Electrical Load

Estimation

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 Introduction
 Definition
 Purpose of Load Estimation
 Electrical Load Estimation Stages
 Common Terms & Expressions
 Commercial or Residential System Requirements

Estimation According to
Codes & Standards
Session 

EGY CODE
DPS

Content
1.
Introduction
 Definition

» Electrical load estimation means identifying approximately the total demand

load of the project which can be building, complex buildings, or new city.

Introduction
Purpose of Electrical Load Estimation
Load Estimation Importance

» Electrical Load Estimation is very important in the pre-design stage because it helps to:
o Calculate the initial budget for the electrical works.
o Plan the connection to upstream network and MV circuit configurations.
o Plan the transformers substation(s) and the Bulky Equipment Rooms and its space.
o Apply to Power Company for supply (Electricity Distribution Company).

Introduction
Purpose of Electrical Load Estimation
Load Estimation Importance

» Supply Request : it a request introduced to EDC with a the following data to determine the
availability of the supply to the project and the compliance with EDC regulations.

1. Initial demand load, connected load, and possible expansion.

2. Average usage or load factor
3. Power Factor of total load
4. Ratings of Largest loads and associated switching(Starting) requirements.
5. Required Reliability &Expected continuity of service.
6. Identification of interruptible loads, to permit consideration of load limiting.
7. Identification of loads sensitive to voltage &frequency transients.
etc…

Introduction
Electrical Load Estimation Stages
According to IEEE 241-1.13

1. A preliminary load estimation Stage

o It’s no thing more than “a good guess”
o It’s a part of the overall feasibility study of the project
o Perform the estimation on the square foot or similar basis

2. Early Design Load Estimation Stages

o After the project has been clearly defined
o The designer start to determine the feeding system to the project “ MV or LV- MVSG or RMU”
o Starting coordination with the architecture engineer to specify the required area / rooms for
the bulky equipment.
o Preparing the supply request to be represented to EDC

Introduction
Electrical Load Estimation Stages
According to IEEE 241-1.13

3. The final load estimation stage “Load Calculation”

o All required data are available to get the actual load of the project.
o When the electrical and mechanical drawings have been completed and ready to be bid or to
be received.

 It should be reviewed when the requirements of the actual equipment are furnished by
contractors and manufacturers.

Introduction
Common Terms & Expressions
Connected Load, Demand Load and Demand Factor

» Connected Load
Connected Load
It is the Sum of all the loads connected to the electrical system.
Note : Practically, all loads of the project isn’t be used simultaneously.
Load in kW

Introduction
Common Terms & Expressions
Connected Load, Demand Load and Demand Factor

» Demand load
It is The actual electric load as the whole loads are not operating together. Maximum Demand
Load
Load in kW

Introduction
Common Terms & Expressions
Connected Load, Demand Load and Demand Factor

» Demand factor
The demand factor is the ratio of the demand on a system to the total connected load
of the system.

Demand Factor (D.F) =Demand Load (DL) / Total Connected Load (TCL)
Demand factor is Less than or equal 1

Introduction
Common Terms & Expressions
Connected Load, Demand Load and Demand Factor

Introduction
Common Terms & Expressions
Connected Load, Demand Load and Demand Factor

Introduction
Common Terms & Expressions
Diversity Factor

» Diversity Factor (𝑭𝑫 )

o It is the ratio of the sum of the maximum demands of different parts of loads from
the electrical system to the maximum demand of this system due to the different
timing times.
o Diversity Factor (𝑭𝑫) is greater than or equal 1

Introduction
Common Terms & Expressions
Diversity & Coincident Factor

» Coincident Factor (𝑭𝑪 )

o It is the inverse of the Diversity Factor.
o Coincident Factor (𝑭𝑪) is less than or equal 1

Introduction
Common Terms & Expressions
Diversity & Coincident Factor

» Note : when we talk about diversity we draw more than one load curve ,but when
we talked about demand factor we draw one load curve only why??

𝑫𝟏+𝟐+⋯…

D2 D1

Introduction
Common Terms & Expressions
Connected Load, Demand Load and Demand Factor

Introduction
Common Terms & Expressions
Connected Load, Demand Load and Demand Factor

Introduction
Common Terms & Expressions
Diversity & Coincident Factor

» Objective of using demand &diversity factor.

o Design the electrical system &bulky equipment according to the actual loads which
needed to be supplied at the moment not the total loads of the project which may
be building , residential complex, industrial applications, or a city.
o Taking the advantage of the time peak difference between the different loads
o Avoid oversizing for all electrical system
o Making our design to be more economic

Introduction
Commercial or Residential System Requirements
According to IEEE 241 – 1.2.1

» The functional requirements vary with the type of facility, but generally will include some of
the following :
1. Lighting: Interior (General, Task, exits and stairwells),exterior(decorative ,Parking
,security, Street Lighting , Facade Lighting and Landscape lighting),normal and emergency.
2. Appliances : Business and copying machines, receptacles for vending machines and
general use.
3. Space conditioning (HVAC) : Heating ,Cooling, air-handling units and Ventilation.
4. Plumbing and sanitation : Water Pumps, hot water heaters , submersible and sewage
pumps, incinerators and waste handling.
5. Fire protection : Fire detection , alarms and pumps.
6. Transportation : Elevators, dumbwaiters, escalators, and moving walkways.

Introduction
Commercial or Residential System Requirements
According to IEEE 241 – 1.2.1

» The functional requirements vary with the type of facility, but generally will include some of
the following :
1. Data Processing : Desktop computers, Central processing equipment and uninterruptible
power supply (UPS) systems including related cooling.
2. Food preparation : Cooling, Cocking, special exhausts, dishwashing, etc.
3. Special Loads : for equipment and facilities commercial buildings , restaurants, theaters ,
religious buildings , terminals and airports , healthcare facilities, laboratories, broadcasting
stations , etc.
4. Miscellaneous Loads : Security, Central Control systems, Communications, audio visual,
fitness equipment, Hand dryers and maintenance equipment , etc.

Introduction
2.
Estimation According to
Codes & Standards
Estimation According to Codes & Standards

Load
Estimation

DPS
EGY CODE
Saudi Code
Introduction
Load Estimation
According to Egy Code.

» The Egyptian code defines the load estimation with build up area method
(kVA/𝒎𝟐 ) and we need to define some data such as:

o The Project Location “Village / City”.

o The Project Location “The social Level”.

o The application of building ( Residential / Commercial).

Introduction
Load Estimation
According to the Egyptian Electric Guide 2020

Introduction
Load Estimation
According to the Egyptian Electric Guide 2020

Introduction
Load Estimation
According to Egy Code.

» The diversity factor between loads can be determined with the Left table, but it’s
complex to get your data easily, but Electric utility regulator released an updated
statement at the right photo.

Introduction
Load Estimation
According to Egy Code.

» Notes:
o The Egy code estimates the load of the wiring devices &lighting fixtures only.

o The load density that mentioned in the tables is the built up area not the total area.

o The load density values are demand load so we don’t need to determine the
demand factor in this method.

o We need to ask about the other loads (HVAC , Plumbing, heaters, elevators …..) to
determine our total demand load of the project.

Introduction
Load Estimation
According to Egy Code.

» Practical Example:

Introduction
Load Estimation
DPS - CONNECTED LOADS ESTIMATION

» An average load requirement VA/m² is

considered as appropriate method for the
load calculation. Use the following table.

Introduction
Load Estimation
DPS - CONNECTED LOADS ESTIMATION

» An average load requirement VA/m² is

considered as appropriate method for the
load calculation. Use the following table.

Introduction
Load Estimation
DPS. DEMAND FACTORS FOR ALL FACILITIES TYPES

Introduction
Load Estimation
DPS. COINCIDENT FACTORS

Introduction
Load Estimation
According to DPS.

» Practical Example:
Calculate building CL for a mosque of building area 2000 m²
CL for the individual unit (KVA) = building area of the individual unit (m²) × load
density factor (VA/m2) ÷ 1000
From the table 21 load density factor for the mosque (C9) = 148 ((VA/m²)
= (2000 × 148) ÷ 1000 = 296 KVA
From the table ………….. Demand factor for the mosque (C9) = …………….
= (...... × ......) ÷ 1000 = ...... KVA

Introduction
Load Estimation
According to DPS.

» Practical Example:

Introduction
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