meet
Concept of Ethics their physiological, biological and
psychological needs. The behaviors,
communications and efforts displayed to
meet these needs are sometimes carried
out within a certain plan and sometimes
with instant impulses.
• Which of these behaviors is ethical and
which is unethical?
• According to whom; and according to
what?
There are verbal and non-verbal rules that are effective in determining the
ethical framework for evaluating an individual's behavior.

Traditions Customs

Ethical values

Social rules Laws

What is • Ethic; It is expressed as
ethics? spiritual duties and rules
related to them that
people feel obliged to
comply with in order to
achieve goodness.
• Ethics is, above all, the search for
and understanding of a desired life.
However, in social life, it is about
setting all the goals in their place,
determining what to do and what not
to do, and knowing what to want
and what not to want.
• Individuals have different roles
in society such as spouse,
friend, parent, citizen and
teacher. This requires
establishing a standard of
behavior that tells how to act in
many situations. However,
establishing ethical standards is
a long and difficult process.
• When different definitions of
ethics are examined, two
basic common features come
to the fore. The first of these;
Ethics is a historical, social
and dynamic process. The
other is; Ethics is becoming
concrete and visible on the
basis of interpersonal
relations.
• There are 5 factors that can affect the
formation of ethical decisions. These;
• Individual factors
• Social factors
• Factors related to belief systems
• Legal factors
• These are professional factors.
• Aristotle was the first philosopher to separate ethics from a theoretical philosophy and treat it
as a field of philosophy in its own right . Accordingly, different philosophers later commented
on it from different perspectives.
• Ethics as a discipline has goals and limits. In this sense, different ethics classes have been
created.
1- Personal ethics: These are the ethical standards that a person creates primarily with his
own conscience.
2- Social ethics: It refers to the generally accepted value judgments of the society in which
human beings, who are social beings, live. The historical background, social and economic
characteristics of the society are effective in the formation of social ethics.
3- Global ethics: It can be defined as the international acceptance of business ethics and
social ethics. International relations and strategies are included in the subjects of global ethics.
Historical Development of the Concept of Ethics
• Ethics has developed throughout human history, depending on all ideological, economic
and cultural factors of the emerging periods.
• According to Socrates, the source of virtue and knowledge can be found within the
person. Here, knowledge is virtue and being ethically superior is based on knowledge.
According to Socrates, virtue is thought to be the knowledge of distinguishing good from
bad, and virtue is learned through knowledge.
• According to Plato, the main goal is to reach the "highest good". Goodness means virtue,
and people achieve virtue through wisdom, bravery, moderation and justice.
• Although technological and economic
developments after the industrial
revolution have relatively reduced the
value people attach to the concepts of
ethics and morality, recent
developments have re-emphasized the
importance of these concepts.
 What is morality?
• The unwritten rules that determine behavior
that is considered good or bad in a society are
referred to as morality. Morality is the way a
person's conscience classifies certain actions
as "right" and "good".
• Morality includes many concepts due to its
broad meaning. Chief among these are;
character, discipline (which can be thought of
as self-control or internal control), and
conscience.
Just as moral norms and rules that have general validity for
everyone have not been formed at any time in history,
moral rules that have general validity everywhere and at all
times have not been formed.

In orher words; It may occur at certain times, in certain

societies, and may differ from region to region.
• Religion has been one of the most
important factors determining the social life
of societies since ancient times. Throughout
history and even today, the moral standards
of many societies derive from their beliefs.
Ethics – Morality
Relationship

• Ethic with morality The difference

between morality own our character
When defining ethics social of the
system drink its functioning is to
determine. Ethics specify one of the
group members by adopted moral to
the rules It is based on .
• Ethics does not make moral
judgments about individual
actions, but analyzes at a higher
level how moral judgments about
actions are formed. This makes
ethics more theoretical and
morality more practical. For this
reason, we can say that ethics is
theoretical in determining what is
good and right, and morality is its
application.
In other words,

• Ethics, the morals and values that people have, also shape people's behavior. He
states that morality is an application of ethics. It expresses the values that a
person wants to express at certain times and situations. Morality ensures the
realization of this situation. Ethic; morality while including all elements; deals with
the details of behavior. In short, while ethics sets forth the principles for human
behavior, morality ensures the partial implementation of these principles.
Thanks for listening
