Companies CRAR 2019

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS

NOTIFICATION
New Delhi, 30th June 2014,
(As amended by the Cost Records and Audit amendment Rules, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019)
G.S.R.425(E)– In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-sections (1) and (2) of section 469 and section
148 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013) and in supersession of Companies (Cost Accounting
Records) Rules, 2011; Companies (Cost Audit Report) Rules, 2011; Cost Accounting Records
(Telecommunication Industry) Rules, 2011; Cost Accounting Records (Petroleum Industry) Rules, 2011;
Cost Accounting Records (Electricity Industry) Rules, 2011; Cost Accounting Records (Sugar Industry)
Rules, 2011; Cost Accounting Records (Fertilizer Industry) Rules, 2011 and Cost Accounting Records
(Pharmaceutical Industry) Rules, 2011, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before
such supersession, the Central Government hereby makes the following rules, namely:-
1. Short title and commencement.-(1) These rules may be called the Companies (Cost Records and
Audit) Rules, 2014.
(2) They shall come into force on the date of publication in the Official Gazette.
1
(3) The companies who have already filed their Cost Audit Report in form CRA-4 for the financial year
2018-19 with the Central Government before the publication of this notification are not required to file
their Cost Audit Report for the said financial year.
2. Definitions: In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires-
(a) “Act” means the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013);
(aa) “Customs Tariff Act Heading” means the heading as referred to in the Additional Notes in the First
Schedule to the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 (51 of 1975). 2
(b) “Cost Accountant in practice” means a cost accountant as defined in clause (b) of sub-section (1) of
section 2 of the Cost and Works Accountants Act, 1959 (23 of 1959), who holds a valid certificate of
practice under sub-section (1) of section 6 of that Act and who is deemed to be in practice under sub-
section (2) of section 2 thereof, and includes a firm or limited liability partnership of cost accountants;
(c) “cost auditor” means a Cost Accountant in practice, as defined in clause (b), who is appointed by
the Board;
(d) “cost audit report” means the duly signed cost auditor’s report on the cost records examined and
cost statements which are prepared as per these rules, including attachment, annexure, qualifications
or observations attached with or included in such report;”3
1
Inserted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019 dated 15th October 2019
2
Inserted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Second Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to its substitution it was read as under:
“Central Excise Tariff Act Heading” means the heading as referred to in the Additional Notes in the First Schedule to the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985[5 of 1986]
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(e) “cost records” means books of account relating to utilisation of materials, labour and other items of
cost as applicable to the production of goods or provision of services as provided in section 148 of the
Act and these rules;
(f) “form” means a form annexed to these rules;
(fa) "Indian Accounting Standards" means Indian Accounting Standards as referred to in Companies
(Indian Accounting Standards) Rules, 2015.4
(g) “institute” means the Institute of Cost Accountants of India constituted under the Cost and Works
Accountants Act, 1959 (23 of 1959);
(h) all other words and expressions used in these rules but not defined, and defined in the Act or in the
Companies (Specification of Definition Details) Rules, 2014 shall have the same meanings as assigned
to them in the Act or in the said rules.
3. Application of Cost Records5:-6For the purpose of sub-section (1) of Section 148 of the Act, the class
of companies, including foreign companies defined in clause (42) of section 2 of the Act, engaged in the
3
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2016. Prior to its substitution read as under:
(d) “cost audit report” means the report duly audited and signed by the cost auditor including attachment, annexure, qualifications or observations etc. to cost audit report;
4
Inserted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017
5
3. Application of cost records.- For the purpose of sub-section (1) of section 148 of the Act, the following class of companies, including Foreign Companies defined in sub-section (42) of section 2 of the Act,
shall be required to include cost records in their books of account, namely:-
(A) Companies engaged in the production of following goods in strategic sectors, such as:
(a) (i)machinery and mechanical appliances used in defence, space and atomic energy sectors excluding any ancillary item or items;
Explanation: - For the purposes of this sub-clause, any company which is engaged in any item or items supplied exclusively for use under this clause, shall be deemed to be covered
under these rules.
(ii)turbo jets and turbo propellers;
(iii)arms and ammunitions;
(iv) propellant powders; prepared explosives, (other than propellant powders); safety fuses; detonating fuses; percussion or detonating caps; igniters; electric detonators;
(v) radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus and radio remote control apparatus;
(vi)tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles, motorised, whether or not fitted with weapons and parts of such vehicles, that are funded (investment made in the company) to
the extent of ninety per cent. or more by the Government or Government Agencies;
(b) provisions of clause (A) shall be applicable, if the net worth of the company is rupees five hundred crore or more or the turnover is rupees five hundred crore or more.
(B) companies engaged in an industry regulated by a Sectoral Regulator or a Ministry or Department of Central Government:
(a) (i) Port services of stevedoring, pilotage, hauling, mooring, re-mooring, hooking, measuring, loading and unloading services rendered by a Port in relation to a vessel or goods
regulated by the Tariff Authority for Major Ports under section 111 of the Major Port Trusts Act, 1963(38 of 1963);
(ii) Aeronautical services of air traffic management, aircraft operations, ground safety services, ground handling, cargo facilities and supplying fuel rendered by airports and
regulated by the Airports Economic Regulatory Authority under the Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India Act, 2008 (27 of 2008);
(iii) Telecommunication services made available to users by means of any transmission or reception of signs, signals, writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature
(other than broadcasting services) and regulated by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India under the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Act, 1997 (24 of 1997);
(iv) Generation, transmission, distribution and supply of electricity regulated by the relevant regulatory body or authority under the Electricity Act, 2003 (36 of 2003), other than
for captive generation (as defined under the Electricity Rules 2005);
(v) Steel;
(vi) Roads and other infrastructure projects;
(vii) Drugs and Pharmaceuticals;
(viii) Fertilisers;
(ix) Sugar and industrial alcohol;
(x) Petroleum products regulated by the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board under the Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006(19 of 2006);
(xi) Rubber and allied products being regulated by the Rubber Board.
(b) For the purposes of clause (B), the thresholds limit shall be as under, -
(i) in the case of a multi-product or a multi services company (i.e. a company producing more than one product or service), any product or a service for which the individual
turnover (from such specific product or such specific service) is rupees fifty crore or more;
(ii) in the case of a company, producing any one specific product or service, if the net worth of the company is rupees one hundred and fifty crore or more or the turnover is
rupees twenty five crore or more.
(c) in the case of companies engaged in an industry regulated by a sectoral regulator, the requirements of sectoral regulator regarding cost records shall be taken into account.
(C) Companies operating in areas involving public interest such as:
(a) (i) Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling stock, railway or tramway fixtures and fittings, mechanical (including electro mechanical) traffic signalling equipment’s of all kind;
(ii) Mineral products including cement;
(iii) Ores;
(iv) Mineral fuels (other than Petroleum), mineral oils etc.;
(v) Base metals;
(vi) Inorganic chemicals, organic or inorganic compounds of precious metals, rare-earth metals of radioactive elements or isotopes, and Organic Chemicals;
(vii) Jute and Jute Products;
(viii) Edible Oil under Administrative Price Mechanism;
(ix) Construction Industry;
(x) Companies engaged in health services viz. functioning as or running hospitals, diagnostic centres, clinical centres or test laboratories;
(xi) Companies engaged in education services, other than such similar services falling under philanthropy or as part of social spend which do not form part of any business.
(b) For the purposes of clause (C), the thresholds limit shall be as under, -
(i) in the case of a multi-product or a multi services company (i.e. a company producing more than one product or service), any product or a service for which the individual
turnover (from such specific product or such specific service) is rupees fifty crore or more;
(ii) in the case of a company producing any one specific product or service, if the net worth of the company is rupees one hundred and fifty crore or more or the turnover is rupees
twenty five crore or more.
(D) Companies (including foreign companies other than those having only liaison offices) engaged in the production, import and supply or trading of following medical devices, namely:-
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production of the goods or providing services, specified in the Table below, having an overall turnover
from all its products and services of rupees thirty five crore or more during the immediately preceding
financial year, shall include cost records for such products or services in their books of account,
namely:-
(A) Regulated Sectors
Sl.no Industry /Sector/ Product/Service Customs Tariff Act

Heading7
(wherever applicable)
1. Telecommunication services made available to users by Not applicable

means of any transmission or reception of signs, signals,
writing, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature
and regulated by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of
India under the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
Act, 1997 (24 of 1997); including activities that requires
authorisation or license issued by the Department of
Telecommunications, Government of India under Indian
Telegraph Act, 1885 (13 of 1885);
2. Generation, transmission, distribution and supply of Generation – 2716;

electricity regulated by the relevant regulatory body or Other Activity – Not
authority under the Electricity Act, 2003 (36 of 2003); Applicable
3. Petroleum products; including activities regulated by the 2709 to 2715;

Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board under the Other Activity – Not
Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006 Applicable
(19 of 2006);
(a) (i) Cardiac Stents;

(contd. from page 2)
(ii) Drug Eluting Stents;
(iii) Catheters;
(iv) Intra Ocular Lenses;
(v) Bone Cements;
(vi) Heart Valves;
(vii) Orthopaedic Implants;
(viii) Internal Prosthetic Replacements;
(ix) Scalp Vein Set;
(x) Deep Brain Stimulator;
(xi) Ventricular peripheral Shud;
(xii) Spinal Implants;
(xiii) Automatic Impalpable Cardiac Deflobillator;
(xiv)Pacemaker (temporary and permanent);
(xv) patent ductusarteriosus, atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect closure device;
(xvi) Cardiac Re-synchronize Therapy ;
(xvii) Urethra Spinicture Devices;
(xviii) Sling male or female;
(xix) Prostate occlusion device; and
(xx) Urethral Stents.
(b) For the purposes of clause (D), the thresholds limit shall be as under, -
(i) in the case of a company engaged in multiple products, any product or device for which the individual turnover (from such specific product or device) is rupees ten crore or
more, or one third of the turnover, whichever is less.
(ii) in the case of a company engaged in one specific product or device, if it has net worth of rupees one hundred and fifty crore or more or the turnover is rupees twenty five
crores or more;
6
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2016.
7
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Second Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to its substitution it was read as “CETA Heading”
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4. Drugs and pharmaceuticals; 2901 to 2942; 3001 to
3006.
5. Fertilisers; 3102 to 3105.
6. Sugar and industrial alcohol; 1701; 1703; 2207.
(B) Non-regulated Sectors
SN Industry/ Sector/ Product/ Service Customs Tariff Act Heading

8
(wherever applicable)
1. Machinery and mechanical appliances used in defence, 8401; 8801 to 8805; 8901
space and atomic energy sectors excluding and ancillary to 8908
item or items;
Explanation – For the purposes of this sub- clause any
company which is engaged in any item or items
supplied exclusively for use under this clause, shall be
deemed to be covered under these rules.
2. Turbo jets and turbo propellers; 8411
3. Arms and ammunitions and Explosives; 3601 to 3603; 9301 to

9306.
4. Propellant powders; prepared explosives (other than 3601 to 3603

propellant powders); safety fuses; detonating fuses;
percussion or detonating caps; igniters; electric
detonators;
5. Radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus and 8526

radio remote control apparatus;
6. Tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles, motorized, 8710

whether or not fitted with weapons and parts of such
vehicles, that are funded (investment made in the
company) to the extent of ninety per cent, or more by
the Government or Government agencies;
7. Port services of stevedoring, pilotage, hauling, mooring, Not applicable.

re-mooring, hooking, measuring, loading and unloading
services rendered for9 a Port in relation to a vessel or
goods regulated by the Tariff Authority for Major Ports
under the Major Ports Trusts Act, 1963 (38 of 1963)10;
8
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Second Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to its substitution it was read as “CETA Heading”
9
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2018. Prior to its substitution it was read as “by”
10
Inserted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2018.
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8. Aeronautical services of air traffic management, aircraft Not applicable.
operations, ground safety services, ground handling,
cargo facilities and supplying fuel rendered at the11
airports and regulated by the Airports Economic
Regulatory Authority under the Airports Economic
Regulatory Authority of India Act, 2008 (27 of 2008);
9. Iron and Steel; 7201 to 7229; 7301 to

7326
10. Roads and other infrastructure projects corresponding Not applicable.

to para No.(1) (a) as specified in Schedule VI of the
Companies Act, 2013;
11. Rubber and allied products; including products 4001 to 4017

regulated by the Rubber Board constituted under the
Rubber Act, 1947 (XXIV of 1947);12
12. Coffee and tea; 0901 to 0902
13. Railway or tramway locomotives, rolling stock, railway 8601 to 8608; 860913.
or tramway fixtures and fittings, mechanical (including
electro mechanical) traffic signaling equipment’s of all
kind;
14. Cement; 2523; 6811 to 6812
15. Ores and Mineral Products; 2502 to 2522; 2524 to

2526; 2528 to 2530; 2601
to 2617
16. Mineral fuels (other than Petroleum), mineral oils etc.; 2701 to 2708
17. Base metals; 7401 to 7403; 7405 to

7413; 7419; 7501 to 7508;
7601 to 7614; 7801 to
7802; 7804; 7806; 7901 to
7905; 7907; 8001; 8003;
8007; 8101 to 8113.
18. Inorganic chemicals, organic or inorganic compounds of 2801 to 2853; 2901 to

precious metals, rare-earth metals of radioactive 2942; 3801 to 3807; 3402
elements or isotopes, and Organic Chemicals; to 3403; 3809 to 3824.
11
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2018. Prior to its substitution it was read as “by”
12
13
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19. Jute and Jute Products; 5303, 530714, 5310
20. Edible Oil; 1507 to 1518
21. Construction Industry as per para No.(5) (a) as specified Not applicable.
in Schedule VI of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013)
22. Health services, namely functioning as or running Not applicable.

hospitals, diagnostic centres, clinical centres or test
laboratories;
23. Education services, other than such similar services Not applicable.
falling under philanthropy or as part of social spend
which do not form part of any business.
24. Milk powder; 0402
25. Insecticides; 3808
26. Plastics and Polymers; 3901 to 3914; 3916

to3921; 3925
27. Tyres and Tubes; 4011 to 4013
28. Pulp and 15Paper; 4701 to 470416; 4801 to

4802
29. Textiles; 5004 to 5007; 5106 to

5113; 5205 to 5212; 5303;
5307;17 5310; 5401 to
5408; 5501 to 5516
30. Glass; 7003 to 7008; 7011; 7016
31. Other machinery and Mechanical Appliances; 8402 to 8487
32. Electricals or electronic machinery; 8501 to 8507; 8511 to

8512; 8514 to 8515; 8517;
8525 to 8536; 8538 to
8547.
33. Production, import and supply or trading of following 9018 to 9022

medical devices, namely:-
(i) Cardiac stents;
14
15
16
17
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(ii) Drug eluting stents;
(iii) Catheters;
(iv) Intra ocular lenses;;
(v) Bone cements;
(vi) Heart valves;
(vii) Orthopaedic implants
(viii) Internal prosthetic replacements;
(ix) Scalp vein set;
(x) Deep brain stimulator
(xi) Ventricular peripheral shud;
(xii) Spinal implants;
(xiii) Automatic impalpable cardiac defibrillators18;
(xiv) Pacemaker (temporary and permanent);
(xv) Patent ductusarteriosus, atrial septal defect and
ventricular septal defect closure device;
(xvi) Cardiac re-synchronize therapy;
(xvii) Urethra spinicture devices
(xviii) Sling male or female;
(xix) Prostate occlusion device; and
(xx) Urethral stents;
Provided that nothing contained in serial number 33 shall apply to foreign companies having only
liaison offices.
Provided further that nothing contained in this rule shall apply to a company which is classified as a
micro enterprise or a small enterprise including as per the turnover criteria under sub-section (9) of
section 7 of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 (27 of 2006).
4. Applicability for cost audit19:-(1)Every company specified in item (A) of rule 3 shall get its cost
records audited in accordance with these rules if the overall annual turnover of the company from all
18
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2018. Prior to its substitution it was read as “deflobillator”
19
4. Applicability for cost audit.-
(1) Every company engaged in a strategic industry and covered under sub-clause (b) of clause (A) of rule 3 shall be required to get its cost records audited in accordance with these rules.
(2) In the case of a multi-product or a multi services company specified in sub-clause (b) of clause (B) and sub-clause (b) of clause (C) of rule 3, the requirement for cost audit shall apply to a product or a
service for which the individual turnover (from such specific product or such specific service) is rupees one hundred crore or more;
(3) In the case of a company producing any one specific product or service specified in sub-clause (b) of clause (B) and sub-clause (b) of clause (C) of rule 3, the requirement for cost audit shall apply if the net
worth of the company is rupees five hundred crore or more or the turnover from such product or such service is rupees one hundred crore or more.
(4) In the case of a company engaged in medical products or devices referred to in sub-clause (b) of clause (D) of rule 3, -
(i) which has multiple products or devices (i.e. a company producing, importing and supplying or trading in more than one medical device or product), the requirement for cost audit shall apply
to a medical device or product for which the individual turnover (from such specific medical device or product) is rupees ten crore or more, or one third of the turnover, whichever is less;
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its products and services during the immediately preceding financial year is rupees fifty crore or more
and the aggregate turnover of the individual product or products or service or services for which cost
records are required to be maintained under rule 3 is rupees twenty five crore or more.
(2) Every company specified in item (B) of rule 3 shall get its cost records audited in accordance with
these rules if the overall annual turnover of the company from all its products and services during the
immediately preceding financial year is rupees one hundred crore or more and the aggregate turnover
of the individual product or products or service or services for which cost records are required to be
maintained under rule 3 is rupees thirty five crore or more.
(3) The requirement for cost audit under these rules shall not apply to a company which is covered in
rule 3, and-
(i) whose revenue from exports, in foreign exchange, exceeds seventy five per cent of its total
revenue; or
(ii) which is operating from a special economic zone.
(iii) which is engaged in generation of electricity for captive consumption through Captive
Generating Plant. For this purpose, the term “Captive Generating Plant” shall have the same
meaning as assigned in rule 3 of the Electricity Rules, 2005;20
5. Maintenance of records.- (1) Every company under these rules including all units and branches
thereof, shall, in respect of each of its financial year commencing on or after the 1st day of April, 2014,
maintain cost records in form CRA-1.
Provided that in case of company covered in serial number 12 and serial numbers 24 to 32 of item (B)
of rule 3, the requirement under this rule shall apply in respect of each of its financial years
commencing on or after 1st day of April, 2015.21
(2) The cost records referred to in sub-rule (1) shall be maintained on regular basis in such manner as
to facilitate calculation of per unit cost of production or cost of operations, cost of sales and margin for
each of its products and activities for every financial year on monthly or quarterly or half-yearly or
annual basis.
(3) The cost records shall be maintained in such manner so as to enable the company to exercise, as
far as possible, control over the various operations and costs to achieve optimum economies in
utilisation of resources and these records shall also provide necessary data which is required to be
furnished under these rules.
6. Cost audit.- (1) The category of companies specified in rule 3 and the thresholds limits laid down in
rule 4,shall within one hundred and eighty days of the commencement of every financial year, appoint
a cost auditor.
(ii) which has only one product or device (i.e. a company producing, importing and supplying or trading one medical device or product), the requirement for cost audit shall apply if the net
worth of the company is rupees one hundred fifty crores or more or the turnover is rupees twenty five crores or more.
20
21
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Provided that before such appointment is made, the written consent of the cost auditor to such
appointment, and a certificate from him or it, as provided in sub-rule (1A), shall be obtained22
(1A) The cost auditor appointed under sub-rule (1) shall submit a certificate that –
(a) the individual or the firm, as the case may be, is eligible for appointment and is not disqualified
for appointment under the Act, the Cost and Works Accountants Act, 1959 (23 of 1959) and the
rules or regulations made thereunder;
(b) the individual or the firm, as the case may be, satisfies the criteria provided in section 141 of
the Act, so far as may be applicable;
(c) the proposed appointment is within the limits laid down by or under the authority of the Act;
and
(d) the list of proceedings against the cost auditor or audit firm or any partner of the audit firm
pending with respect to professional matters of conduct, as disclosed in the certificate, is true and
correct;23
(2) Every company referred to in sub-rule (1) shall inform the cost auditor concerned of his or its
appointment as such and file a notice of such appointment with the Central Government within a
period of thirty days of the Board meeting in which such appointment is made or within a period of
one hundred and eighty days of the commencement of the financial year, whichever is earlier, through
electronic mode, in form CRA-2, along with the fee as specified in Companies (Registration Offices and
Fees) Rules, 2014.
(3) Every cost auditor appointed as such shall continue in such capacity till the expiry of one hundred
and eighty days from the closure of the financial year or till he submits the cost audit report, for the
financial year for which he has been appointed.
Provided that the cost auditor appointed under these rules may be removed from his office before the
expiry of his term, through a board resolution after giving a reasonable opportunity of being heard to
the Cost Auditor and recording the reasons for such removal in writing;
Provided further that the Form CRA-2 to be filed with the Central Government for intimating appointment
of another cost auditor shall enclose the relevant Board Resolution to the effect;
Provided also that nothing contained in this sub-rule shall prejudice the right of the cost auditor to resign
from such office of the company;24
(3A) Any casual vacancy in the office of a cost auditor, whether due to resignation, death or removal, shall
be filled by the Board of Directors within thirty days of occurrence of such vacancy and the company shall
inform the Central Government in Form CRA-2 within thirty days of such appointment of cost auditor.25
22
23
24
25
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(3B) The cost statements, including other statements to be annexed to the cost audit report, shall be
approved by the Board of Directors before they are signed on behalf of the Board by any of the director
authorised by the Board, for submission to the cost auditor to report thereon;26
(4) Every cost auditor, who conducts an audit of the cost records of a company, shall submit the cost audit
report along with his or its reservations or qualifications or observations or suggestions, if any, in form CRA-
3.
(5) Every cost auditor shall forward his duly signed report to the Board of Directors of the company within a
period of one hundred and eighty days from the closure of the financial year to which the report relates
and the Board of Directors shall consider and examine such report, particularly any reservation or
qualification contained therein.27
(6) Every company covered under these rules shall, within a period of thirty days from the date of receipt of
a copy of the cost audit report, furnish the Central Government with such report alongwith full information
and explanation on every reservation or qualification contained therein, in Form CRA-4 in Extensible
Business Reporting Language format in the manner as specified in the Companies (Filing of Documents and
Forms in Extensible Business Reporting language) Rules, 2015 alongwith fees specified in the Companies
(Registration Offices and Fees) Rules, 2014.28
Provided that the Companies which have got extension of time of holding Annual General Meeting under
section 96 (1) of the Companies Act, 2013, may file form CRA-4 within resultant extended period of filing
financial statements under section 137 of the Companies Act, 2013.29
(7) The provisions of sub-section (12) of section 143 of the Act and the relevant rules made thereunder
shall apply mutatis mutandis to a cost auditor during performance of his functions under section 148 of the
Act and these rules.
7. 30Omitted
31
FORM CRA-1
(Pursuant to rule 5(1) of the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules, 2014)
Particulars relating to the Items of Costs to be included in the Books of Accounts
1. Material Costs-
(a) Proper records shall be maintained showing separately all receipts, issues and balances both in quantities and cost of
each item of raw material required for the production of goods or rendering of services under reference.
26
27
(5) Every cost auditor shall forward his report to the Board of Directors of the company within a period of one hundred and eighty days from the closure of the financial year to which the report relates and
the Board of directors shall consider and examine such report particularly any reservation or qualification contained therein.
28
(6) Every company covered under these rules shall, within a period of thirty days from the date of receipt of a copy of the cost audit report, furnish the Central Government with such report alongwith full
information and explanation on every reservation or qualification contained therein, in form CRA-4 alongwith fees specified in the Companies (Registration Offices and Fees) Rules, 2014.
29
30
Omitted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2014. Prior to its omission read as under:
Rules not to apply in certain cases.- The requirement for cost audit under these rules shall not be applicable to a company which is covered under rule 3, and,
(i) whose revenue from exports, in foreign exchange, exceeds seventy five per cent of its total revenue or
(ii) which is operating from a special economic zone.
31
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(b) The material receipt shall be valued at purchase price including duties and taxes, freight inwards, insurance, and other
expenditure directly attributable to procurement (net of trade discounts, rebates, taxes and duties refundable or to be
credited by the taxing authorities) that can be quantified with reasonable accuracy at the time of acquisition.
(c) Finance costs incurred in connection with the acquisition of materials shall not form part of material cost.
(d) Self-manufactured materials or captive consumption shall be valued including direct material cost, direct employee
cost, direct expenses, factory overheads, share of administrative overheads relating to production but excluding share
of other administrative overheads, finance cost and marketing overheads.
(e) Spare parts shall be recognised as property, plant and equipment when they meet the definition of property, plant and
32
equipment and depreciated accordingly. Otherwise, such items shall be classified as inventory.
(f) Normal loss or spoilage of material prior to reaching the factory or at places where the services are provided shall be
absorbed in the cost of balance materials net of amounts recoverable from suppliers, insurers, carriers or recoveries
from disposal.
(g) Losses due to shrinkage or evaporation and gain due to elongation or absorption of moisture etc., before the material
is received shall be absorbed in material cost to the extent they are normal, with corresponding adjustment in the
quantity.
(h) The forex component of imported material cost shall be converted at the rate on the date of the transaction. Any
subsequent change in the exchange rate till payment or otherwise shall not form part of the material cost.
(i) Any demurrage or detention charges, or penalty levied by transport or other authorities shall not form part of the cost
of materials.
(j) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to any material cost shall be
reduced from cost of the cost object in the financial year when such subsidy or grant or incentive and any such
33
payment is recognised as income.
(k) lssues shall be valued using appropriate method as per the provisions contained in the accounting standard applicable
34
for the time being in force.
(l) Where materials are accounted at standard cost, the price variances related to materials shall be treated as part of
material cost.
(m) Any abnormal cost shall be excluded from the material cost.
(n) Wherever, material costs include transportation costs, determination of costs of transportation shall be governed by
Para No. 9 on Determination of Cost of Transportation.
(o) Self-manufactured components and sub-assemblies or captive consumption shall be valued including direct material
cost, direct employee cost, direct expenses, factory overheads, share of administrative overheads relating to
production but excluding share of other administrative overheads, finance cost and marketing overheads.
(p) The material cost of normal scrap or defectives which are rejects shall be included in the material cost of goods
manufactured. The material cost of actual scrap or defectives, not exceeding the normal shall be adjusted in the
material cost of good production. Material Cost of abnormal scrap or defectives should not be included in material cost
but treated as loss after giving credit to the realisable value of such scrap or defectives.
(q) Material costs shall be directly traced to a Cost object to the extent it is economically feasible or shall be assigned to
the cost object on the basis of material quantity consumed or similar identifiable measure and valued as per above
principles.
(r) Where the material costs are not directly traceable to the cost object, the same shall be assigned on a suitable basis
like technical estimates.
(s) Where a material is processed or part manufactured by a third party according to specifications provided by the buyer,
the processing or manufacturing charges payable to the third party shall be treated as part of the material cost.
32
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution it was read as under:
Spares which are specific to an item of equipment shall not be taken to inventory, but shall be capitalized with the cost of the specific equipment. Cost of capital spares and or insurance spares, whether
procured with the equipment or subsequently, shall be amortised over a period, not exceeding the useful life of the equipment.
33
Subsidy or Grant or Incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to any material shall be reduced from cost for ascertainment of the cost of the cost object to which such amounts are
related.
34
Issues shall be valued using appropriate assumptions on cost flow, e.g. First-in-First-out, Last-in-First-out, Weighted Average Rate. The method of valuation shall be followed on a consistent basis.
- 11 -
(t) Wherever part of the manufacturing operations or activity is subcontracted, the subcontract charges related to
materials shall be treated as direct expenses and assigned directly to the cost object.
(u) The cost of indirect materials shall be assigned to the various Cost objects based on a suitable basis such as actual
usage or technical norms or a similar identifiable measure.
(v) The cost of materials like catalysts, dies, tools, moulds, patterns etc, which are relatable to production over a period of
time shall be amortized over the production units benefited by such cost.
(w) The cost of indirect material with life exceeding one year shall be included in cost over the useful life of the material.
2. Employee Cost
a) Proper records shall be maintained in respect of employee costs in such a manner as to enable the company to book
these expenses cost centre wise or department wise with reference to goods or services under reference and to furnish
necessary particulars. Where the employees work in such a manner that it is not possible to identify them with any
specific cost centre or service centre or department, the employees cost shall be apportioned to the cost centre or
service centres or departments on equitable and reasonable basis and applied consistently.
b) Employee Cost shall be ascertained taking into account the gross pay including all allowances payable along with the
cost to the employer of all the benefits, including the cost of retirement benefits charged in the financial statements in
an accounting period. In case of companies to which Indian Accounting Standards apply, any re-measurement of such
35
costs recognised in other comprehensive income shall not form part of the employee cost.
c) Bonus whether payable as a Statutory Minimum or on a sharing of surplus shall be treated as part of employee cost. Ex
gratia payable in lieu of or in addition to Bonus shall also be treated as part of the employee cost.
d) Remuneration payable to Managerial Personnel including Executive Directors on the Board and other officers of a
corporate body under a statute shall be considered as part of the Employee Cost of the year under reference whether
the whole or part of the remuneration is computed as a percentage of profits. Remuneration paid to non-executive
directors shall not form part of Employee Cost but shall form part of Administrative Overheads.
e) Separation costs related to voluntary retirement, retrenchment, termination etc. shall be amortised over the period
benefitting from such costs.
f) Employee cost shall not include imputed costs.
g) Cost of Idle time is ascertained by the idle hours multiplied by the hourly rate applicable to the idle employee or a
group of employees.
h) Where Employee cost is accounted at standard cost, variances due to normal reasons related to Employee cost shall be
treated as part of Employee cost. Variances due to abnormal reasons shall be treated as part of abnormal cost.
i) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to any employee cost shall be
36
j) Any abnormal cost where it is material and quantifiable shall not form part of the Employee cost.
k) Penalties, damages paid to statutory authorities or other third parties shall not form part of the Employee cost.
l) The cost of free housing, free conveyance and any other similar benefits provided to an employee shall be determined
at the total cost of all resources consumed in providing such benefits.
m) Any recovery from the employee towards any benefit provided, namely, housing shall be reduced from the employee
cost.
n) Any change in the cost accounting principles applied for the determination of the employee cost should be made only if
it is required by law or a change would result in a more appropriate preparation or presentation of cost statements of
an enterprise.
o) Where the Employee services are traceable to a cost object, such Employees’ cost shall be assigned to the cost object
on the basis such as time consumed or number of employees engaged etc. or similar identifiable measure.
35
Employee Cost shall be ascertained taking into account the gross pay including all allowances payable along with the cost to the employer of all the benefits.
36
Any Subsidy, Grant, Incentive or any such payment received or receivable with respect to any Employee cost shall be reduced for ascertainment of cost of the cost object to which such amounts are related.
- 12 -
p) While determining whether a particular Employee cost is chargeable to a separate cost object, the principle of
materiality shall be adhered to.
q) Where the Employee costs are not directly traceable to the cost object, these may be assigned on suitable basis like
estimates of time based on time study.
r) The amortised separation costs related to voluntary retirement, retrenchment, and termination etc. for the period shall
be treated as indirect cost and assigned to the cost objects in an appropriate manner. However unamortised amount
related to discontinued operations, shall not be treated as employee cost.
s) Recruitment costs, training cost and other such costs shall be treated as overheads and dealt with accordingly.
t) Overtime premium shall be assigned directly to the cost object or treated as overheads depending on the economic
feasibility and the specific circumstance requiring such overtime.
u) Idle time cost shall be assigned direct to the cost object or treated as overheads depending on the economic feasibility
and the specific circumstances causing such idle time.
3. Utilities
a) Proper records shall be maintained showing the quantity and cost of each major utility such as power, water, steam,
effluent treatment, and other related utilities produced and consumed by the different cost centres in such detail as to
have particulars for each utility separately.
b) Each type of utility shall be treated as a distinct cost object.
c) Cost of utilities purchased shall be measured at cost of purchase including duties and taxes, transportation cost,
insurance and other expenditure directly attributable to procurement (net of trade discounts, rebates, taxes and duties
refundable or to be credited) that can be quantified with reasonable accuracy at the time of acquisition.
d) Cost of self-generated utilities for own consumption shall comprise direct material cost, direct employee cost, direct
expenses and factory overheads.
e) In case of Utilities generated for the purpose of inter unit transfers, the distribution cost incurred for such transfers
shall be added to the cost of utilities determined as above.
f) Cost of Utilities generated for the intercompany transfers shall comprise direct material cost, direct employee cost,
direct expenses, factory overheads, distribution cost and share of administrative overheads.
g) Cost of Utilities generated for the sale to outside parties shall comprise direct material cost, direct employee cost,
direct expenses, factory overheads, distribution cost, share of administrative overheads and marketing overheads. The
sale value of such utilities shall also include the margin.
h) Finance costs incurred in connection with the utilities shall not form part of cost of utilities.
i) The cost of utilities shall include the cost of distribution of such utilities. The cost of distribution will consist of the cost
of delivery of utilities up to the point of consumption.
j) Cost of utilities shall not include imputed costs.
k) Where cost of utilities is accounted at standard cost, the price variances related to utilities shall be treated as part of
cost of utilities and the portion of usage variances due to normal reasons shall be treated as part of cost of utilities.
Usage variances due to abnormal reasons shall be treated as part of abnormal cost.
l) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to any cost of utilities shall be
37
m) The cost of production and distribution of utilities shall be determined based on the normal capacity or actual capacity
utilization whichever is higher and unabsorbed cost, if any, shall be treated as abnormal cost. Cost of a Stand-by Utility
shall include the committed costs of maintaining such a utility.
n) Any abnormal cost where it is material and quantifiable shall not form part of the cost of utilities.
o) Penalties, damages paid to statutory authorities or other third parties shall not form part of the cost of utilities.
p) Credits or recoveries relating to the utilities including cost of utilities provided to outside parties, material and
quantifiable, shall be deducted from the total cost of utility to arrive at the net cost of utility.
37
Any Subsidy or Grant or Incentive or any such payment received or receivable with respect to any cost of utilities shall be reduced for ascertainment of the cost to which such amounts are related.
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q) Any change in the cost accounting principles applied for the measurement of the cost of utilities shall be made only if,
it is required by law or a change would result in a more appropriate preparation or presentation of cost statements of
an organisation.
r) While assigning cost of utilities, traceability to a cost object in an economically feasible manner shall be the guiding
principle.
s) Where the cost of utilities is not directly traceable to cost object, it shall be assigned on the most appropriate basis.
t) The most appropriate basis of distribution of cost of a utility to the departments consuming services is to be derived
from usage parameters.
4. Direct Expenses
a) Proper records shall be maintained in respect of direct expenses in such a manner as to enable company to book these
expenses cost centre wise or cost abject or department wise with reference to goods or services under reference and
to furnish necessary particulars.
b) Direct expenses incurred for the use of bought out resources shall be determined at invoice or agreed price including
duties and taxes, and other expenditure directly attributable thereto net of trade discounts, rebates, taxes and duties
refundable or to be credited.
c) Other expenses shall be determined on the basis of amount incurred in connection therewith.
d) Direct Expenses paid or incurred in lump-sum or which are in the nature of ‘one – time’ payment, shall be amortised on
the basis of the estimated output or benefit to be derived from such direct expenses.
e) If an item of Direct Expenses does not meet the test of materiality, it can be treated as part of overheads.
f) Finance costs incurred in connection with the self-generated or procured resources shall not form part of Direct
Expenses. Direct Expenses shall not include imputed costs.
g) Where direct expenses are accounted at standard cost, variances due to normal reasons shall be treated as part of the
Direct Expenses. Variances due to abnormal reasons shall not form part of the Direct Expenses.
h) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to any direct expenses shall be
38
i) Any abnormal portion of the direct expenses where it is material and quantifiable shall not form part of the Direct
Expenses.
j) Penalties, damages paid to statutory authorities or other third parties shall not form part of the Direct Expenses.
k) Credits or recoveries relating to the Direct Expenses, material and quantifiable, shall be deducted to arrive at the net
Direct Expenses.
l) Any change in the cost accounting principles applied for the measurement of the direct expenses should be made only
if, it is required by law or a change would result in a more appropriate preparation or presentation of cost statements
of an organisation.
m) Direct Expenses that are directly traceable to the cost object shall be assigned to that cost object.
5. Repairs and Maintenance
a) Proper records showing the expenditure incurred by the workshop, tool room and on repairs and maintenance in the
various cost centres or departments shall be maintained under different heads.
b) Repairs and maintenance cost shall be the aggregate of direct and indirect cost relating to repairs and maintenance
activity. Direct cost shall include the cost of materials, consumable stores, spares, manpower, equipment usage,
utilities and other identifiable resources consumed in such activity. Indirect cost shall include the cost of resources
common to various repairs and maintenance activities such as manpower, equipment usage and other costs allocable
to such activities.
c) Cost of in-house repairs and maintenance activity shall include cost of materials, consumable stores, spares,
manpower, equipment usage, utilities, and other resources used in such activity.
38
Any Subsidy or Grant or Incentive or any such payment received or receivable with respect to any Direct Expenses shall be reduced for ascertainment of the cost of the cost object to which such amounts are
related.
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d) Cost of repairs and maintenance activity carried out by outside contractors inside the entity shall include charges
payable to the contractor and cost of materials, consumable stores, spares, manpower, equipment usage, utilities, and
other costs incurred by the entity for such jobs.
e) Cost of repairs and maintenance jobs carried out by contractor at its premises shall be determined at invoice or agreed
price including duties and taxes, and other expenditure directly attributable thereto net of discounts (other than cash
discount), taxes and duties refundable or to be credited. This cost shall also include the cost of other resources
provided to the contractors.
f) Cost of repairs and maintenance jobs carried out by outside contractors shall include charges made by the contractor
and cost of own materials, consumable stores, spares, manpower, equipment usage, utilities and other costs used in
such jobs.
g) Each type of repairs and maintenance shall be treated as a distinct activity, if material and identifiable.
h) Cost of repairs and maintenance activity shall be measured for each major asset category separately.
i) Cost of spares replaced which do not enhance the future economic benefits from the existing asset beyond its
previously assessed standard of performance shall be included under repairs and maintenance cost.
39
j) The cost of major overhaul shall be amortized on a rational basis.
k) Finance costs incurred in connection with the repairs and maintenance activities shall not form part of Repairs and
maintenance costs.
l) Repairs and maintenance costs shall not include imputed costs.
m) Price variances related to repairs and maintenance, where standard costs are in use, shall be treated as part of repairs
and maintenance cost. The portion of usage variances attributable to normal reasons shall be treated as part of repairs
and maintenance cost. Usage variances attributable to abnormal reasons shall be excluded from repairs and
maintenance cost.
n) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to repairs and maintenance
activity shall be reduced from cost of the cost object in the financial year when such subsidy or grant or incentive and
40
any such payment is recognised as income.
o) Any repairs and maintenance cost resulting from some abnormal circumstances, e.g., major fire, explosions, flood and
similar events, if material and quantifiable, shall not form part of the repairs and maintenance cost.
p) Fines, penalties, damages and similar levies paid to statutory authorities or other third parties shall not form part of the
repairs and maintenance cost.
q) Credits or recoveries relating to the repairs and maintenance activity, material and quantifiable, shall be deducted to
arrive at the net repairs and maintenance cost.
r) Any change in the cost accounting principles applied for the measurement of the repairs and maintenance cost should
be made only if, it is required by law or a change would result in a more appropriate preparation or presentation of
cost statements of an organisation.
s) Repairs and maintenance costs shall be traced to a cost object to the extent economically feasible.
t) Where the repairs and maintenance cost is not directly traceable to cost object, it shall be assigned based on either of
the following the principles of (1) Cause and Effect - Cause is the process or operation or activity and effect is the
incurrence of cost and (2) Benefits received – overheads are to be apportioned to the various cost objects in proportion
to the benefits received by them.
u) If the repairs and maintenance cost (including the share of the cost of reciprocal exchange of services) is shared by
several cost objects, the related cost shall be measured as an aggregate and distributed among the cost objects.
6. Fixed Assets and Depreciation
39
Deleted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017, Prior to deletion it was read as under:
High value spare, when replaced by a new spare and is reconditioned, which is expected to result in future economic benefits, the same shall be taken into stock. Such a spare shall be valued at an amount
that measures its service potential in relation to a new spare which amount shall not exceed the cost of reconditioning the spare. The difference between the total of the cost of the new spare and the
reconditioning cost and the value of the reconditioned spare should be treated as repairs and maintenance cost
40
Subsidy or Grant or Incentive or amount of similar nature received or receivable with respect to repairs and maintenance activity, if any, shall be reduced for ascertainment of the cost of the cost object to
which such amounts are related.
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a) Proper and adequate records shall be maintained for assets used for production of goods or rendering of services
under reference in respect of which depreciation has to be provided for. These records shall, inter-alia, indicate
grouping of assets under each good or service, the cost of acquisition of each item of asset including installation
charges, date of acquisition and rate of depreciation.
b) The depreciation and amortisation shall be the amount recognised as an expense for the year in the financial
statements, which shall be measured as per the provisions contained in Schedule ll of the Companies Act, 2013 and the
accounting standards applicable for the time being in force. The amount of Depreciation and Amortisation not
41
recognised as expense in the financial statements shall be treated as a non-cost item.
c) Depreciation on an asset which is temporarily retired from production of goods and services shall be considered as
42
abnormal cost for the period when the asset is not in use.
43
d) Impairment loss on assets shall be excluded from cost of production.
e) Spare parts, stand-by equipment and servicing equipment shall be recognised as property, plant and equipment when
they meet the definition of property, plant and equipment and depreciated accordingly. Otherwise, such items shall be
44
classified as inventory.
45
f) Depreciation shall be traced to the cost object to the extent economically feasible.
g) Where the depreciation is not directly traceable to cost object, it shall be assigned based on either of the following two
principles, namely;
i) Cause and Effect - Cause is the process or operation or activity and effect is the incurrence of cost and
ii) Benefits received – overheads are to be apportioned to the various cost objects in proportion to the benefits
received by them.
7. Overheads
a) Proper records shall be maintained for various items of indirect expenses comprising overheads pertaining to goods or
services under reference. These expenses shall be analysed, classified and grouped according to functions.
41
a) (B) Depreciation and Amortisation shall be measured based on the depreciable amount and the useful life. The residual value of an intangible asset shall be assumed to be zero unless:
i) there is a commitment by a third party to purchase the asset at the end of its useful life; or
ii) there is an active market for the asset and:
a. residual value can be determined by reference to that market; and
b. it is probable that such a market will exist at the end of the asset’s useful life.
c. The residual value of a fixed asset shall be considered as zero if the entity is unable to estimate the same with reasonable accuracy.
42
Clauses c, d, e, f, g, h, i deleted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution it was read as under:
c) The minimum amount of depreciation to be provided shall not be less than the amount calculated as per principles and methods as prescribed by any law or regulations applicable to the entity and
followed by it.
d) In case of regulated industry the amount of depreciation shall be the same as prescribed by the concerned regulator.
e) While estimating the useful life of a depreciable asset, consideration shall be given to the following factors:
i) Expected physical wear and tear;
ii) Obsolescence; and
iii) Legal or other limits on the use of the asset.
f) The useful life of an intangible asset that arises from contractual or other legal rights shall not exceed the period of the contractual or other legal rights, but may be shorter depending on the period
over which the entity expects to use the asset.
g) If the contractual or other legal rights are conveyed for a limited term that can be renewed, the useful life of the intangible asset shall include the renewal period(s) only if there is evidence to support
renewal by the entity without significant cost. The useful life of a re-acquired right recognised as an intangible asset in a business combination is the remaining contractual period of the contract in
which the right was granted and shall not include renewal periods.
h) The useful life of an intangible asset, in any situation, shall not exceed 10 years from the date it is available for use.
i) Depreciation shall be considered from the time when a depreciable asset is first put into use. An asset which is used only when the need arises but is always held ready for use. Example: fire
extinguisher, stand by generator, safety equipment shall be considered to be an asset in use. Depreciable assets will be considered to be put into use when commercial production of goods and
services commences.
43
Clauses k, l, m deleted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution it was read as under:
k) Depreciation of any addition or extension to an existing depreciable asset which becomes an integral part of that asset shall be based on the remaining useful life of that asset.
l) Depreciation of any addition or extension to an existing depreciable asset which retains a separate identity and is capable of being used after the expiry of the useful life of that asset shall be based on
the estimated useful life of that addition or extension.
m) The impact of higher depreciation due to revaluation of assets shall not be assigned to cost object.
44
Clauses o, p, q, r deleted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution it was read as under:
o) The method of depreciation used shall reflect the pattern in which the asset’s future economic benefits are expected to be consumed by the entity.
p) An entity can use any of the methods of depreciation to assign depreciable amount of an asset on a systematic basis over its useful life, viz., Straight-line method; Diminishing balance method; and
Units of production method.
q) The method of amortisation of intangible asset shall reflect the pattern in which the economic benefits accrue to entity.
r) The methods and rates of depreciation applied shall be reviewed at least annually and, if there has been a change in the expected pattern of consumption or loss of future economic benefits, the
method applied shall be changed to reflect the changed pattern.
45
Clauses t, u, v deleted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution it was read as under:
t) Cost of small assets shall be written off in the period in which they were purchased as per the accounting policy of the entity.
u) Depreciation of an asset shall not be considered in case cumulative depreciation exceeds the original cost of the asset, net of residual value.
v) Where depreciation for an addition of an asset is measured on the basis of the number of days for which the asset was used for the preparation and presentation of financial statements, depreciation
of the asset for assigning to cost of object shall be measured in relation to the period, the asset actually utilized.
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b) Overheads representing procurement of resources shall be determined at invoice or agreed price including duties and
taxes, and other expenditure directly attributable thereto net of discounts (other than cash discounts), taxes and duties
refundable or to be credited.
c) Overheads other than those referred to above shall be determined on the basis of cost incurred in connection
therewith.
d) Any abnormal cost where it is material and quantifiable shall not form part of the overheads.
e) Finance costs incurred in connection with procured or self-generated resources shall not form part of overheads.
f) Overheads shall not include imputed cost.
g) Overhead variances attributable to normal reasons shall be treated as part of overheads. Overhead variances
attributable to abnormal reasons shall be excluded from overheads.
h) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to overheads shall be reduced
from cost of the cost object in the financial year when such subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment is
46
recognised as income.
i) Fines, penalties, damages and similar levies paid to statutory authorities or other third parties shall not form part of the
overheads.
j) Credits or recoveries relating to the overheads, material and quantifiable, shall be deducted from the total overhead to
arrive at the net overheads. Where the recovery exceeds the total overheads, the balance recovery shall be treated as
other income.
k) Any change in the cost accounting principles applied for the measurement of the overheads shall be made only if, it is
required by law or a change would result in a more appropriate preparation or presentation of cost statements of an
entity.
l) While assigning overheads, traceability to a cost object in an economically feasible manner shall be the guiding
principle. The cost which can be traced directly to a cost object shall be directly assigned.
47
m) Overheads shall be classified according to functions, viz., works, administration, selling and distribution. Works
overheads, also known as Production Overheads, Operation Overheads, Factory Overheads or Manufacturing
Overheads, shall be the indirect costs involved in the production of a product or in providing service. Administrative
overheads shall be the aggregate of cost of resources consumed in activities relating to general management and
administration of an organisation. Selling and Distribution overheads shall be the aggregate of cost of resources
consumed in the selling and distribution activities of the organization.
n) Assignment of overheads to the cost objects shall be based on either of the following two principles; (1) Cause and
Effect - Cause is the process or operation or activity and effect is the incurrence of cost and (2) Benefits received –
overheads are to be apportioned to the various cost objects in proportion to the benefits received by them.
o) The variable production overheads shall be absorbed to products or services based on actual capacity utilisation.
p) The fixed production overheads shall be absorbed based on the normal capacity.
48
q) In case of leased assets, if the lease is an operating lease, the entire rentals shall be included in the administrative
overheads. If the lease is a financial lease, the finance cost portion shall be segregated and treated as part of finance
costs.
49
r) Selling and Distribution Overheads, the benefits of which are expected to be derived over a long period, shall be
amortized on a rational basis.
50
s) Any demurrage or detention charges or penalty levied by the transportation or other authorities in respect of
distribution activity shall not form part of Selling and Distribution Overheads.
46
Any subsidy or Grant or Incentive or amount of similar nature received or receivable with respect to overheads shall be reduced for ascertainment of the cost of the cost object to which such amounts are
related.
47
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019. Prior to substitution, it was read under:
Overheads shall be classified according to functions, viz., works, administration, selling & distribution, head office, corporate etc.
48
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019. Prior to substitution, it was read under: Assignment of Administration Overheads shall be in accordance with para no. 8.
49
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019. Prior to substitution, it was read under: Marketing Overheads that can be identified to a product or service shall be
assigned to that product or service.
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51
8. Administrative Overheads
9. Transportation Cost
a) Proper records shall be maintained for recording the actual cost of transportation showing each element of cost such
as freight, cartage, transit insurance and others after adjustment for recovery of transportation cost. Abnormal costs
relating to transportation, if any, are to be identified and recorded for exclusion of computation of average
transportation cost.
b) In case of a manufacturer having his own transport fleet, proper records shall be maintained to determine the actual
operating cost of vehicles showing details of various elements of cost such as salaries and wages of driver, cleaners and
others, cost of fuel, lubricant grease, amortized cost of tyres and battery, repairs and maintenance, depreciation of the
vehicles, distance covered and trips made, goods hauled and transported to the depot.
c) In case of hired transport charges incurred for despatch of goods, complete details shall be recorded as to date of
despatch, type of transport used, description of the goods, destination of buyer, name of consignee, challan number,
quantity of goods in terms of weight or volume, distance involved, amount paid and other related details.
d) Records shall be maintained separately for inward and outward transportation cost specifying the details particulars of
goods despatched, name of supplier or recipient, amount of freight etc.
e) Separate records shall be maintained for identification of transportation cost towards inward movement of material
(procurement) and transportation cost of outward movement of goods removed or sold for both home consumption
and export.
f) Records for transportation cost from factory to depot and thereafter shall be maintained separately.
g) Records for transportation cost for carrying any material or product to job-workers place and back shall be maintained
separately so as include the same in the transaction value of the product.
h) Records for transportation cost for goods involved exclusively for trading activities shall be maintained separately and
the same shall not be included for claiming any deduction for calculating assessable value excisable goods cleared for
home consumption.
i) Records of transportation cost directly allocable to a particular category of products shall be maintained separately so
that allocation can be made.
j) For common transportation cost both for own fleet or hired ones, proper records for basis of apportionment shall be
maintained.
52
k) Records for transportation cost for exempted goods, taxable goods cleared for export shall be maintained separately.
l) Separate records of cost for mode of transportation other than road like ship or air are to be maintained, which shall be
included in total cost of transportation.
50
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019. Prior to substitution, it was read under: Marketing Overheads that cannot be identified to a product or service shall be
assigned to the products or services on the most appropriate basis.
51
Deleted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019. Prior to deletion, it was read under:
a) Administrative overheads shall be the aggregate of cost of resources consumed in activities relating to general management and administration of an organisation.
b) In case of leased assets, if the lease is an operating lease, the entire rentals shall be included in the administrative overheads. If the lease is a financial lease, the finance cost portion shall be
segregated and treated as part of finance costs.
c) The cost of software (developed in house, purchased, licensed or customised), including up-gradation cost shall be amortised over its estimated useful life.
d) The cost of administrative services procured from outside shall be determined at invoice or agreed price including duties and taxes, and other expenditure directly attributable thereto net of
discounts (other than cash discount), taxes and duties refundable or to be credited.
e) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to any administrative overheads shall be reduced from cost of the cost object in the financial year when such
subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment is recognised as income. 51
f) Administrative overheads shall not include any abnormal administrative cost.
g) Fines, penalties, damages and similar levies paid to statutory authorities or other third parties shall not form part of the administrative overheads.
h) Credits or recoveries relating to the administrative overheads including those rendered without any consideration, material and quantifiable, shall be deducted to arrive at the net administrative
overheads.
i) Any change in the cost accounting principles applied for the measurement of the administrative overheads should be made only if it is required by law or a change would result in a more appropriate
preparation or presentation of cost statements of an organisation.
j) While assigning administrative overheads, traceability to a cost object in an economically feasible manner shall be the guiding principle.
k) Assignment of administrative overheads to the cost objects shall be based on either of the following two principles; namely
(i) Cause and Effect - Cause is the process or operation or activity and effect is the incurrence of cost.
(ii) Benefits received – overheads are to be apportioned to the various cost objects in proportion to the benefits received by them.
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Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019. Prior to substitution, it was read as “Excisable”
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m) Inward transportation costs shall form the part of the cost of procurement of materials which are to be identified for
proper allocation or apportionment to the materials or products.
n) Outward transportation cost shall form the part of the cost of sale and shall be allocated or apportioned to the
materials and goods on a suitable basis.
o) The following basis shall be used, in order of priority, for apportionment of outward transportation cost depending
upon the nature of products, unit of measurement followed and type of transport used:
i) Weight
ii) Volume of goods
iii) Tonne-Km
iv) Unit or Equivalent unit
v) Value of goods
vi) Percentage of usage of space
p) Once a basis of apportionment is adopted, the same shall be followed consistently.
q) For determining the transportation cost per unit, distance shall be factored in to arrive at weighted average cost.
r) Abnormal and non-recurring cost shall not be a part of transportation cost.
10. Royalty and Technical Know-how
a) Adequate records shall be maintained showing royalty and or or technical know-how fee including other recurring or
non-recurring payments of similar nature, if any, made for the goods or services under reference to collaborators or
technology suppliers in terms of agreements entered into with them.
b) Royalty and Technical Know-how Fee paid or incurred in lump-sum or which are in the nature of ‘one–time’ payment,
shall be amortised on the basis of the estimated output or benefit to be derived from the related asset. Amortisation of
the amount of Royalty or Technical Know-how fee paid for which the benefit is ensued in the current or future periods
shall be determined based on the production or service volumes estimated for the period over which the asset is
expected to benefit the entity.
c) Amount of the Royalty and Technical Know-how Fee shall not include finance costs and imputed costs.
d) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to amount of royalty and
technical know-how fee shall be reduced from cost of the cost object in the financial year when such subsidy or grant
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or incentive and any such payment is recognised as income .
e) Penalties, damages paid to statutory authorities or other third parties shall not form part of the amount of Royalty and
Technical Know-how fee.
f) Credits or recoveries relating to the amount Royalty and Technical Know-how fee, material and quantifiable, shall be
deducted to arrive at the net amount of Royalty and Technical Know-how fee.
g) Any change in the cost accounting principles applied for the measurement of the amount of Royalty and Technical
Know-how Fee should be made only if, it is required by law or for compliance with the requirements of a cost
accounting standard, or a change would result in a more appropriate preparation or presentation of cost statements of
an organisation.
h) Royalty and Technical Know-how fee that is directly traceable to a cost object shall be assigned to that cost object. In
case such fee is not directly traceable to a cost object then it shall be assigned on any of the following basis:
i) Units produced
ii) Units sold
iii) Sales value
i) The amount of Royalty fee paid for mining rights shall form part of the cost of material.
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Any Subsidy or Grant or Incentive or any such payment received or receivable with respect to amount of Royalty and Technical Know-how fee shall be reduced to measure the amount of royalty and
technical know- how fee
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j) The amount of Royalty and Technical Know-how fee shall be assigned on the nature or purpose of such fee. The
amount of royalty and technical know-how fee related to product or process know how shall be treated as cost of
production; if it is related to trademarks or brands shall be treated as cost of sales.
11. Research and Development Expenses
a) Research, and Development Costs shall include all the costs that are directly traceable to research and or or
development activities or that can be assigned to research and development activities strictly on the basis of a) cause
and effect or b) benefits received. Such costs shall include the following elements:
i. The cost of materials and services consumed in Research and Development activities.
ii. Cost of bought out materials and hired services as per invoice or agreed price including duties and taxes
directly attributable thereto net of trade discounts, rebates, taxes and duties refundable or to be credited.
iii. The salaries, wages and other related costs of personnel engaged in Research, and Development
activities;
iv. The depreciation of equipment and facilities, and other tangible assets, and amortisation of intangible
assets to the extent that they are used for Research, and Development activities;
v. Overhead costs, other than general administrative costs, related to Research and Development activities.
vi. Costs incurred for carrying out Research, and Development activities by other entities and charged to the
entity; and
vii. Expenditure incurred in securing copyrights or licences
viii. Expenditure incurred for developing computer software
ix. Costs incurred for the design of tools, jigs, moulds and dies
x. Other costs that can be directly attributed to Research, and Development activities and can be identified
with specific projects.
b) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to research and development
activity shall be reduced from cost of the cost object in the financial year when such subsidy or grant or incentive and
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any such payment is recognised as income.
c) Any abnormal cost where it is material and quantifiable shall not form part of the Research and Development Cost.
d) Fines, penalties, damages and similar levies paid to statutory authorities or other third parties shall not form part of the
Research, and Development Cost.
e) Research and Development costs shall not include imputed costs.
f) Credits or recoveries relating to Research, and Development cost, if material and quantifiable, including from the sale
of output produced from the Research and Development activity shall be deducted from the Research and
Development cost.
g) Research and Development costs attributable to a specific cost object shall be assigned to that cost object directly.
Research & development costs that are not attributable to a specific product or process shall not form part of the
product cost.
h) Development cost which results in the creation of an intangible asset shall be amortised over its useful life. Assignment
of Development Costs shall be based on the principle of “benefits received”.
i) Research and Development Costs incurred for the development and improvement of an existing process or product
shall be included in the cost of production. In case the Research and Development activity related to the improvement
of an existing process or product continues for more than one accounting period, the cost of the same shall be
accumulated and amortised over the estimated period of use of the improved process or estimated period over which
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Subsidy or Grant or Incentive or amount of similar nature received or receivable with respect to Research and Development Activity, if any, shall be reduced from the cost of such Research and Development
Activity.
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the improved product will be produced by the entity after the commencement of commercial production, as the case
may be, if the improved process or product is distinctly different from the existing process or product and the product
is marketed as a new product. The amount allocated to a particular period shall be included in the cost of production of
that period. If the expenditure is only to improve the quality of the existing product or minor modifications in
attributes, the principle shall not be applied.
j) Development costs attributable to a saleable service namely; providing technical know-how to outside parties shall be
accumulated separately and treated as cost of providing the service.
12. Quality Control Expenses

a) Adequate records shall be maintained to indicate the expenses incurred in respect of quality control department or
cost centre or service centre for goods or services under reference. Where these services are also utilized for other
goods or services of the company, the basis of apportionment to goods or services under reference and to other goods
or services shall be on equitable and reasonable basis and applied consistently.
b) Quality Control cost incurred in-house shall be the aggregate of the cost of resources consumed in the Quality Control
activities of the entity. The cost of resources procured from outside shall be determined at invoice or agreed price
including duties and taxes, and other expenditure directly attributable thereto net of discounts (other than cash
discounts), taxes and duties refundable or to be credited by the Tax Authorities. Such cost shall include: Cost of
conformance to quality: (a) prevention cost; and (b) appraisal cost.
c) Identification of Quality Control costs shall be based on traceability in an economically feasible manner.
d) Quality Control costs other than those referred to above shall be determined on the basis of amount incurred in
connection therewith.
e) Finance costs incurred in connection with the self-generated or procured resources shall not form part of Quality
Control cost.
f) Quality Control costs shall not include imputed costs.
g) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to any quality control cost shall
be reduced from cost of the cost object in the financial year when such subsidy or grant or incentive and any such
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h) Any abnormal portion of the Quality Control cost where it is material and quantifiable shall not form part of the Cost of
Quality Control.
i) Penalties, damages paid to statutory authorities or other third parties shall not form part of the Quality Control cost.
j) Any change in the cost accounting principles applied for the measurement of the Quality Control cost shall be made
only if, it is required by law or for compliance with the requirements of a cost accounting standard, or a change would
result in a more appropriate preparation or presentation of cost statements of an organisation.
k) Quality Control cost that is directly traceable to the cost object shall be assigned to that cost object. Assignment of
Quality Control cost to the cost objects shall be based on benefits received by them on the principles, namely;
(i) Cause and Effect - Cause is the process or operation or activity and effect is the incurrence of cost and
(ii) Benefits received – overheads are to be apportioned to the various cost objects in proportion to the benefits
received by them.
13. Pollution Control Expenses
a) Adequate records shall be maintained to indicate the expenses incurred in respect of pollution control. The basis of
apportionment to goods or services under reference and to other goods or services shall be on equitable and
reasonable basis and applied consistently.
b) Pollution Control costs shall be the aggregate of direct and indirect cost relating to Pollution Control activity. Direct cost
shall include the cost of materials, consumable stores, spares, manpower, equipment usage, utilities, resources for
testing & certification and other identifiable resources consumed in activities such as waste processing, disposal,
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Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution, it was read as under:
Any Subsidy or Grant or Incentive or any such payment received or receivable with respect to any Quality Control cost shall be reduced for ascertainment of the cost of the cost object to which such amounts
are related.
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remediation and others. Indirect cost shall include the cost of resources common to various Pollution Control activities
such as Pollution Control Registration and such like expenses.
c) Costs of Pollution Control which are internal to the entity should be accounted for when incurred. They should be
measured at the historical cost of resources consumed.
d) Future remediation or disposal costs which are expected to be incurred with reasonable certainty as part of Onerous
Contract or Constructive Obligation, legally enforceable shall be estimated and accounted based on the quantum of
pollution generated in each period and the associated cost of remediation or disposal in future.
e) Contingent future remediation or disposal costs e.g. those likely to arise on account of future legislative changes on
pollution control shall not be treated as cost until the incidence of such costs become reasonably certain and can be
measured.
f) External costs of pollution which are generally the costs imposed on external parties including social costs are difficult
to estimate with reasonable accuracy and are excluded from general purpose cost statements.
g) Social costs of pollution are measured by economic models of cost measurement. The cost by way of compensation by
the polluting entity either under future legislation or under social pressure cannot be quantified by traditional models
of cost measurement. They are best kept out of general purpose cost statements.
h) Cost of in-house Pollution Control activity shall include cost of materials, consumable stores, spares, manpower,
equipment usage, utilities, and other resources used in such activity.
i) Cost of Pollution Control activity carried out by outside contractors inside the entity shall include charges payable to
the contractor and cost of materials, consumable stores, spares, manpower, equipment usage, utilities, and other costs
incurred by the entity for such jobs.
j) Cost of Pollution Control jobs carried out by contractor at its premises shall be determined at invoice or agreed price
including duties and taxes, and other expenditure directly attributable thereto net of discounts (other than cash
discount), taxes and duties refundable or to be credited. This cost shall also include the cost of other resources
provided to the contractors.
k) Cost of Pollution Control jobs carried out by outside contractors shall include charges made by the contractor and cost
of own materials, consumable stores, spares, manpower, equipment usage, utilities and other costs used in such jobs.
l) Each type of Pollution Control e.g. water, air, soil pollution shall be treated as a distinct activity, if material and
identifiable.
m) Finance costs incurred in connection with the Pollution Control activities shall not form part of Pollution Control costs.
n) Pollution Control costs shall not include imputed costs.
o) Price variances related to Pollution Control, where standard costs are in use, shall be treated as part of Pollution
Control cost. The portion of usage variances attributable to normal reasons shall be treated as part of Pollution Control
cost. Usage variances attributable to abnormal reasons shall be excluded from Pollution Control cost.
p) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to pollution control activity
shall be reduced from cost of the cost object in the financial year when such subsidy or grant or incentive and any such
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q) Any Pollution Control cost resulting from abnormal circumstances, if material and quantifiable, shall not form part of
the Pollution Control cost.
r) Fines, penalties, damages and similar levies paid to statutory authorities or other third parties shall not form part of the
Pollution Control cost.
s) Credits or recoveries relating to the Pollution Control activity, material and quantifiable, shall be deducted to arrive at
the net Pollution Control cost.
t) Research and development cost to develop new process, new products or use of new materials to avoid or mitigate
pollution shall be treated as research and development costs and not included under pollution control costs.
Development costs incurred for commercial development of such product, process or material shall be included in
pollution control costs.
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Subsidy or Grant or Incentive or amount of similar nature received or receivable with respect to Pollution Control activity, if any, shall be reduced for ascertainment of the cost of the cost object to which
such amounts are related.
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u) Any change in the cost accounting principles applied for the measurement of the Pollution Control cost should be made
only if, it is required by law or a change would result in a more appropriate preparation or presentation of cost
statements of an organisation.
v) Pollution Control costs shall be traced to a cost object to the extent economically feasible.
w) Direct costs of pollution control such as treatment and disposal of waste shall be assigned directly to the product,
where traceable economically.
x) Where these costs are not directly traceable to the product but are traceable to a process which causes pollution, the
costs shall be assigned to the products passing through the process based on the quantity of the pollutant generated by
the product.
y) Where the Pollution Control cost is not directly traceable to cost object, it shall be treated as overhead and assigned
based on either of the following two principles, namely;
(1) Cause and Effect - Cause is the process or operation or activity and effect is the incurrence of cost and
(2) Benefits received – overheads are to be apportioned to the various cost objects in proportion to the benefits
received by them.
14. Service Department Expenses
a) Proper records shall be maintained in respect of Service Departments, i.e., cost centres which primarily provides
auxiliary services across the enterprise, to indicate expenses incurred in respect of each such service cost centre like
engineering, work shop, designing, laboratory, safety, transport, computer cell, welfare etc.
b) Each identifiable service cost centre shall be treated as a distinct cost object for measurement of the cost of services
subject to the principle of materiality.
c) Cost of service cost centre shall be the aggregate of direct and indirect cost attributable to services being rendered by
such cost centre.
d) Cost of in-house services shall include cost of materials, consumable stores, spares, manpower, equipment usage,
utilities, and other resources used in such service.
e) Cost of other resources shall include related overheads.
f) Cost of services rendered by contractors within the facilities of the entity shall include charges payable to the
contractor and cost of materials, consumable stores, spares, manpower, equipment usage, utilities, and other
resources provided to the contractors for such services.
g) Cost of services rendered by contractors at their premises shall be determined at invoice or agreed price including
duties and taxes, and other expenditure directly attributable thereto net of discounts (other than cash discount), taxes
and duties refundable or to be credited. This cost shall also include the cost of resources provided to the contractors.
h) Cost of services for the purpose of inter unit transfers shall also include distribution costs incurred for such transfers.
i) Cost of services for the purpose of inter-company transfers shall also include distribution cost incurred for such
transfers and administrative overheads.
j) Cost of services rendered to outside parties shall also include distribution cost incurred for such transfers,
administrative overheads and marketing overheads.
k) Finance costs incurred in connection with the Service Cost Centre shall not form part of the cost of Service Cost Centre.
l) The cost of service cost centre shall not include imputed costs.
m) Where the cost of service cost centre is accounted at standard cost, the price and usage variances related to the
services cost Centre shall be treated as part of cost of services. Usage variances due to abnormal reasons shall be
treated as part of abnormal cost.
n) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to any service cost centre shall
be reduced from cost of the cost object in the financial year when such subsidy or grant or incentive and any such
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Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution it was read as under Any Subsidy or Grant or Incentive or any such payment received or receivable
with respect to any service cost centre shall be reduced for ascertainment of the cost to which such amounts are related.
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o) The cost of production and distribution of the service shall be determined based on the normal capacity or actual
capacity utilization whichever is higher and unabsorbed cost, if any, shall be treated as abnormal cost. Cost of a Stand-
by service shall include the committed costs of maintaining such a facility for the service.
p) Any abnormal cost where it is material and quantifiable shall not form part of the cost of the service cost centre.
q) Penalties, damages paid to statutory authorities or other third parties shall not form part of the cost of the service cost
centre.
r) Credits or recoveries relating to the service cost centre including charges for services rendered to outside parties,
material and quantifiable, shall be reduced from the total cost of that service cost centre.
s) Any change in the cost accounting principles applied for the measurement of the cost of Service Cost Centre shall be
made, only if it is required by law or for compliance with the requirements of a cost accounting standard, or a change
would result in a more appropriate preparation or presentation of cost statements of an enterprise.
t) While assigning cost of services, traceability to a cost object in an economically feasible manner shall be the guiding
principle.
u) Where the cost of services rendered by a service cost centre is not directly traceable to a cost object, it shall be
assigned on the most appropriate basis.
v) The most appropriate basis of distribution of cost of a service cost centre to the cost centres consuming services is to
be derived from logical parameters which could be related to the usage of the service rendered. The parameter shall be
equitable, reasonable and consistent.
15. Packing Expenses
a) Proper records shall be maintained separately for domestic and export packing showing the quantity and cost of
various packing materials and other expenses incurred on primary and or or secondary packing indicating the basis of
valuation.
b) The packing material receipts should be valued at purchase price including duties and taxes, freight inwards, insurance,
and other expenditure directly attributable to procurement (net of trade discounts, rebates, taxes and duties
refundable or to be credited) that can be quantified at the time of acquisition.
c) Finance costs directly incurred in connection with the acquisition of Packing Material shall not form part of Packing
Material Cost.
d) Self-manufactured packing materials shall be valued including direct material cost, direct employee cost, direct
expenses, job charges, factory overheads including share of administrative overheads comprising factory management
and administration and share of research and development cost incurred for development and improvement of
existing process or product.
e) Normal loss or spoilage of packing material prior to receipt in the factory shall be absorbed in the cost of balance
materials net of amounts recoverable from suppliers, insurers, carriers or recoveries from disposal.
f) The forex component of imported packing material cost shall be converted at the rate on the date of the transaction.
Any subsequent change in the exchange rate till payment or otherwise shall not form part of the packing material cost.
g) Any demurrage, detention charges or penalty levied by the transport agency or any authority shall not form part of the
cost of packing materials.
h) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to packing material shall be
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payment is recognised as income. .
i) lssue of packing materials shall be valued using appropriate method as per the provisions contained in the accounting
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standard applicable for the time being in force.
j) Wherever, packing material costs include transportation costs, determination of costs of transportation shall be
governed by Cost Accounting Standard on determination of average (equalized) cost of transportation.
k) Packing Material Costs shall not include imputed costs.
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Any Subsidy or Grant or Incentive or any such payment received or receivable with respect to packing material shall be reduced for ascertainment of the cost to which such amounts are related.
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Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017, prior to substitution, it was read as under:
Issue of packing materials shall be valued using appropriate assumptions on cost flow, namely; First In First Out, Last In First Out, Weighted Average Rate. The method of valuation shall be followed on a
consistent basis.
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l) Where packing materials are accounted at standard cost, the price variances related to such materials shall be treated
as part of packing material cost and the portion of usage variances due to normal reasons shall be treated as part of
packing material cost. Usage variances due to abnormal reasons shall be treated as part of abnormal cost.
m) The normal loss arising from the issue or consumption of packing materials shall be included in the packing materials
cost.
n) Any abnormal cost where it is material and quantifiable shall be excluded from the packing material cost.
o) The credits or recoveries in the nature of normal scrap arising from packing materials if any, should be deducted from
the total cost of packing materials to arrive at the net cost of packing materials.
p) Packing material costs shall be directly traced to a cost object to the extent it is economically feasible.
q) Where the packing material costs are not directly traceable to the cost object, these may be assigned on the basis of
quantity consumed or similar measures like technical estimates.
r) The packing material cost of reusable packing shall be assigned to the cost object taking into account the number of
times or the period over which it is expected to be reused.
s) Cost of primary packing materials shall form part of the cost of production.
t) Cost of secondary packing materials shall form part of distribution overheads.
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16. Finance Costs
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a) Finance Costs are costs incurred by an enterprise in connection with the borrowing of fund or other costs which in
effect represent payment for the use of non- equity fund.
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b) Finance Costs incurred shall be identified for:
i) acquisition or construction or production of qualifying assets including fixed assets; and
ii) Other finance costs for production of goods or operations or services rendered which cannot be classified
as qualifying assets.
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c) Finance Costs directly attributable to the acquisition or construction orproduction of a qualifying asset shall be
included in the cost of the asset.
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d) Finance Costs shall not include imputed costs.
e) Subsidy or grant or incentive and any such payment received or receivable with respect to finance costs shall be
65
f) Penal Interest for delayed payment, Fines, penalties, damages and similar levies paid to statutory authorities or other
66
third parties shall not form part of the Finance Costs . In case the company delays the payment of Statutory dues
beyond the stipulated date, interest paid for delayed payment shall not be treated as penal interest.
g) Interest paid for or received on investment shall not form part of the other financing charges for production of goods
or operations or services rendered;
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h) Assignment of Finance Costs to the cost objects shall be based on either of the following two principles, namely;
(1) Cause and Effect - Cause is the process or operation or activity and effect is the incurrence of cost and
(2) Benefits received – to be apportioned to the various cost objects in proportion to the benefits received by them.
17. Any other item of Cost. - Proper records shall be maintained for any other item of cost being indispensable and
considered necessary for inclusion in cost records for calculating cost of production of goods or rendering of services,
cost of sales, margin in total and per unit of the goods or services under reference.
18. Capacity Determination

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a) Capacity shall be determined in terms of units of production or services or equivalent machine or man hours.
60
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017, prior to substitution it was read as “Interest and Financing charges”
61
62
63
64
65
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017,
66
67
68
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b) Installed capacity is determined based on:
i) Manufacturers’ Technical specifications

ii) Capacities of individual or interrelated production centres.
iii) Operational constraints or capacity of critical machines or
iv) Number of shifts
c) In case manufacturers’ technical specifications are not available, the estimates by technical experts on capacity under
ideal conditions shall be considered for determination of installed capacity.In case any production facility is added or
discarded the installed capacity shall be reassessed from the date of such addition or discard. In case the same is
reassessed as per direction of the Government, it shall be in accordance with the principles laid down in the said
directives.In case of improvement in the production process, the installed capacity shall be reassessed from the date of
such improvement.
d) Normal capacity shall be determined vis-a-vis installed capacity after carrying out following adjustments:
i) Holidays, normal shut down days and normal idle time,

ii) Normal time lost in batch change over,
iii) Time lost due to preventive maintenance and normal break downs of equipment,
iv) Loss in efficiency due to ageing of the equipment, or
v) Number of shifts.
e) Capacity utilization is actual production measured as a percentage of installed capacity.
19. Work-in-Progress and Finished Stock
The method followed for determining the cost of work-in-progress and finished stock of the goods and for services
under delivery or in-process shall be appropriate and shall be indicated in the cost records so as to reveal the cost
element that have been taken into account in such computation. All conversion costs incurred in bringing the
inventories to their present location and condition shall be taken into account while computing the cost of work-in-
progress and finished stock. The method adopted for determining the cost of work-in progress and finished goods shall
be followed consistently.
20. Captive Consumption
If the goods or services under reference are used for captive consumption, proper records shall be maintained showing
the quantity and cost of each such goods or services transferred to other departments or cost centres or units of the
company for self-consumption and sold to outside parties separately.
21. By-Products and Joint Products

a) Proper Records shall be maintained for each item of by-product, if any, produced showing the receipt, issues and
balances, both in quantity and value. The basis adopted for valuation of by-product for giving credit to the respective
process shall be equitable and consistent and should be indicated in cost records. Records showing the expenses
incurred on further processing, if any, as well as actual sales realization of by-product shall be maintained. The proper
records shall be maintained in respect of credits or recoveries from the disposal of by-products.
b) The cost up to the point of separation of products or services shall be apportioned to joint products or services on
reasonable and equitable basis and shall be applied consistently. The basis on which such joint costs are apportioned to
different products or services arising from the process shall be indicated in the cost records. Proper records shall be
69
maintained in respect of credits or recoveries from the disposal of joint products or services.
22. Adjustment of Cost Variances
Capacity shall be determined in terms of units of production or equivalent machine or man hours.
69
Proper records shall be maintained The cost up to the point of separation of products or services shall be apportioned to joint products or services on reasonable and equitable basis and shall be applied
consistently. The basis on which such joint costs are apportioned to different products or services arising from the process shall be indicated in the cost records. Proper records shall be maintained in respect
of credits or recoveries from the disposal of joint products or services.
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Where the company maintains cost records on any basis other than actual such as standard costing, the records shall
indicate the procedure followed by the company in working out the cost of the goods or services under such system.
The cost variances shall be shown against separate heads and analysed into material, labour, overheads and further
segregated into quantity, price and efficiency variances. The method followed for adjusting the cost variances in
determining the actual cost of the goods or services shall be indicated clearly in the cost records. The reasons for the
variances shall be duly explained in the cost records and statements.
23. Reconciliation of Cost and Financial Accounts
The cost statements shall be reconciled with the financial statements for the financial year specifically indicating the
expenses or incomes not considered in the cost records or statements so as to ensure accuracy and to adjust the profit
of the goods or services under reference with the overall profit of the company. The variations, if any, shall be clearly
indicated and explained.
24. Related Party Transactions
a) Related Party means related party as defined under sub-section 76 of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of
2013).
b) “Normal” Price means price charged for comparable and similar products in the ordinary course of trade and
commerce where the price charged in the sole consideration of sale and such sale is not made to a related party.
Normal price can be construed to be a price at which two unrelated and non-desperate parties would agree to a
transaction and where such transaction is not clouded due to the proximity of the parties to the transaction and free
from influence though the parties may have shared interest.
c) The basis adopted to determine Normal price should be classified as under:
i) Comparable uncontrolled price method

ii) Resale price method;
iii) Cost plus method;
iv) Profit split method;
v) Transactional net margin method;
vi) Any other method, to be specified.
d) In respect of related party transactions or supplies made or services rendered by a company to a company termed
“related party relationship” and vice-a-versa, records shall be maintained showing contracts entered into, agreements
or understanding reached in respect of -
(i) purchase and sale of raw materials, finished good(s), rendering of service(s), process materials and
rejected goods including scraps, etc.;
(ii) utilisation of plant facilities and technical know-how;
(iii) supply of utilities and any other services;
(iv) administrative, technical, managerial or any other consultancy services;
(v) purchase and sale of capital goods including plant and machinery; and
(vi) any other payment related to the production of goods or rendering of services under reference.
e) These records shall also indicate the basis followed for arriving at the rates charged or paid for such goods or services
so as to enable determination of the reasonableness of such rates in so far as they are in any way related to goods or
services under reference.
25. Expenses or Incentives on Exports
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a) Proper records showing the expenses incurred on the export sales, if any, of the goods or services under reference shall
be separately maintained so that the cost of export sales can be determined correctly. Separate cost statements shall
be prepared for goods or services exported giving details of export expenses incurred or incentive earned.
b) Proper records shall be maintained giving details of export commitments license-wise and the fulfilment of these
commitments giving the reasons for non-compliance, if any. In case, duty free imports are made, the cost statements
shall reflect this fact. If the duty free imports have been made after actual production, the statement shall reflect this
fact also.
26. Production Records
Quantitative records of all finished goods (packed or unpacked) or services rendered showing production, issues for
sales and balances of different type of the goods or services under reference, shall be maintained. The quantitative
details of production of goods or services rendered shall be maintained separately for self-produced, third party on job
work, loan license basis etc.
27. Sales Records
Separate details of sales shall be maintained for domestic sales at control price, domestic sales at market price, export
sales under advance license, export sales under other obligations, export sales at market price, and sales to related
party or inter unit transfer. In case of services, details of domestic delivery or sales at control price, domestic delivery
or sales at market price, export delivery or sales under advance license, export delivery or sales under other
obligations, export delivery or sales under market price, and delivery or sales to related party or inter unit transfer.
Such details shall be maintained separately for each plant or unit wise or service centre wise for total as well as per unit
sales realization.
28. Cost Statements

70
a) Cost statements (monthly, quarterly and annually) showing quantitative information in respect of each goods or
service under reference shall be prepared showing details of available capacity, actual production, production as per
excise records, production as per GST records, capacity utilisation (in-house), stock purchased for trading, stock and
other adjustments, quantity available for sale, wastage and actual sale, total quantity of outward supplies as per cost
records and total outward supplies as per GST records during current financial year and previous year.
b) Such statements shall also include details in respect of all major items of costs constituting cost of production of goods
and services, cost of sales of goods or services and margin in total as well as per unit of the goods and services. The
goods or services emerging from a process, which forms raw material or an input material or service for a subsequent
process, shall be valued at the cost of production or cost of service up to the previous stage.
71
c) Cost statements (monthly, quarterly and annually) in respect of reconciliation of indirect taxes showing details of
total clearances of goods or services, assessable value, duties or taxes paid, CENVAT or VAT or Service Tax or GST Credit
utilised, duties or taxes recovered and interest or penalty paid.
d) If the company is operating more than one plant, factory or service centre, separate cost statements as specified above
shall be prepared in respect of each plant. Factory or service centre.
e) Any other statement or information considered necessary for suitable presentation of costs and profitability of goods
or services produced by the company shall also be prepared.
29. Statistical Records
a) The records regarding available machine hours or direct labour hours in different production departments and actually
utilized shall be maintained for production of goods or rendering of services under reference and shortfall suitably
analysed. Suitable records for computation of idle time of machines or labor shall also be maintained and analysed.
70
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019. Prior to substitution, it was read as under: Cost statements (monthly, quarterly and annually) showing quantitative
information in respect of each good or service under reference shall be prepared showing details of available capacity, actual production, production as per excise records, capacity utilization (in-house),
stock purchased for trading, stock and other adjustments, quantity available for sale, wastage and actual sale during current financial year and previous year.
71
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019. Prior to substitution, it was read as under: Cost statements (monthly, quarterly and annually) in respect of reconciliation of
indirect taxes showing details of total clearances of goods or services, assessable value, duties or taxes paid, CENVAT or VAT or Service Tax credit utilized, duties or taxes recovered and interest or penalty
paid.
- 28 -
b) Proper records shall be maintained to enable company to identify the capital employed, net fixed assets and working
capital separately for the production of goods or rendering of services under reference and other goods or services to
the extent such elements are separately identifiable. Non-identifiable items shall be allocated on a suitable and
reasonable basis to different goods or services. Fresh investments on fixed assets for production of goods or rendering
of services under reference that have not contributed to the production of goods or rendering of services during the
relevant period or year shall be indicated in cost records. The records shall, in addition, show assets added as
replacement and those added for increasing existing capacity.
30. Records of Physical Verification
Records for physical verification may be maintained in respect of all items held in the stock such as raw material, process
materials, packing materials, consumables, stores, machinery spares, chemicals, fuels, finished goods and fixed assets etc.
Reasons for shortages or surplus arising out of such verifications and the method followed for adjusting the same in the
cost of the goods or services shall be indicated in the records.
31. Unit of Measurement (UOM)
The Unit of Measurement (UOM) for each Customs Tariff Act Heading, wherever applicable, shall be the same as provided
72
for in the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 (51 of 1975) corresponding to that particular Customs Tariff Act Heading.
72
- 29 -
Form CRA – 273
73
Updated on 24th April 2019
- 30 -
- 31 -
- 32 -
- 33 -
74
Form CRA-3
[Pursuant to Rule 6(4) of the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Rules, 2014]
FORM OF THE COST AUDIT REPORT
I/We,........................................... having been appointed as Cost Auditor(s) under Sub-Section (3) of Section 148 of the
Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013) of .........................................................(mention name of the company) having its
registered office at ..................................................... (mention registered office address of the company) (hereinafter
referred to as the company), have audited the Cost Records maintained under section 148 of the said Act, in compliance
with the cost auditing standards, in respect of the....................................[mention name (s) of Product(s) / service(s)] for the
period/year............................. (mention the financial year) maintained by the company and report, in addition to my/our
observations and suggestions in para 2.
(i) I/We have/have not obtained all the information and explanations, which to the best of my/our knowledge and belief
were necessary for the purpose of this audit.
(ii) In my/our opinion, proper cost records, as per Rule 5 of the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules,
2014 have/have not been maintained by the company in respect of product(s)/service(s) under reference.
(iii) In my/our opinion, proper returns adequate for the purpose of the Cost Audit have/have not been received from the
branches not visited by me/us.
(iv) In my/our opinion and to the best of my/our information, the said books and records give/do not give the information
required by the Companies Act, 2013, in the manner so required.
(v) In my/our opinion, the company has/does not have adequate system of internal audit of cost records which to my/our
opinion is commensurate to its nature and size of its business.
(vi) In my/our opinion, information, statements in the annexure to this cost audit report gives/does not give a true and
fair view of the cost of production of product(s)/rendering of service(s), cost of sales, margin and other information
relating to product(s)/service(s) under reference.
(vii) Detailed unit-wise and product/service-wise cost statements and schedules thereto in respect of the product/service
under reference of the company duly audited and certified by me/us are/are not kept in the company.
2. Observations and suggestions, if any, of the Cost Auditor, relevant to the cost audit.
Dated: this ____ day of _________ 20__

at _________ (mention name of place of signing this report)
SIGNATURE AND SEAL OF THE COST AUDITOR (S)

MEMBERSHIP NUMBER (S)
NOTES:
(1) Delete words not applicable.
74
- 34 -
(2) If as a result of the examination of the books of account, the Cost Auditor desires to point out any material deficiency or
give a qualified report, he/she shall indicate the same against the relevant para (i) to (vi) in the prescribed form of the Cost
Audit Report giving details of discrepancies he/she has come across.
(3) The report, suggestions, observations and conclusions given by the Cost Auditor under this paragraph shall be based on
verified data, reference to which shall be made here and shall, wherever practicable, be included after the company has
been afforded an opportunity to comment on them.
Annexure to the Cost Audit Report

Part-A
1. General Information
1 Corporate identity number or foreign company registration number
2 Name of company
Address of registered office or of principal place of business in India of

3
company
4 Address of corporate office of company
5 Email address of company
6 Date of beginning of reporting Financial Year dd/mm/yyyy
7 Date of end of reporting Financial Year dd/mm/yyyy
8 Date of beginning of previous financial year dd/mm/yyyy
9 Date of end of previous financial year dd/mm/yyyy

75
10 Level of rounding used in cost statements (in INR) Absolute/thousands/lacs/crores
76
11 Whether Indian Accounting Standards are applicable to the company: Yes/No
12 Number of cost auditors for reporting period
Date of board of directors meeting in which annexure to cost audit

13
report was approved
Whether cost auditors report has been qualified or has any

14
reservations or contains adverse remarks
Consolidated qualifications, reservations or adverse remarks of all cost

15
auditors
16 Consolidated observations or suggestions of all cost auditors
Whether company has related party transactions for sale or purchase

17
of goods or services
75
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution, it was read as “Level of rounding used in cost statements”
76
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution, it was read as “Reporting currency of entity”
- 35 -
2. General Details of Cost Auditor
1 Whether cost auditor is lead auditor
2 Category of cost auditor
3 Firm's registration number
4 Name of cost auditor/cost auditor’s firm
5 PAN of cost auditor/cost auditor’s firm
6 Address of cost auditor or cost auditor’s firm
7 Email id of cost auditor or cost auditor’s firm
8 Membership number of member signing report
9 Name of member signing report
77
10 Name(s) of product(s) or service(s) with CTA Headings
78
11 SRN number of Form CRA-2
79
Number of audit committee meeting (s) during the year for
12(a)
which Cost Auditor was invited.
80
Number of audit committee meeting(s) attended by cost
12(b)
auditor during year
Date of signing cost audit report and annexure by cost
13
auditor
Place of signing cost audit report and annexure by cost
14
auditor
3. Cost Accounting Policy

(1) Briefly describe the cost accounting policy adopted by the Company and its adequacy or otherwise to determine
correctly the cost of production/operation, cost of sales, sales realization and margin of the product(s)/service(s) under
reference separately for each product(s)/service(s). The policy should cover, inter alia, the following areas:
a) Identification of cost centres/cost objects and cost drivers.
b) Accounting for material cost including packing materials, stores and spares etc., employee cost, utilities and other
relevant cost components.
c) Accounting, allocation and absorption of overheads
d) Accounting for Depreciation/Amortization
e) Accounting for by-products/joint-products or services, scarps, wastage etc.
f) Basis for Inventory Valuation
g) Methodology for valuation of Inter-Unit/Inter Company and Related Party transactions.
h) Treatment of abnormal and non-recurring costs including classification of other non-cost items.
i) Other relevant cost accounting policy adopted by the Company
77
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Second Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to its substitution it was read as “CETA”
78
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019. Prior to substitution, it was read as “23C/CRA-2”
79
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019
80
- 36 -
(2) Briefly specify the changes, if any, made in the cost accounting policy for the product(s)/service(s) under audit during
the current financial year as compared to the previous financial year.
(3) Observations of the Cost Auditor regarding adequacy or otherwise of the Budgetary Control System, if any, followed by
the company.
4. PRODUCT/SERVICE DETAILS (for the company as a whole)

81 Whether Net Operational Revenue
CTA
Covered (net of taxes, duties etc.)
Heading
Name of Product(s) /Service(s) UOM under Cost Current Previous
(Wherever
Audit Year Year
applicable)
Yes / No Rs. Rs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
………
82
Total Net Operational revenue of
Manufactured Product or Service
83
Other Operative Incomes of the
Company
84
Total Operative Incomes of the
Company
Other Incomes of Company
Total revenue as per Financial
Accounts
85
Exceptional and Extra Ordinary
income
86
Other Comprehensive Income, if
any
Total Revenue including
Exceptional, Extra Ordinary and
Other Comprehensive Income, if
87
any
88
Turnover as per Excise / Service
Tax /GST records
89
Note: Explain the difference, if any, between Turnover as per Financial Statements and Turnover as per
90
Excise / Service Tax /GST records.
81
82
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Second Amendment Rules, 2019.Prior to the substitution it was read as “Total Net Operational revenue of Manufactured Product or Service”
83
84
85
86
87
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution, it was read as “Total Revenue including Exceptional, Extra Ordinary and Other Comprehensive
Income, if any”
88
- 37 -
PART-B
FOR MANUFACTURING SECTOR

91
1. QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION (for each product with CTA Heading separately)
Name of Product
92
CTA Heading
Particulars Unit Current Year Previous Year
1. Available Capacity
(a) Installed Capacity
(b) Capacity enhanced during the year, if any
(c) Capacity available through leasing arrangements, if any
(d) Capacity available through loan license / third parties
(e) Total available Capacity
2. Actual Production
(a) Self manufactured
(b) Produced under leasing arrangements
(c) Produced on loan license / by third parties on job work
(d) Total Production
93
3. Production as per Excise/ GST records
4. Capacity Utilization (in-house)
5. Finished Goods Purchased
(a) Domestic Purchase of Finished Goods
(b) Imports of Finished Goods
(c) Total Finished Goods Purchased
6. Stock & Other Adjustments
(a) Change in Stock of Finished Goods
(b) Self / Captive Consumption (incl. samples etc.)
(c) Other Quantitative Adjustments, if any (wastage etc.)
(d) Total Adjustments
7. Total Available Quantity for Sale [2(d) + 5(c) + 6(d)]
8. Actual Sales
(a) Domestic Sales of Product
(b) Domestic Sales of Traded Product
(c) Export Sale of Product
(d) Export Sale of Traded Product
(e) Total Quantity Sold
94
2. ABRIDGED COST STATEMENT (for each product with CTA Heading separately)
Name of Product
89
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution, it was read as “Annual Accounts”
90
91
92
93
substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019.
94
- 38 -
95
CTA Heading
Unit of Measure
Finished Finished
Captive Other Quantity
Production Goods Stock
Consumption Adjustments Sold
Purchased Adjustment
Current Year
Previous Year
Current Year Previous Year
Sno. Particulars Amount Rate per Amount Rate per
(Rs.) Unit (Rs.) (Rs.) Unit (Rs.)
1 Materials Consumed (specify details as per Para 2A)

2 Process Materials/Chemicals
3 Utilities (specify details as per 2B)
4 Direct Employees Cost
5 Direct Expenses
6 Consumable Stores & Spares
7 Repairs & Maintenance
8 Quality Control Expenses
9 Research & Development Expenses
10 Technical know-how Fee / Royalty
11 Depreciation/Amortization
12 Other Production Overheads
Industry Specific Operating Expenses (specify details as per
13
Para 2C)
14 Total (1 to 13)
15 Increase/Decrease in Work-in-Progress
16 Less: Credits for Recoveries, if any
17 Primary Packing Cost
18 Cost of Production/Operations (14 + 15 to 17)
19 Cost of Finished Goods Purchased
20 Total Cost of Production & Purchases (18 + 19)
21 Increase/Decrease in Stock of Finished Goods
22 Less: Self/Captive Consumption (incl. Samples, etc.)
23 Other Adjustments (if any)
24 Cost of Production/Operation of Product Sold (20 + 21 to 23)
25 Administrative Overheads
26 Secondary Packing Cost
27 Selling & Distribution Overheads
96
28 Cost of Sales before Finance Charges (24 to 27)
97
29 Finance Cost
30 Cost of Sales (28 + 29)
31 Net Sales Realization (Net of Taxes and Duties)
32 Margin [Profit/(Loss) as per Cost Accounts] (31 - 30)
NOTES:
95
96
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019. Prior to substitution it was read as “Interest
97
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution, it was read as “Interest and Financing Charges”
- 39 -
98
1. Separate cost statement shall be prepared for each CTA heading representing the product.
In case the same product has different unit of measure, separate cost statement shall be provided for
2.
different unit of measures.
The items of cost shown in the Proforma are indicative and the same should be reflected keeping in mind the
3. materiality of the item of cost in the product. The Proforma may be suitably modified to meet the
requirement of the industry/product.
In case the company follows a pre-determined or standard costing system, the above cost statement should
4.
reflect figures at actuals after adjustment of variances, if any.
2A. Details of Materials Consumed

Name of Product
99
CTA Heading
Description of
Category UOM Rate per Rate per
Material Quantity Amount Quantity Amount
Unit (Rs.) Unit (Rs.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Category: Indigenous/ Imported/ Self Manufactured
2B. Details of Utilities Consumed

Name of Product
100
CTA Heading
101 Current Year Previous Year
Description of Utilities
UOM Rate per Rate per
Consumed Quantity Amount Quantity Amount
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
98
99
100
101
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019. Prior to substitution it was read as “Material”
- 40 -
2C. Details of Industry Specific Operating Expenses
Name of Product
102
CTA Heading
Description of Industry Specific Operating Expenses
Amount Amount
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
PART-C
FOR SERVICE SECTOR
1. QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION (for each service separately)
Name of Service
Service Code (if applicable)
Unit of
Particulars Current Year Previous Year
Measurement
1. Available Capacity
(a) Installed Capacity
(b) Capacity enhanced during the year, if any
(c) Total available Capacity
2. Actual Services Provided
(a) Own Services
(b) Services under contractual arrangements
(c) Outsourced Services
(d) Total Services
103
3. Total Services provided as per Service Tax /GST Records
4. Capacity Utilization (in-house)
104
5. Other Adjustments
(a) Self or Captive Consumption
(b) Other Quantitative Adjustments, if any
(c) Total Other Adjustments
105
6. Total Available Services for Sale [2(d)+5(c)]
7. Actual Services Sold
(a) Services rendered – Domestic
(b) Services rendered – Export
(c) Total Services Rendered
102
103
104
Added by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019
105
Added by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019
- 41 -
2. ABRIDGED COST STATEMENT (for each service separately)
Name of Service
Unit of Measure
Services Captive Other Services
Provided Consumption Adjustments rendered
Current Year
Previous Year
Sno. Particulars Amount Rate per Amount Rate per
(Rs.) Unit (Rs.) (Rs.) Unit (Rs.)
1 Materials Consumed (specify details as per Para 5A)

2 Utilities (specify details as per Para 5B)
3 Direct Employees Cost
4 Direct Expenses
5 Consumable Stores & Spares
6 Repairs & Maintenance
7 Quality Control Expenses
8 Research & Development Expenses
9 Technical know-how Fee / Royalty
10 Depreciation/Amortization
11 Other Overheads
Industry Specific Operating Expenses (specify details as per
12
Para 2C)
13 Total (1 to 12)
14 Less: Credits for Recoveries, if any
15 Cost of Services provided (13 - 14)
16 Cost of Outsourced/Contractual Services
17 Total Services available
18 Less: Self/Captive Consumption
19 Other Adjustments (if any)
20 Cost of Services Sold (17 – 18 + 19)
21 Administrative Overheads
22 Selling & Distribution Overheads
106
23 Cost of Sales before Finance Charges (20+21+22)
107
24 Finance Cost
25 Cost of Sales (23 + 24)
26 Net Sales Realization (Net of Taxes and Duties)
27 Margin [Profit/(Loss) as per Cost Accounts] (26 - 25)
NOTES:
1. Separate cost statement shall be prepared for each service
106
107
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution, it was read as “Interest and Financing Charges”
- 42 -
The items of cost shown in the Proforma are indicative and the same should be reflected keeping in mind
2.
the materiality of the item of cost in the service.
3. The Proforma may be suitably modified to meet the requirement of the industry/service.
In case the company follows a pre-determined or standard costing system, the above cost statement should
4.
reflect figures at actuals after adjustment of variances, if any.
2A. Details of Materials Consumed

Name of Service
Description of
Category UOM Rate per Rate per
Material Quantity Amount Quantity Amount
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Category: Indigenous/ Imported/ Self Manufactured
2B. Details of Utilities Consumed

Name of Service
108 Current Year Previous Year
Description of Utilities
UOM Rate per Rate per
Consumed Quantity Amount Quantity Amount
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
2C. Details of Industry Specific Operating Expenses

Name of Service
108
- 43 -
Description of Industry Specific Operating Expenses
Amount Amount
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
PART-D
1. PRODUCT AND SERVICE PROFITABILITY STATEMENT (for audited products/services)
Sno. Particulars Cost of Cost of
Sales Margin Sales Margin
Sales Sales
Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
Product 1
Product 2
Product 3
…… etc.
Service 1
Service 2
Service 3
…… etc.
Total
2. PROFIT RECONCILIATION (for the company as a whole)

Sno. Particulars Current Year Previous Year
Rs. Rs.
109
1 Profit or Loss as per Cost Accounts
(a) For the audited product(s)/service(s)
(b) For the un-audited product(s)/service(s)
2 Add: Incomes not considered in cost accounts (specify details)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
109
- 44 -
j)
3 Less: Expenses not considered in cost accounts (specify details)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
4 Difference in Valuation of stock between financial accounts and
cost accounts
5. Other adjustments, if any
6 Profit or Loss as per Financial Accounts (excluding Other
110
Comprehensive Income for companies following Ind AS)
Note: Show abnormal wastages, expenses on strikes/lock-outs and any other items of expenses or incomes of
abnormal nature etc. not considered in cost separately
3. VALUE ADDITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF EARNINGS (for the company as a whole)

Sno. Particulars Current Year Previous Year
Rs. Rs.
Value Addition:
111
1 Revenue from Operations
112
2 Less: Taxes and Other Duties
113
3 Net Revenue from Operations
4 Add: Export Incentives
114
5 Add/Less: Adjustment in Stocks
6 Less: Cost of bought out inputs
(a) Cost of Materials Consumed
(b) Process Materials / Chemicals
(c) Consumption of Stores & Spares
(d) Utilities (e.g. power & fuel)
(e) Others, if any
Total Cost of bought out inputs
7 Value Added
8 Add: Income from any other sources
115
9(i) Exceptional & Extra Ordinary Income
116
9(ii) Other Comprehensive Income, if any
10 Earnings available for distribution
110
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution, it was read as “Profit or Loss as per Financial Accounts”
111
112
113
114
115
116
- 45 -
Distribution of Earnings to:
1 Employees as salaries & wages, retirement benefits, etc.
2 Shareholders as dividend
3 Company as retained funds
4 Government as taxes (specify)
117
5 Exceptional and Extra Ordinary Expenses, if any
6 Others, if any (specify)
7 Total distribution of earnings
4. FINANCIAL POSITION AND RATIO ANALYSIS (for the company as a whole)

Sno. Particulars Units Current Year Previous Year
A. Financial Position
1 Share Capital
2 Reserves & Surplus
3 Long Term Borrowings
118
4 (a) Gross Fixed Assets
119
(b) Net Fixed Assets
5 (a) Current Assets
(b) Less: Current Liabilities
(c) Net Current Assets
6 Capital Employed
7 Net Worth
B. Financial Performance
1 Value Added
2 Net Revenue from Operations of Company
3 Profit before Tax (PBT)
C. Profitability Ratios
1 PBT to Capital Employed (B3/A6) %
2 PBT to Net Worth (B3/A7) %
3 PBT to Value Added (B3/B1) %
4 PBT to Net revenue from Operations (B3/B2) %
D. Other Financial Ratios
1 Debt-Equity Ratio
2 Current Assets to Current Liabilities
3 Valued Added to Net Revenue from Operations %
E. Working Capital Ratios
1 Raw Materials Stock to Consumption Months
2 Stores & Spares to Consumption Months
Notes:
1) In this table, in case of companies to which Indian Accounting Standards apply:
a) Share Capital shall mean ‘Equity Share Capital’
b) Reserves & Surplus shall mean ‘Other Equity.’
c) Long Term Borrowings shall mean ‘Borrowing under Non Current Liabilities’
d) Net Fixed Assets shall mean the sum total of ‘Property, Plant and Equipment’, ‘Capital Work in Progress’,
‘Goodwill’, ‘Other intangible assets’, ‘Intangible assets under development’ and ‘Biological assets other than bearer
117
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution, it was read as “Extra Ordinary Expenses”
118
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution, it was read as “Gross Assets”
119
Substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2017. Prior to substitution, it was read as “Net Assets”
- 46 -
plants’.
2) Capital Employed means average of “Net fixed assets (excluding effect of revaluation) plus Non-current
investments and net current assets” existing at the beginning and close of the financial year.
3) Net Worth is as defined under clause (57) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013.
4) In case of companies to which Indian Accounting Standards apply:
a) Revenue shall be net of taxes & duties.
120
b) PBT shall not include “Other Comprehensive Income”
5. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (for the company as a whole)
Sno. Name & Name of Nature of Quantity Transfer Amount Normal Basis adopted
121
CIN of the Transacti Price Price to determine
the Product / on (Sale, the Normal
Related Service Purchase Price
Party etc.)
1
2
3
4
5
6 -
7
8
9
10
NOTES:
1) Details should be furnished for each Related Party and Product /Service separately.
2) Details of Related Party transactions without indicating the Normal Price and the basis thereof shall be
considered as incomplete information.
120
1) Capital Employed means average of Net fixed assets (excluding effect of revaluation of fixed assets) plus Non-current investments and net current assets existing at the beginning and close of the financial
year.
2) Net Worth is as defined under clause (57) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013.
121
- 47 -
122
6. Reconciliation of Indirect Taxes (for the Company as a whole)
Excise Goods & Services Tax

Duty/ SGST / Cess and
Particulars CGST IGST
Taxable VAT, CST, UTGST Others
Value / Cess Etc./
Assessable Other
Value State
Taxes, if
any
Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
Sl. Duties/Taxes Payable
No. Excise Duty
1 Domestic
2 Export
3 Stock Transfers (Net)
4 Others, if any
5 Total Excise Duty (1 to 4)
- -
6 VAT, CST, Cess etc.
7 Other State Taxes, if any
Goods & Services Tax
8 Outward Taxable Supplies (other
than zero rated, Nil Rated and
Exempted)
Outward Taxable Supplies (zero
9
rated)
Inward Supplies (liable to Reverse
10
Charge)
Other Outward Supplies (Nil Rated,
11
Exempted)
12 NON-GST Outward Supplies
13 Total (8 to 12) - - - - -
Total Duties / Taxes Payable (5 + 6
14 - - - - -
+ 7 + 13)
Duties/ Taxes paid [by Utilisation of Input Tax Credit and Payment through Cash Ledger, as the case may be]
Input Tax Credit Utilised
15 CGST / CENVAT
16 SGST / UTGST / VAT
17 IGST
18 CESS
19 Transitional Credit
20 Others, if any, specify
Total Input Tax Credit Utilised (15
21 - - - -
to 20)
22 Payment through Cash Ledger
23 Total Duties/Taxes Paid (21 + 22) - - - - -
Difference between Taxes Paid
- - - - -
and Payable (14 - 23)
23 Interest/Penalty/Fines Paid
122
Table substituted by the Companies (Cost Records and Audit) Amendment Rules, 2019
- 48 -
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
NAME NAME NAME
COST AUDITOR COMPANY SECRETARY/DIRECTOR DIRECTOR
MEMBERSHIP NUMBER MEMBERSHIP/DIN NUMBER DIN NUMBER
SEAL STAMP STAMP
DATE DATE DATE
Notes:
(1) Wherever, there is any significant variation in the current year's figure over the previous year's figure for any
item shown under each para of the Annexure to the Cost Audit Report, reasons thereof shall be given by the
Cost Auditor.
(2) Wherever, duration of the current year or the previous year is not 12 (twelve) months, same shall be clearly
indicated in the Report.
(3) The Unit of Measurement (UOM) for each Customs Tariff Act Heading, wherever applicable, shall be the
same as provided for in the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 (51 of 1975) corresponding to that particular Customs Tariff
123
Act Heading.
123
- 49 -
Form CRA – 4124
124
- 50 -
- 51 -
- 52 -
- 53 -

Companies CRAR 2019

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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS

New Delhi, 30th June 2014,

Sl.no Industry /Sector/ Product/Service Customs Tariff Act

1. Telecommunication services made available to users by Not applicable

2. Generation, transmission, distribution and supply of Generation – 2716;

3. Petroleum products; including activities regulated by the 2709 to 2715;

(a) (i) Cardiac Stents;

5. Fertilisers; 3102 to 3105.

6. Sugar and industrial alcohol; 1701; 1703; 2207.

(B) Non-regulated Sectors

SN Industry/ Sector/ Product/ Service Customs Tariff Act Heading

2. Turbo jets and turbo propellers; 8411

3. Arms and ammunitions and Explosives; 3601 to 3603; 9301 to

4. Propellant powders; prepared explosives (other than 3601 to 3603

5. Radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus and 8526

6. Tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles, motorized, 8710

7. Port services of stevedoring, pilotage, hauling, mooring, Not applicable.

9. Iron and Steel; 7201 to 7229; 7301 to

10. Roads and other infrastructure projects corresponding Not applicable.

11. Rubber and allied products; including products 4001 to 4017

12. Coffee and tea; 0901 to 0902

14. Cement; 2523; 6811 to 6812

15. Ores and Mineral Products; 2502 to 2522; 2524 to

17. Base metals; 7401 to 7403; 7405 to

18. Inorganic chemicals, organic or inorganic compounds of 2801 to 2853; 2901 to

20. Edible Oil; 1507 to 1518

22. Health services, namely functioning as or running Not applicable.

24. Milk powder; 0402

25. Insecticides; 3808

26. Plastics and Polymers; 3901 to 3914; 3916

27. Tyres and Tubes; 4011 to 4013

28. Pulp and 15Paper; 4701 to 470416; 4801 to

29. Textiles; 5004 to 5007; 5106 to

30. Glass; 7003 to 7008; 7011; 7016

31. Other machinery and Mechanical Appliances; 8402 to 8487

32. Electricals or electronic machinery; 8501 to 8507; 8511 to

33. Production, import and supply or trading of following 9018 to 9022

Particulars relating to the Items of Costs to be included in the Books of Accounts

f) Overheads shall not include imputed cost.

ii) Units sold

iii) Sales value

vii. Expenditure incurred in securing copyrights or licences

viii. Expenditure incurred for developing computer software

12. Quality Control Expenses

18. Capacity Determination

i) Manufacturers’ Technical specifications

i) Holidays, normal shut down days and normal idle time,

19. Work-in-Progress and Finished Stock

20. Captive Consumption

21. By-Products and Joint Products

23. Reconciliation of Cost and Financial Accounts

24. Related Party Transactions

c) The basis adopted to determine Normal price should be classified as under:

i) Comparable uncontrolled price method

27. Sales Records

28. Cost Statements

31. Unit of Measurement (UOM)

Dated: this ____ day of _________ 20__

Dated: this day of ___ 20