Industrial Training Report

On
UTTAR PRADESH POWER TRANSMISSION CORPORATION LIMITED
220KV GIS SUBSTATION MALIKPURAYODHYA.
Submitted in The Partial Fulfilment of The Requirement for The Award
of Degree Of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted By- Under The Guidance Of

Abhishek Rawat Er. Rahul Kumar Ojha Sir (SDO)
B.Tech {EE} &
Roll no-2000970200004 Mohd. Danish Equbal Sir
(HOD of Electrical Engineering Department)

Galgotias College Of Engineering And Technology

Knowledge Park 2, Greater Noida, Gautum Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh

201308
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the industrial training report entitled “UPPTCL 220/132/33KV” is an authentic
Record of my own work as requirement of industrial training during the period from 01-07-2023 to
30-07-2023 for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in (Electrical Engineering),
Galgotias College Of Engineering and Technology under the guidance of Mohd. Danish Equbal Sir.

Abhishek Rawat

Date: 30 July 2023

Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of our knowledge and
belief.

Head of Department

Signature:

2
 CERTIFICATE
NO. ETSD/Training Date:30/07/202

This is to certify that Abhishek Rawat s/o Ram Chandra Student of B. TECH IN ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING Of GALGOTIAS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY has completed the
industrial training during 01 JULY 2023 to 30 JULY 2023 at 220KV ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION
GIS BASED SUBSTATION MALIKPUR AYODHYA successfully.

To the best of my knowledge, he bears a good moral character. I wish him all success in life.

(S.D.O: Er. Rahul Kumar

Ojha)
Signature:

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Industrial training has an important role in exposing the real-life situation in an industry. It
was great experience for me to work on the training at UTTAR PRADESH POWER TRANSMISSION
CORPORATION LIMITED through which I could learn how to work in a professional environment.

Now, I would like to thank the people who guided me and have been a constant source of
inspiration throughout the tenure of my Industrial training.

I am sincerely grateful to Er. Rahul Kumar Ojha (Sub divisional officer) 220KV GIS based
substation who rendered me his valuable assistance, constant encouragement and able guidance
which made this training actually possible.

I wish my deep sense of gratitude to Er. Ram Chandra Rawat (JUNIOR ENGINEER) whose
affection guidance has enabled me to complete this training successfully.

I also wish my deep sense of gratitude to Mohd. Danish Equbal (HOD: EE Department) and
other Faculty whose guidance and encouragement made my training successfully.

Abhishek Rawat

2000970200004

4
 UTTAR PRADESH POWER CORPORATION LIMITED

Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL) is the company responsible for electricity
transmission and distribution within the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Its chairman is Mr. M. Devraj (IAS),
Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL) procures power from; state government owned
power generators, central government owned power generators and Independent Power Products through
power purchase for lowest per unit cost of electricity.

The creation of Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd. (UPPCL) on January 14, 200 is the result of power
sector reforms and restructuring in UP (India) which is the focal point of the Power Sector, responsible for
planning and managing the sector through its transmission, distribution and supply of electricity.

UPPCL will be professionally managed utility supplying reliable and cost-efficient electricity to every
citizen of the state through highly motivated employees and state of art technologies, providing an economic
return to our maintaining leadership in the country.

The causes of such a poor financial condition of UPPCL include:

 Higher line losses due to aging over stressed infrastructure.

 Pilferage of power at large scale.
 Inferior quality of transformers and other equipments.
 Selling power much below its purchasing cost.

These can be overcome by forward looking, reliable, safe and trustworthy organization, sensitive to our can
be our customers interests, profitable and sustainable in the long run, providing uninterrupted supply of
quality power, with transparency and integrity in operation.

5
 ABSTRACT

The report gives an over review of 220kv GIS based substation. It includes electricity transmission
and distribution processes at UPPCL Sohawal substation an assembly of apparatus which is installed to
control transmission and distribution of electric power, its two main divisions are outdoor and indoor
Substation. Different equipment used in substations, bus-bar, surge arrestor, Isolator, Earth switches, current
transformer etc. Transformer which being used Here is core and shell type transformer for stepping up and
down purposes. Different Instruments transformer, voltage current and CV transformers are also being used.

6
220/132/33KV
G.I.S.
SUBSTATION

AYODHYA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
7
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ABOUT SUBSTATION
3. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
4. TRANSFORMER
5. 220KV GIS HALL
6. 132KV GIS HALL
7. 33KV GIS HALL
8. CURRENT TRANSFORMER
9. POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
10. EARTH SWITCHES
11. CONTROL CUBICLES
12. CIRCUIT BREAKER
13. CONTROL AND RELAY ROOM
14. BATTERIES ROOM
15. CONCLUSION

8
 INTRODUCTION

A substation consists of many types of equipment such as transformers, circuit breakers, etc, to do the
transmission and the distribution of the electric power. The components of the gas insulated substation are
closely packed and due to this, the size of the substation has been reduced. The SF6 gas is used as an
insulation medium in this substation. The major parts of this substation are contained in a sealed
environment, this is achieved by using sulfur hexafluoride gas. So the major components of this substation
are enclosed and because of this, the size of this substation is reduced. The high voltage carrying parts of
this transformer is situated within a metal enclosure and it is held in a concentric configuration by cast epoxy
spacer insulators. The sulfur hexafluoride gas is filled between the insulator and the conductor at a specified
amount of pressure.

What are the advantages of a gas-insulated substation over a conventional substation?

 The conventional substation would require a huge amount of space when compared to the gas insulated
substation
 In the conventional substation, each and every part is exposed to air and due to this, it will be polluted. While in
case of the gas insulated substation the major parts are situated in a metal enclosure
 The conventional substation parts are subjected to contamination, in the case of the gas insulated substation
there won’t be any contamination due to the metal enclosure
 Flashovers and breakdowns would occur frequently in the case of the conventional substation
 Less maintenance is needed for gas insulated substations while the conventional substation would require huge
maintenance
 The installation of the gas insulated substation can be done quickly but it is not possible in the conventional type
 The necessity of concrete work for the conventional substation is really high when compared to the gas insulated
type.

What are the types of gas-insulated switchgear?

The need for uninterrupted electricity has been increased a lot, so due to this requirement for power supply, we must ensure the
power supply protection. So in order to do this certain equipment such as generator and motor needs to be switched on and off
many times, so the required means to do this process is called switchgear. Basically, most of the equipment which is used for the
fault clearing process is a part of the switchgear.

1. Isolated phase GIS:-In this type of switchgear, the bay phases are assembled individually. So in this system, every phase
would have a circuit breaker, electrical isolator, and also a current transformer. The bay size of this GIS will be really
big.

9
 2. 2. Integrated 3phase GIS:-This is the exact opposite of the isolated type GIS in which all the three-phase of a circuit
breaker, disconnectors, and current transformer are enclosed in a metal enclosure. The size of the integrated GIS is
smaller than the isolated type.
3. 3. Hybrid GIS:-This is an integration of the isolated phase and also the three-phase common elements. The connection
from the bus bar is done easily with the three-phase common bus bar system. There won’t be any phase to phase faults
due to the isolated phase.

What are the applications of gas insulated substations?

 It is installed in cities where space is a limiting factor

 It is mostly installed inside the building
 Hydroelectric station
 Offshore power substation
 Underground substation
 High voltage applications
 It can be installed in an industrial environment where the pollution is high

ABOUT SUBSTATION

10
 Substation is located in wide range area which is based on GIS Based substation where three big
halls are there which are 220kv GIS hall , 132kv GIS hall and 33 kv GIS hall. These halls are based
on AHU(Air handling unit).
 Whereas a relay control room, scada room and a battery room is inside the 132kv GIS hall.
 In CRP Room , two battery charger , Four Transformer RTTC Pannel, Two 220 volt ACDB , Two
110 volt DCDB , One 440 volt AC pannel and CRP pannels.
 In battery room, two set of battery bank( 55x2 volt)

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

11
TRANSFORMERS
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A GIS Based Substation consist of following trasformers:

1. 160 MVA Transformer

2. 63 MVA Transformer

3. 250 KVA Transformer

13
 160 MVA TRANSFORMER

About 160MVA Transformer

A 160 MVA (Mega Volt-Ampere) transformer is a substantial piece of electrical equipment used in power
transmission and distribution systems. Transformers are crucial for efficiently transmitting electrical energy
across various voltage levels while minimizing losses and ensuring stable power supply. Here's some
information about a 160 MVA transformer:

There are 2x160 MVA Transformers are inside substation:

1. 160 MVA Transformer ( Made by Bharat Bijli Limited )

2. 160 MVA Transformer( Made by BHEL )

 Capacity and Rating: The term "160 MVA" indicates the transformer's capacity to handle a
power load of up to 160 million volt-amperes. This capacity defines the maximum power it can
transfer between its primary and secondary windings.
 Voltage Transformation: Transformers are primarily designed to change voltage levels. In a
160 MVA transformer, the ratio of primary voltage to secondary voltage determines how the
transformation occurs. This allows for voltage stepping up or stepping down to suit the requirements
of power transmission or distribution.
 Construction: A transformer consists of primary and secondary windings wound around a
common magnetic core. The core is typically constructed using laminated sheets of iron or other
magnetic materials to minimize energy losses due to eddy currents. The winding insulation and
cooling systems are crucial for maintaining the transformer's efficiency and longevity.
 Cooling Systems: Large transformers like the 160 MVA variety generate heat during operation
due to energy losses. Cooling systems, such as oil circulation or forced air, help dissipate this heat,
ensuring the transformer operates within safe temperature limits.
 Applications: A 160 MVA transformer is often used in high-capacity transmission substations,
industrial plants, and other installations where significant power transfer is required. It helps
distribute electricity from high-voltage transmission lines to lower-voltage distribution networks,
which then supply power to homes, businesses, and industries.

14
160MVA T/F -1 (BHARAT BIJALI MAKE TRANSFORMER)

160MVA T/F-2 (BHEL MAKE TRANSFORMER)

15
 63 MVA TRANSFORMER
About 63 MVA Transformer

A 63 MVA (Mega Volt-Ampere) transformer is a substantial electrical device utilized in power transmission
and distribution systems to manage the efficient flow of electricity across different voltage levels. Here's
some information about a 63 MVA transformer:

There are 2x63 MVA Transformers are inside substation:

1. 63 MVA Transformer ( Made by T and R )

2. 63 MVA Transformer( Made by ATALANTA )

 Capacity and Rating: The designation "63 MVA" indicates the transformer's ability to handle a
power load of up to 63 million volt-amperes. This capacity defines the maximum amount of power it
can transfer between its primary and secondary windings.
 Voltage Transformation: The primary purpose of transformers, including the 63 MVA type, is
to change the voltage levels of electrical energy. The ratio of primary voltage to secondary voltage
determines the extent of voltage transformation, enabling power transmission or distribution as
needed.
 Construction: Similar to other transformers, a 63 MVA transformer consists of primary and
secondary windings wound around a shared magnetic core. This core is typically constructed using
laminated sheets of iron or other magnetic materials, which minimize energy losses arising from
eddy currents. Proper winding insulation and cooling systems are critical for maintaining the
transformer's efficiency and operational integrity.
 Cooling Systems: Transformers generate heat during operation due to energy losses, which must
be managed to prevent damage. Cooling systems, such as oil circulation or forced air, aid in
dissipating this heat, ensuring that the transformer operates within safe temperature limits.
 Applications: A 63 MVA transformer finds applications in various contexts, including distribution
substations, industrial plants, and commercial buildings. It serves the purpose of efficiently
transferring power from high-voltage transmission lines to lower-voltage distribution networks,
enabling electricity to be supplied to homes, businesses, and industries.

16
TRANSFORMER 1

TRANSFORMER 2

17
 250 KVA TRANSFORMER
The transformer, in a simple way, can be described as a device that steps up or steps down voltage. In a step-up
transformer, the output voltage is increased, and in a step-down transformer, the output voltage is decreased. The step-
up transformer will decrease the output current, and the step-down transformer will increase the output current to keep
the input and output power of the system equal.

There are 2x250 KVA Transformers are inside substation:

3. 250 KVA Transformer ( Made by T and R )

4. 250 KVA Transformer( Made by ATALANTA )

 Usually there are two transformers of 250 KVA is used because if any fault will occur in any one
transformer then the supply will not be disturbed any how.

 A 250 KVA Transformer usually converts 33 KV incoming into 440 V outging.

 These transformers are usually are for the whole substation supply.

 Bushings:
In Electric Power , a bushing is a hollow electrical insulator allows an electrical conductor to
pass safely through a conduction barrier such as the case of a transformer or circuit breaker without
making electrical contact with it.

 No Fans are used for maintaining the Temparature of the Transformer and Transformer oil. Its
temperature vary or depend upon atmospheric temperature.

 No pipe line is surrounded around the transformer for mulcifire system to protect the transformer from
damaging.

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Transformer 1 Transformer 2

Transform
er 1 & 2

19
220 KV GIS HALL

20
 A 220kV GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) hall is a specialized facility within an electrical substation where
gas insulated switchgear equipment is housed. GIS is a modern approach to designing and constructing high-
voltage substations, offering several advantages over traditional air-insulated switchgear. Here's an overview
of a 220kV GIS hall:

21
132 KV GIS HALL

22
 A 132kV GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) hall is a specialized facility within an electrical substation
designed to house gas insulated switchgear equipment operating at a voltage level of 132 kilovolts. GIS
technology offers several advantages over conventional air-insulated switchgear, making it a preferred
choice for managing high-voltage operations. Here's an overview of a 132kV GIS hall:

23
33KV GIS HALL

24
 CURRENT TRANSFORMER

The conventional substations use either live-tank or dead-tank type current transformers with oil/SF6
insulation. A porcelain insulator is used to insulate the low potential section of the current transformer
from the high voltage zone.

Ribbon or cut silicon steel cores are used for the magnetic circuit of the current transformer for obtaining
the desired ratio and accuracy. Hairpin shaped primary conductor is the standard geometry for a dead-tank
type current transformer . The current transformers in gas insulated systems are essentially in-line current
transformers.

A ribbon-wound silicon steel core (formed in toroidal shape) is used for the magnetic circuit of the current
transformer. A coaxial electrostatic shield, at ground potential, is placed between the high voltage primary
and the toroidal magnetic core of the current trans-former for ensuring zero potential at the secondary of
the current transformer.

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 VOLTAGE TRASFORMER

Voltage transformer is the indispensable a kind of electrical equipment of the transmission of electricity
such as power plant, electric substation and electric power system. It is mainly for to the power supply of
measuring instrument and protective relaying device, is used for voltage, power and the electric energy of
measurement circuitry, or is used for the expensive equipment in protection circuit, motor and transformer in
the time of line failure.

The voltage transformer mainly and structurally comprises a base, a casing, basin type isolators, a
conducting tube, a high-low-voltage coil component, an iron core, an inflating valve, bottom feet and a
pressure release device, wherein the high-low-voltage coil component, the iron core, the conducting tube
and the basin type isolators are arranged in the casing, the iron core is distributed inside the casing in a 1
shape, the high-low-voltage component is wound on the iron core, the three basin-type isolators are arranged
on the top end of the casing in the 1 shape, the conducting tube is arranged in the centre of the basin type
isolators, downwards extends and is connected with the high-low voltage component.

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 EARTH SWITCHES

The earthing switch is based on 3-phase technology and combines two functions – a disconnector and a
maintenance earthing switch – in one common 3-phase enclosure, sharing one common operating
mechanism. Due to the modular design of the earthing switch, every kind of variant can be realized/earthing
switch, every kind of variant can be realized in a compact design.

The earthing switch is part of the busbar module. This busbar module is usually equipped with an expansion
element, which guarantees flexible and elastic coupling of every kind of bay type. The operating mechanism
is of modular design, which enables highest service friendliness and rapid replacement of complete drive
modules. In addition, the complete busbar module can be replaced in one step ensuring minimized time for
repair.

EARTH SWITCHES

27
 CONTROL CUBICLES

(LCC)

A local control cubicles (LCC) or Local Control Panel (LCP) is usually provided for each circuit breaker
position. The control and power wires for all the operating mechanisms, auxiliary switches, alarms, heaters,
CTs, and VTs are brought from the GIS equipment modules to the LCC using shielded multiconductor
control cables. In addition to providing terminals for all the GIS wiring.

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 CIRCUIT BREAKER

Since one of the main circuit breaker functions is to automatically and quickly deenergize faulted
transmission lines, transformer banks, and buses, an opening operation is started by protective relays, which
are commonly installed remotely in a relay and control room. This operation may also involve automatically
reclosing of the circuit breaker for several times. The opening or closing of a circuit breaker can also be
started by human intervention from different locations, including manually from the circuit breaker
mechanism, electrically from the LCC, from the relay and control panels remote from the circuit breaker, or
from supervisory controls remote from the substation.

CIRCUIT BREAKER

29
 CONTROL AND RELAY ROOM

The Control and Relay room consist of many sections, by combined operations of these sections the Control
and Relay sections performs controlling operations of substation.

Various sections of C&R are following.

• Control and Relay panel

• Battery charging system

• DCDB & ACDB

1. CONTROL AND RELAY PANEL

Each bay of the gas protected substation (GIS) is furnished with a control cabinet for local control and

checking of the individual operation and is for the most part put in front or adjoining their GIS bays relying

upon the voltage level. The control panel is metal encased, detached, made of sheet steel, and gave a

lockable pivoted entryway and door worked lights. The nearby control cabinet has all vital control switches,

neighbourhood/off/remote lockable selector switches, close and open switches, estimating instruments, all

position markers for circuit breakers, separate switches and establishing switches, alerts, mirror graph, AC

and DC supply terminals, control and auxiliary relay, et cetera.

The control panel is composed so as to encourage full and free control and checking of the GIS locally. All

electronic parts inside the bay control panel are intended to work palatably for the predefined venture

necessity. No less than 20% of each extra contact (NO (Normally open) and NC (normally close)) are

provided with an auxiliary relay for future work.

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CONTROL AND RELAY PANEL

31
BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEM

32
 DCDB & ACDB

ACDB(Alternating current distribution)

33
 DCDB
(Direct current distribution)

34
BATTERIES ROOM

35
 GENERAL SEQUENCE OF BASIC COMPONENT MOUNTED IN

SUBSTATION

LA: LIGHTINIG ARRESTER

PT: POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

LI: LINE SIDE ISOLATOR

CT: CURRENT TRANSFORMER

CB: CIRCUIT BREAKER

BI: BUS SIDE ISOLATOR

BUS

36
 CONCLUSIONS

The GIS equipment uses the same type of equipment as the AIS substation, such as circuit breakers,
disconnectors, earthing switches, current and voltage transformers, but in a different way. With the metallic
container the high voltage parts are not easily accessible. This gives excellent safety separation from
energized elements. It also helps to minimize atmospheric contamination and corrosion of the energized
elements. The enclosure also presents a disadvantage, if operations or union contracts need a visible means
of disconnection for the switches. Nevertheless, this can be resolved with the use of view ports. In some
situations, camera systems are installed in the view ports for convenient verifications. For earthing of bus or
equipment parts, earthing switches have to be installed in the GIS. The end user and GIS manufacturers have
to review the design to make sure all required earthing operations and maintenance requirements are met.
This is different to that of the AIS substation where a earth cable can be installed at any section of the air
insulated substation. The use of earthing switches versus portable or personnel safety grounds may be a new
concept to operations and maintenance staff, but with adequate training staff will understand there is no
difference in the provided safety and protection.

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38
39
40
41
There are 2x160 MVA Transformers are inside substation:

5. 160 MVA Transformer ( Made by Bharat Bijli Limited )

6. 160 MVA Transformer( Made by BHEL )

 Usually there are two transformers of 160 MVA is used because if any fault will occur in any one
transformer then the supply will not be disturbed any how.

 A wall is used between these two transformers because if any damage will occur in any one
transformer then it will not affect the other transformer.

 The Input and Output of the transformer consist of following parts:

LA (Lighting Arrester), CVT (Capacitve Voltage Transformer) , CSC (Cable Transmission Kit).

 Basically LA part in the transformer used to catch up the sky lighting or over voltage and transfer it to
the ground because LA is earthed to the ground level.

 CVT ( Capacitive Voltage Transformer) used for Metering (Voltage monitering).

 CSC ( Cable Transmission Kit) is used for joint outdoor/indoor Cable and conductor

 Fans are used for maintain the Temparature of the Transformer and Transformer oil.

42
 A pipe line is surrounded around the transformer for mulcifire system.

 CTR Used for Protection of Transformer.

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44