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    Addressing Modes

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    Sandeep Kumar Yadav
    Addressing modes specify how operands in instructions are accessed. There are several types of addressing modes including immediate, register, register indirect, auto increment/decrement, direct, indirect, displacement, relative, base register, and stack addressing modes. Addressing modes give programming versatility and reduce the number of bits needed in instruction addressing fields.

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    Addressing Modes

    Uploaded by

    Sandeep Kumar Yadav
    16 views4 pages
    Addressing modes specify how operands in instructions are accessed. There are several types of addressing modes including immediate, register, register indirect, auto increment/decrement, direct, indirect, displacement, relative, base register, and stack addressing modes. Addressing modes give programming versatility and reduce the number of bits needed in instruction addressing fields.

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    Aktu addressing mode

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    Addressing modes specify how operands in instructions are accessed. There are several types of addressing modes including immediate, register, register indirect, auto increment/decrement, direct, indirect, displacement, relative, base register, and stack addressing modes. Addressing modes give programming versatility and reduce the number of bits needed in instruction addressing fields.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    16 views4 pages

    Addressing Modes

    Uploaded by

    Sandeep Kumar Yadav
    Addressing modes specify how operands in instructions are accessed. There are several types of addressing modes including immediate, register, register indirect, auto increment/decrement, direct, indirect, displacement, relative, base register, and stack addressing modes. Addressing modes give programming versatility and reduce the number of bits needed in instruction addressing fields.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Addressing Modes

    The operation field of an instruction specifies the operation to be performed. This operation will
    be executed on some data which is stored in computer registers or the main memory. The way
    any operand is selected during the program execution is dependent on the addressing mode of the
    instruction. The purpose of using addressing modes is as follows:

    1. To give the programming versatility to the user.


    2. To reduce the number of bits in addressing field of instruction.

    Types of Addressing Modes


    Below we have discussed different types of addressing modes one by one:

    Immediate Mode
    In this mode, the operand is specified in the instruction itself. An immediate mode instruction
    has an operand field rather than the address field.
    For example: ADD 7, which says Add 7 to contents of accumulator. 7 is the operand here.

    Register Mode
    In this mode the operand is stored in the register and this register is present in CPU. The
    instruction has the address of the Register where the operand is stored.

    Advantages
     Shorter instructions and faster instruction fetch.
     Faster memory access to the operand(s)

    Disadvantages

     Very limited address space


     Using multiple registers helps performance but it complicates the instructions.

    Register Indirect Mode


    In this mode, the instruction specifies the register whose contents give us the address of operand
    which is in memory. Thus, the register contains the address of operand rather than the operand
    itself.

    Auto Increment/Decrement Mode


    In this the register is incremented or decremented after or before its value is used.

    Direct Addressing Mode


    In this mode, effective address of operand is present in instruction itself.

     Single memory reference to access data.


     No additional calculations to find the effective address of the operand.
    For Example: ADD R1, 4000 - In this the 4000 is effective address of operand.
    NOTE: Effective Address is the location where operand is present.

    Indirect Addressing Mode


    In this, the address field of instruction gives the address where the effective address is stored in
    memory. This slows down the execution, as this includes multiple memory lookups to find the
    operand.
    Displacement Addressing Mode
    In this the contents of the indexed register is added to the Address part of the instruction, to
    obtain the effective address of operand.
    EA = A + (R), In this the address field holds two values, A(which is the base value) and R(that
    holds the displacement), or vice versa.

    Relative Addressing Mode


    It is a version of Displacement addressing mode.
    In this the contents of PC(Program Counter) is added to address part of instruction to obtain the
    effective address.
    EA = A + (PC), where EA is effective address and PC is program counter.
    The operand is A cells away from the current cell(the one pointed to by PC)

    Base Register Addressing Mode


    It is again a version of Displacement addressing mode. This can be defined as EA = A + (R),
    where A is displacement and R holds pointer to base address.

    Stack Addressing Mode


    In this mode, operand is at the top of the stack. For example: ADD, this instruction will POP top
    two items from the stack, add them, and will then PUSH the result to the top of the stack.

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