Iso 16232 - 10

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16232-10
First edition
2007-06-01
Road vehicles — Cleanliness of

components of fluid circuits —
Part 10:
Expression of results
Véhicules routiers — Propreté des composants des circuits de fluide —
Partie 10: Expression des résultats
Normen-Download-Beuth-Hengst GmbH & Co. KG-KdNr.6841216-LfNr.3985756001-2008-04-10 09:19
Reference number
ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
© ISO 2007
ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
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ii © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Contents Page
Foreword............................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ v
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 2
4 Principles ............................................................................................................................................... 2
5 Expression of results of gravimetric analysis ................................................................................... 2
5.1 Necessary data...................................................................................................................................... 2
5.2 Expression of results ........................................................................................................................... 2
6 Expression of results of particle size distribution analysis - Component Cleanliness Code,
CCC ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
6.1 Necessary data...................................................................................................................................... 3
6.2 Size classes........................................................................................................................................... 3
6.3 Contamination level.............................................................................................................................. 5
6.4 Component Cleanliness Code (CCC).................................................................................................. 5
7 Expression of results by the number of particles per component .................................................. 6
7.1 Size classes........................................................................................................................................... 6
7.2 Contamination level.............................................................................................................................. 6
7.3 Component Cleanliness Code............................................................................................................. 6
8 Largest particle ..................................................................................................................................... 7
9 Test report ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Annex A (informative) Recommendation of use of the Component Cleanliness Code (CCC)................... 9
Annex B (informative) Determination of the wetted volume of a component ............................................ 10

Annex C (informative) Examples of Component Cleanliness Codes.......................................................... 13
Annex D (informative) Alternative transitional expression of cleanliness ................................................. 15
Annex E (informative) Example of test report - Cleanliness inspection report according to
ISO 16232 ............................................................................................................................................. 16
Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
© ISO 2007 – All rights reserved iii

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16232-10 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, Engine
tests.
ISO 16232 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components
of fluid circuits:
— Part 1: Vocabulary
— Part 2: Method of extraction of contaminants by agitation
— Part 3: Method of extraction of contaminants by pressure rinsing
— Part 4: Method of extraction of contaminants by ultrasonic techniques

— Part 5: Method of extraction of contaminants on functional test bench
— Part 6: Particle mass determination by gravimetric analysis
— Part 7: Particle sizing and counting by microscopic analysis
— Part 8: Particle nature determination by microscopic analysis
— Part 9: Particle sizing and counting by automatic light extinction particle counter
— Part 10: Expression of results
iv © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Introduction
The presence of particulate contamination in a fluid system is acknowledged to be a major factor governing
the life and reliability of that system. The presence of particles residual from the manufacturing and assembly
processes will cause a substantial increase in the wear rates of the system during the initial run-up and early
life, and may even cause catastrophic failures.
In order to achieve reliable performance of components and systems, control over the amount of particles
introduced during the build phase is necessary, and measurement of particulate contaminants is the basis of
control.
The ISO 16232 series has been drafted to fulfil the requirements of the automotive industry, since the function
and performance of modern automotive fluid components and systems are sensitive to the presence of a
single or a few critically sized particles. Consequently, ISO 16232 requires the analysis of the total volume of
extraction liquid and of all contaminants collected using an approved extraction method.
The ISO 16232 series has been based on existing ISO International Standards such as those developed by
ISO/TC 131/SC 6. These International Standards have been extended, modified and new ones have been
developed to produce a comprehensive suite of International Standards to measure and report the cleanliness
levels of parts and components fitted to automotive fluid circuits.
This part of ISO 16232 defines rules for expressing these cleanliness levels when measured by the methods
defined in ISO 16232-6, ISO 16232-7, ISO 16232-8 and ISO 16232-9.
Users of the ISO 16232 series introducing this coding system are encouraged to inform the ISO/TC 22/SC 5
secretariat of any problems met, through their national standards organization.
© ISO 2007 – All rights reserved v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits —

Part 10:
Expression of results
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16232 defines the rules and the forms of expression and presentation of the results of
measurements of particulate cleanliness of components for the fluid circuits of motor vehicles. It also defines a
cleanliness coding system for simplifying the reporting and communication of particulate contamination data.
This part of ISO 16232 also defines the rules to be used for specifying cleanliness requirements.
This part of ISO 16232 does not concern the expression of particulate cleanliness of fluids.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16232-1, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 1: Vocabulary
ISO 16232-2, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 2: Method of extraction of
contaminants by agitation
contaminants by pressure rinsing
contaminants by ultrasonic techniques
contaminants on functional test bench
ISO 16232-6, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 6: Particle mass
determination by gravimetric analysis
ISO 16232-7, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 7: Particle sizing and
counting by microscopic analysis
ISO 16232-8, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 8: Particle nature
determination by microscopic analysis
ISO 16232-9, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 9: Particle sizing and
counting by automatic light extinction particle counter
© ISO 2007 – All rights reserved 1

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16232-1 apply.
4 Principles
Particulate contamination, as measured in the whole volume of extraction fluid used in one of the methods of
extraction and analyses described in ISO 16232 series, is quantified:
⎯ per component;
⎯ to a reference surface of 1 000 cm2 of wetted surface of a component;
⎯ to a reference volume of 100 cm3 of wetted volume of a component.
The level of particulate contamination can be expressed by the total mass, by the particle-size distribution
(number of particles per size class) possibly combined with the nature of particles or by the dimension of the
largest particle(s) found. Data can also be combined, e.g. total mass and largest particle.
Cleanliness levels shall only be compared if they are in the same measurement units, i.e. either per 1000 cm2
of wetted surface area or 100 cm3 of wetted volume.
The cleanliness levels expressed per component shall never be compared one with the other. They shall only
be used to compare a result to a specification.
Annex A gives recommendation for using the appropriate Component Cleanliness Code (CCC) codification.
NOTE In view of the different physical principles used to evaluate the size of the particles (e.g. a microscope or a
light extinction automatic particle counter), the particulate contamination level measured on the same extraction sample
can be different.
5 Expression of results of gravimetric analysis
5.1 Necessary data

The expression of the results of a gravimetric analysis requires knowledge of the following characteristics:
1) wetted volume (VC) or wetted surface area (AC) or VC/AC ratio of the component (see Annex B for an
example);
2) number of components analysed if the contaminants are collected from more than one component;
3) total mass (mg) of contaminants collected by extraction.
NOTE There is no relationship between the gravimetric analysis results and the other contamination analysis results
(e.g. particle counting).
5.2 Expression of results
5.2.1 Mass per component (mCp)
Let n be the number of components analysed and m the total mass of contaminants collected, then:
m
mCp = mg per component
n
2 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
When low weight or/and small components are analysed, the result can be expressed as the mass of
contaminants for n components. This is written as:
mCp = m mg for n components
NOTE The cleanliness level reported by the mass per component varies arbitrarily depending on both, the size of the
part and amount of its contamination.
5.2.2 Mass per unit surface area of component (mA)
If AC is the wetted surface area of the component (cm2) and m the total mass (mg) of contaminant collected,
then:
m × 1 000
mA = in mg /1 000 cm 2 of component
AC
5.2.3 Mass per unit volume of component (mV)
If VC is the wetted volume of the component (cm3) and m the total mass (mg) of contaminant collected, then:
m × 100
mV = in mg/100 cm3 of component
VC
6 Expression of results of particle size distribution analysis - Component

Cleanliness Code, CCC
6.1 Necessary data
To present the data from the extraction tests in this form and obtain the CCC requires the information detailed
in 5.1 and the following:
⎯
all or part of the counting size intervals chosen from Table 1 as specified in the inspection document;
⎯ wetted volume (VC) or wetted surface area (AC) or VC/AC ratio of the component (see Annex B for an
example);
⎯ number of components analysed if the contaminants are collected from more than one component;
⎯ the numbers of the particles extracted from the component(s) analysed in each of the specified size
ranges.
6.2 Size classes
The particles are counted in all or part of the size ranges defined by an inclusive lower size (called x1) and an
exclusive higher one (called x2) among those listed in Table 1.
Each size range is labelled by a letter which defines a size class.

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Table 1 — Size classes for particle counting Table 2 — Definition of the cleanliness level
of a component
Size class Size x (µm)
Number of particles
B 5 u x < 15 per 100 cm3 or
C 15 u x < 25 per 1 000 cm2
Cleanliness
D 25 u x < 50 level
E 50 u x < 100 Up to and

More than
including
F 100 u x < 150
0 0 00
G 150 u x < 200
0 1 0
H 200 u x < 400
1 2 1
I 400 u x < 600
2 4 2
J 600 u x < 1 000
4 8 3
K 1 000 u x
8 16 4
16 32 5
NOTE According to individual requirements, size
32 64 6
ranges may be combined and/or left out.
64 130 7
130 250 8
250 500 9
500 1 × 103 10
1× 103 2× 103 11
2 × 103 4 × 103 12
4 × 103 8 × 103 13
8× 103 16 × 103 14
16 × 103 32 × 103 15
32 × 103 64 × 103 16
64 × 103 130 × 103 17
130 × 103 250 × 103 18
250 × 103 500 × 103 19
500 × 103 1 × 106 20
1× 106 2× 106 21
2 × 106 4 × 106 22
4 × 106 8 × 106 23
8× 106 16 × 106 24
NOTE In the test report, it is advisable that the raw

number of particles also be noted.

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
6.3 Contamination level
The level of particulate contamination of a component in a given particle size class is expressed by the
number specified in Table 2 as a function of the number of particles counted on the component with respect to
the geometrical unit (100 cm3 or 1 000 cm2) chosen.
6.4 Component Cleanliness Code (CCC)
6.4.1 The Cleanliness Code of Components (CCC) is written as a sequence, enclosed in parentheses and
separated by slashes, of alphanumerical pairs specifying all or several of the size classes from Table 1 and
their level of contamination given by Table 2.
The capital letters A or V printed before the parentheses explains if the code refers either to 1 000 cm2 of
wetted surface area or to 100 cm3 of wetted volume of the component.
6.4.2 When the CCC refers to the whole size ranges all letters of Table 1 and corresponding levels are
written: for instance
CCC = V (B20/C16/D18/E12/F12/G12/H8/I0/J0/K00)
6.4.3 When the CCC refers to some size classes, only the relevant letters and corresponding levels are
written: for instance
CCC = V (C16/D18/E12/F12/G12/J0)
means that there was no requirement (or no results) for cleanliness data at size ranges B,H, I and K.
6.4.4 When several successive size classes are at the same cleanliness level, they are reported by their
letters side by side and the relevant level is written after the last letter: e.g. : .../EFG12/...
CCC = V (C16/D18/EFG12/H8/J0)
means that between 2 000 and 4 000 particles (level 12) are in three size ranges 50 u x < 100 (size E),
100 u x < 150 (size F) and 150 u x < 200 (size G) µm and that there is no requirement or data for size B, I and
K.
6.4.5 When the cleanliness level relates to a size range broader than the ones of Table 1, i.e. it covers
several consecutive size classes, it is labelled by the letters of the lower and higher sizes linked by an hyphen
(-) followed by the relevant level, e.g.: ...../G-J20/.....
CCC = V (C16/D18/EF12/G-J20)
means between 500 × 103 and 106 particles (level 20) between 150 and less than 1 000 µm (sizes G to J) and
no requirement or data at other sizes.
CCC = V (G-K20)
means between 500 × 103 and 106 particles (level 20) greater than 150 µm (sizes G to K) and no requirement
or data at other sizes.
CCC = V (G-K00)
means no particle (level 00) greater than 150 µm (sizes G to K) and no requirement or data at other sizes.
Other examples are given in Annex C.
6.4.6 Alternative transitional expression of cleanliness
Due to some existing practice, Annex D gives an alternative transitional expression of cleanliness.

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
7 Expression of results by the number of particles per component
7.1 Size classes
The size classes are specified in Table 3.
Table 3 — Size classes for particle counting
Size class Size x (µm)
B 5 u x < 15
C 15 u x < 25
D 25 u x < 50
E 50 u x < 100
F 100 u x < 150
G 150 u x < 200
H 200 u x < 400
I 400 u x < 600
J 600 u x < 1 000
K 1 000 u x
7.2 Contamination level
The contamination level is expressed by the number of particles per component.
7.3 Component Cleanliness Code
7.3.1 The code is written as the sequence, enclosed in parentheses and separated by slashes, of
alphanumerical pairs specifying all or several of size classes from Table 3 and its rounded number of particles
per component.
The letter N (for number) is written before the first parenthesis.
CCC = N (B585600/C58200/D180500/E3600/F2800/G2900/H190/I4/J0)

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
7.3.2 When the number of particles relates to a size range broader than the ones of Table 3, i.e. covers
several consecutive size classes, the range is expressed by the letters of the lower and the higher sizes linked
by an hyphen (-) followed by the relevant number.
e.g.: N (G-K 40) means 40 or less than 40 particles are larger than 150 µm (sizes G to K) per component.
N (G-K 40)
Particle number is less than

or equal to 40
Number of particles per
component
With no upper size limit
Particles 150 µm or larger
7.3.3 Other cases are reported as specified in 6.4.
8 Largest particle
If the particulate contamination of a component has to be expressed by the size of the largest particle report
as X = “size” in micrometres.
EXAMPLE X = 650 µm
9 Test report
9.1 The test report on the cleanliness of a component shall contain the details listed in 9.2 and the
reference to the inspection document used. The details contained in the inspection document shall not be
supplied together with each inspection report. Those details shall be included with the test report.
9.2 The report details shall be:
⎯ Date
⎯ Identification of the laboratory
⎯ Identification of the laboratory’s customer/client
⎯ Identification of the analysis and the report
⎯ Operator or authorised signature
⎯ Identification of the component analysed:
⎯ component part number;
⎯ supplier;
⎯ wetted volume (VC) or wetted surface area (AC), (optional);

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
⎯ origin and date of component sampling;
⎯ number of components.
⎯ Conditions of extraction and analysis:
⎯ reference of extraction procedure;
⎯ number of components analysed;
⎯ type of extraction (agitation, pressure rinsing, ultrasonic bath, functional test bench);
⎯ type of environment where the analysis has been performed.
⎯ Results of analysis of the extraction sample(s):
a) Expression of the gravimetric analysis:
⎯ reference of the method of analysis;
⎯ volume of extraction liquid analysed;
⎯ manufacturer, part number, diameter and mean flow pore size (MFPS) of the membrane filter;
⎯ blank value;
⎯ mass of the membrane filter, first clean and then after filtration;
⎯ mass of contaminants retained;
⎯ mass of contaminants per 100 cm3 of wetted volume or per 1 000 cm2 of wetted surface area or per
component.
b) Expression of the particle Size Distribution analysis:

⎯ type and reference of the method of counting (automatic count, optical microscopy or with image
analyser);
⎯ volume of test liquid analysed;
⎯ characteristics of the membrane filter (MFPS, diameter, colour);
⎯ references of the equipment and date of calibration;
⎯ blank value;
⎯ total number of particles counted in each of the size classes chosen in the blank test and in the
component test;
⎯ number of particles per 100 cm3 or per 1 000 cm2 of component in each size class;
⎯ component cleanliness code.
9.3 An example of test report is given in Annex E.

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Annex A
(informative)
Recommendation of use of the Component Cleanliness Code (CCC)
A.1 Code per wetted surface area of component [CCC (A)]

The use of CCC per wetted surface area is recommended for solid parts without an included volume of
service liquid (i.e. they are immersed in the liquid). It can be used by test laboratories and/or by manufacturers
of non-hollow components or of hollow components when the functional volume of the system, the sub-
assembly or the component in which the test part/component is included is not specified.
It is recommended for manufacturers of hollow components to specify their requirements to their part suppliers.
The code per unit surface area is recommended for evaluating or specifying requirements for a washing
process.
A.2 Code per wetted volume of component [CCC (V)]

The use of CCC per wetted volume of component is recommended:
⎯ to specify a requirement and express a result on all hollow parts and components (i.e. having an included
volume);
⎯ to characterize an assembled system in which a liquid will circulate which has a cleanliness level
expressed by ISO 4406;
⎯ to system and assembly designers to specify their requirements to their sub-assembly and component
suppliers;
⎯ to specify, in the same way, the cleanliness level of components, sub-assembly of which they will be part
of, liquid systems on which they will be installed, liquid which will fill the system, and the final system.

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Annex B
(informative)
Determination of the wetted volume of a component
B.1 Introduction
To express the particulate contamination of a component as either a mass or a number of particles per
100 cm3 of wetted volume, this volume can either be measured or calculated if the component is hollow, or
the method of approximation of an equivalent wetted volume can be used if the component is solid (a pinion in
a gear train, for example), using the concept of the equivalent sphere, or else the ratio of volume to area of the
component or system can be applied.
B.2 Experimental method

The wetted volume or capacity (VC) of a “hollow” component can be measured experimentally by following the
steps below:
a) make sure that the inside of the test component is dry;
b) plug all openings except the one or more required for complete filling;
c) prepare a volume of test liquid (V1), known to within 1 %, of about 1,3 times the presumed wetted volume
of the component;
NOTE 1 The test liquid should be compatible with the materials of the component and its kinematic viscosity should
preferably be less than 5 mm2/s at the test temperature.
NOTE 2 It has been found practical to weigh this volume in its container, after establishing the tare weight of the latter,
and then to divide its mass by its specific gravity.
d) carefullly fill the component with test liquid making sure not to trap any air; to do this, move it gently in
suitable directions so that every part of it is filled with liquid;
NOTE 3 Adjustment of the filling volume can be facilitated by using a syringe that can be emptied completely.
e) determine the volume (V2) remaining in the container of the liquid in c);
f) determine the volume (VC) that was needed to fill the component:
VC = V1 − V2
B.3 Method by calculation
B.3.1 Direct calculation
If the Computer Aided Design software possesses the function, calculate the wetted volume of the component.

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
B.3.2 Indirect calculation
B.3.2.1 Equivalent sphere concept
a) Hollow component
If the wetted volume of the component is not known and cannot be calculated directly, and if its wetted surface
(AC) is known, the size of the void volume can be approximated by considering that its surface area is that of a
sphere and then by calculating the volume of the equivalent sphere (VS), applying the relation:
3
AC 2
VS =
6 π
NOTE Since a sphere always represents the maximum closed volume of a given surface, the actual volume of the
component will nearly always be less than this. For the purposes of calculation, the calculated volume (VC) is assumed to
be 80 % of the spherical volume calculated on the basis of its surface area:
3 2
AC 2
VC = 0,8 × VS = 0,13 0,073 3 AC 3
π
b) Full component
If the component has no real wetted volume (O-ring seal, gear train pinion, piston rod, etc.), its equivalent
spherical volume (VS) can be approximated in the same way by considering the volume of a sphere of equal
wetted surface. The formula in B.3.2.1.a) is then applied to the external surface (AC) of the component in
contact with the fluid.
B.3.2.2 Ratios of wetted volume to wetted surface area
If the wetted surface area AC and the ratio VC/AC of the component are known, calculate its volume VC by the
formula:
VC
VC = AC × '
AC
If the wetted surface area AC of the component and the ratio VS/AS of the fluid system are known, calculate its
volume VC by the formula:
VS
VC = AC ×
AS
B.3.3 Wetted volume (VC)
To illustrate how to calculate or measure the wetted volume, a gear pump is used as an example.
The wetted volume of an external gear pump is the sum of the volumes between the teeth and of the volume
contained between the body and the two pinions. It is also the volume of the body less the volume of the two
pinions (see Figure B.2). It is determined experimentally by measurement of the filling volume of the complete
pump (see B.2).

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
B.3.4 Wetted surface area (AC)
The wetted surface of an external gear pump is the sum of the internal surface areas of the body of the pump
(2 plates + 1 plate with 2 ports) and the external surface area of the two pinions (see Figure B.3).
B.3.5 Illustration
Body/housing
Pinion/gear
VC = VP – 2VPi AC = 2APL + AB + 2APi
Figure B.1 — Gear pump Figure B.2 — Wetted Figure B.3 — Wetted surface area AC
volume VC
Key
APL plate wetted surface area
AB body internal surface area
APi pinion external surface area
VP = pump body volume
VPi = pinion gear volume

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Annex C
(informative)
Examples of Component Cleanliness Codes
C.1 Reporting results
C.1.1 The numbers (N) of particles counted in a standardised volume of 100 cm3 for a component are
reported in column 3 of Table C.1.
C.1.2 By comparing these numbers (column 3) to cleanliness level limits of Table 2, it is possible to fill in
column (4) giving the cleanliness level in each size class.
Table C.1 — Example of particle count result
(1) (2) (3) (4)

Size class Size range Differential count Corresponding
(µm) (N/100cm3) cleanliness level
B 5 u x < 15 755 840 20

C 15 u x < 25 43 720 16
D 25 u x < 50 220 135 18
E 50 u x < 100 3 880 12
F 100 u x < 150 2 510 12
G 150 u x < 200 3 625 12
H 200 u x < 400 180 8
I 400 u x < 600 0,5 0
J 600 u x < 1 000 0,8 0

K 1 000 u x 0 00
C.1.3 The full CCC can then be expressed as follows:
Either CCC = V (B20/C16/D18/E12/F12/G12/H8/I0/J0/K00),
Or CCC = V(B20/C16/D18/EFG12/H8/IJ0/K00).
C.1.4 If the CCC only refers to sizes greater than 50, 100 and 400 µm:
From column (3), counts greater than 50 µm are 3 880+2 510+3 625+180+0,5+0,8 = 10 196,3, which
corresponds to level 14; counts greater than 100 µm are 2 510+3 625+180+0,5+0,8 = 6 316,3, which
corresponds to level 13 and counts greater than 400 µm are 0,5+0,8 = 1,3, which corresponds to level 1.
CCC is written as follows:
CCC = V (E-K14/F-K13/I-K1).

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
C.2 Specifying requirements and interpreting results

C.2.1 ISO 4406 is sometimes erroneously used to report component cleanliness level as, for example:
ISO 4406 -/22/16. This would be written as CCC = V (B-K22/C-K16).
C.2.2 Component in class 9 per NAS 16381) writes: CCC = V (B17/C15/D13/E10/F-K8).
C.2.3 For a component not having any particles greater than 150 µm, the CCC is written as:
CCC = V (G-K00) or CCC = A (G-K00)
C.2.4 Component at a level of CCC = V (B22/E-H12/I-K00) means that it shall not contain in 100 cm 3 of
wetted volume more than 4×106 particles between 5 (included) and 15 µm (excluded), nor more than 4 000
particles between 50 and 400 µm and no particle greater than 400 µm.
1) NAS 1638 has been withdrawn and superseded by SAE AS 4059.

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Annex D
(informative)
Alternative transitional expression of cleanliness
The alternative transitional expression of cleanliness used the size class according to Table 1 in 6.2 omitting
the letter codification and number of particles and specifying the reference unit.
For the following example, the counting results are expressed in Table D.1.
Table D.1 — Example of counting results
ISO code (size B C D E

classes due to
ISO 16232
Size range 5 u x < 15 15 u x < 25 25 u x < 50 50 u x < 100
according to
16232
Number of 100 000 50 000 15 000 8
particles
16232 ISO 17 16 14 4
code
The expression of cleanliness according to this part of ISO 16232 is:
CCC = V (B17/C16/D14/E4)
The following coding may be used to specify cleanliness level for a limited period:
Cleanliness per volume (for instance)
Table D.2 — Example of transitional expression of result
B C D E
5 u x < 15 15 u x < 25 25 u x < 50 50 u x < 100
100 000 50 000 15 000 8

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Annex E
(informative)
Example of test report - Cleanliness inspection report according to

ISO 16232
E.1 Laboratory identification

Company: Tel: Fax: Email:
Address:
E.2 Customer identification

Company: Contact:
Address: Order:
E.3 Analysis and report identification

Report Number: Analysis date:
Operator:
E.4 Analysed component identification

Reference: Wetted surface AC = cm2
Supplier: Wetted volume VC = cm3
Sampling: Origin: Date: Part Number: Item:

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
E.5 Extraction conditions
Extraction Procedure ref.: Number of parts analysed:
Type Method a Agitation Pressure rinsing Ultrasonic Functional test

acc.to:……… acc. to: …………….. acc. to: …………….. acc. to:…………….
Analysis environment: Industrial Laboratory Controlled (class ISO 14644 -1: )
a Give the number or reference of the extraction method used.
E.6 Analysis report
E.6.1 Mass of contaminant
Procedure: ISO 16232-6 Other, specify:
Analysed volume: VA = …………. mL
Membrane filter: Material: ……..….. Diameter.......… mm MFPS a: ………. µm
Blank gravimetric level: ……… mg
Membrane mass: Before filtration:…. mg After filtration: …. mg Retained mass of contaminant: mC =… mg
Mass of contaminant in mCp = … mg/component or mA =……… mg/1 000 cm2 or mV =………… mg/100 cm3
the component:
a Mean flow pore diameter.

E.6.2 Number and size of contaminants
Analysed volume: VA =
Analysis procedure
Optical microscope: Binocular: SEM + EDX APC a: Other, specify:

acc. to ………………… acc. to ……… acc. to …………… acc. to ……
Membrane filter: Material: ………. MFPS b : µm Diam ………. mm

…………...
Colour : ……………….
a Automatic particle counter.

b Mean flow pore diameter.

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
E.6.3 Particle count data and Component cleanliness code (CCC)
Size class B C D E F G H I J K
Size range (µm) 5 u x < 15 15 u x < 25 25 u x < 50 50 u x < 100 100 u x 150 u x 200 u x < 400 u x 600 u x < 1 000 u
< 150 < 200 400 < 600 1 000 x
Blank count
Particle counts
Standardised
counts a
Number per:
1000 cm2
100 cm3
component
Cleanliness Level
V A C a
COMPONENT CLEANLINESS CODE: CCC = …….. b ( / / /…/ )
a Tick the appropriate box

b Specify: V if per 100 cm3 ; A if per 1000 cm2 or C if per component.
E.6.4 Largest particle
X =……µm Nature: ……
E.7 Remarks/comments

ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Bibliography
[1] ISO 4406:1999, Hydraulic fluid power — Fluids — Method for coding the level of contamination by
solid particles
[2] ISO 14644-1:1999, Cleanrooms and associated controlled environments — Part 1: Classification of air
cleanliness
[3] NAS 1638, Cleanliness requirements of parts used in hydraulic systems
[4] SAE AS 4059, Aerospace fluid power — Cleanliness classification for hydraulic fluids

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ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
ICS 13.040.50; 43.180

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INTERNATIONAL ISO

Road vehicles — Cleanliness of

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

ii © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Annex B (informative) Determination of the wetted volume of a component ............................................ 10

© ISO 2007 – All rights reserved iii

— Part 2: Method of extraction of contaminants by agitation

— Part 3: Method of extraction of contaminants by pressure rinsing

— Part 4: Method of extraction of contaminants by ultrasonic techniques

— Part 5: Method of extraction of contaminants on functional test bench

— Part 6: Particle mass determination by gravimetric analysis

— Part 7: Particle sizing and counting by microscopic analysis

— Part 8: Particle nature determination by microscopic analysis

— Part 10: Expression of results

iv © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

© ISO 2007 – All rights reserved v

Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits —

© ISO 2007 – All rights reserved 1

3 Terms and definitions

⎯ to a reference surface of 1 000 cm2 of wetted surface of a component;

⎯ to a reference volume of 100 cm3 of wetted volume of a component.

5 Expression of results of gravimetric analysis

5.1 Necessary data

3) total mass (mg) of contaminants collected by extraction.

5.2 Expression of results

5.2.1 Mass per component (mCp)

2 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

mCp = m mg for n components

5.2.2 Mass per unit surface area of component (mA)

5.2.3 Mass per unit volume of component (mV)

6 Expression of results of particle size distribution analysis - Component

6.1 Necessary data

6.2 Size classes

Each size range is labelled by a letter which defines a size class.

© ISO 2007 – All rights reserved 3

E 50 u x < 100 Up to and

NOTE In the test report, it is advisable that the raw

4 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

6.3 Contamination level

6.4 Component Cleanliness Code (CCC)

Other examples are given in Annex C.

6.4.6 Alternative transitional expression of cleanliness

© ISO 2007 – All rights reserved 5

7 Expression of results by the number of particles per component

7.1 Size classes

The size classes are specified in Table 3.

Table 3 — Size classes for particle counting

Size class Size x (µm)

7.2 Contamination level

The contamination level is expressed by the number of particles per component.

7.3 Component Cleanliness Code

The letter N (for number) is written before the first parenthesis.

6 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Particle number is less than

Particles 150 µm or larger

7.3.3 Other cases are reported as specified in 6.4.

9.2 The report details shall be:

⎯ Identification of the laboratory

⎯ Identification of the laboratory’s customer/client