5.

Write C programs to illustrate the following IPC mechanisms

a)Pipes b)FIFOs c)MessageQueues d)SharedMemory

Pipes
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
#include<unistd.h>
Int main()
{
int fd1[2];
intfd2[2];
charfixed_str[]="Welcome";
charinput_str[100];
pid_t p;
if(pipe(fd1)==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"pipe failed");
return1;
}
if(pipe(fd2)==-1)
{
fprintf(stderr,"pipe failed");
return1;
}
scanf("%s",input_str);
p=fork();
if(p<0){
fprintf(stderr,"forkfailed");
return1;
}
elseif(p>0){
charconcat_str[100];
close(fd1[0]);
write(fd1[1],input_str,strlen(input_str)+1);
close(fd1[1]);
wait(NULL);
close(fd2[1]);
read(fd2[0],concat_str,100);
printf("concatenated string %s\n",concat_str);
close(fd2[0]);
}
else{
close(fd1[1]);
char concat_str[100];
read(fd1[0],concat_str,100);
intk=strlen(concat_str);
 int i;
for(i=0;i<strlen(fixed_str);i++)
concat_str[k++]=fixed_str[i];
concat_str[k]='\0';
close(fd1[0]);
close(fd2[0]);
write(fd2[1],concat_str,strlen(concat_str)+1);
close(fd2[1]);
exit(0);
}
}

OUTPUT
ubuntu@DESKTOP-B8CV2UR:~$
./a.outHi
concatenated string
HiWelcomeubuntu@DESKTOP-
B8CV2UR:~$

FIFOs
Fifo writer code

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<unistd.h>
Int main()
{
int fd;
char
*myfifo="/home/ubuntu/myfifo";mkfi
fo(myfifo,0666);
chararr1[80],arr2[80];
while(1)
{
fd=open(myfifo,O_WRONLY);
fgets(arr2,80,stdin);
write(fd, arr2,strlen(arr2)+1);
close(fd);
fd=open(myfifo,O_RDONLY);
read(fd,arr1,sizeof(arr1));
printf("USer2: %s\n",arr1);
close(fd);
}
return0;
}
Fiforeaderscode

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<unistd.h>
int main()
{
int fd;
char *
myfifo="/home/ubuntu/myfifo";mkfifo
(myfifo,0666);
char str1[80],str2[80];
while(1)
{
fd=open(myfifo,O_RDONLY);
read(fd,str1,80);
printf("User1: %s\n",str1);
close(fd);
fd=open(myfifo,O_WRONLY);
fgets(str2,80,stdin);
write(fd,str2,strlen(str2)+1);
close(fd);
}
return0;
}

OUTPUT
//simultaneouslyexecutebothwriteandreadercodeintwoterminals
 MessageQueues
//sendercode

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/msg.h>
#define MAX_TEXT 512
struct my_msg{
long int msg_type;
char some_text[MAX_TEXT];
};
int main()
{
int running=1;
int msgid;
struct my_msgsome_data;
char buffer[50];
msgid=msgget((key_t)14534,0666|IPC_CREAT);
if(msgid ==-1)
{
printf("Errorincreatingqueue\n");e
xit(0);
 }

while(running)
{
printf("Enter some text:\n");
fgets(buffer,50,stdin);
some_data.msg_type=1;
strcpy(some_data.some_text,buffer);
if(msgsnd(msgid,(void*)&some_data, MAX_TEXT,0)==-1)
{
printf("Msgnotsent\n");
}
if(strncmp(buffer,"end",3)==0)
{
running=0;
}
}
}
//Receivercode
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/msg.h>
struct my_msg{
long int msg_type;
char some_text[BUFSIZ];
};
int main()
{
int running=1;
int msgid;
struct my_msgsome_data;
long int msg_to_rec=0;
msgid=msgget((key_t)12345,0666|IPC_CREAT);
while(running)
{
msg rcv(msgid,(void
*)&some_data,BUFSIZ,msg_to_rec,0);
printf("Data received: %s\n",some_data.some_text);
if(strncmp(some_data.some_text,"end",3)==0)
{
 running=0;
}
}
msgctl(msgid,IPC_RMID,0);
}
OUTPUT
//ExecutionissameasasFIFO

SharedMemory
//Writer
code#include<stdlib.
h>#include<string.h
>#include<sys/shm.h
>#include<stdio.h>#i
nclude<unistd.h>int
main()
{
int i;
void *
shared_memory;charbu
ff[100];
intshmid;shmid=shmget((key_t)2345,1024,0666|IPC_
CREAT);printf("key of shared memory is
%d\n",shmid);shared_memory=shmat(shmid,NULL,0)
;printf("Process attached at
%p\n",shared_memory);printf("Enter some data to
write to shared memory\n");read(0,buff,100);
strcpy(shared_memory,buff);
printf("youwrote:%s\n",(char*)shared_memory);
}

//Readers Code
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>
#include<string.h>
Int main(){
int i;
void* shared_memory;
char buff[100];
int shmid;
shmid=shmget((key_t)2345,1024,0666);
 printf("keyof sharedmemory is %d\n",shmid);
shared_memory=shmat(shmid,NULL,0);
printf("processattacehedat%p\n",shared_memory);
printf("Datareadformsharedmemroyis%s\n",(char*)shared_memory);
}

OUTPUT

Viva questions:

a: What is IPC?
Ans: Inter Process Communication (IPC) is a mechanism that involves communication of one process
with another process

b: What are Pipes?

Ans: Pipes is used for communication between two related processes, the mechanism used in pipes is
half duplex i.e., only one way communication is possible

c: What is FIFO?
Ans: b. FIFO (First-In- First-Out) named pipe are meant for communication between unrelated
process, the mechanism used in FIFO is full duplex i.e., same single named pipe can be used for two-
way communication

d: What is Message Queue?

Ans: It support communication between two or more processes with full duplex capacity, the
processes will communicate with each other by posting a message and retrieving it out of the queue.

e: What is Shared Memory?

Ans: Communication between two or more processes is achieved through a shared piece of memory
among all processes, the shared memory needs to be protected from each other by synchronizing
access to all the processes.