Tutorial 1 2022 2023

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COMPLEX ANALYSIS (2022-2023) Question 4.

Tutorial 1 Complex numbers nth Roots. Let n ≥ 1.


Question 1.
(A) Express in polar form the nth roots of unity, that
Prove that for any z, w ∈ C is those numbers z such that z n = 1.
(A) z = z;
(B) Show that if z is such a number and z 6= 1, then
(B) z + w = z + w;
1 + z + z 2 + · · · z n−1 = 0.
(C) zw = z w;

(D) z.z = |z|2 ; |z| = |z|; (C) Verify that if z = x + iy, with y 6= 0, then its
square roots are
(E) z + z = 2Re(z); z − z = 2Im(z);
 1  1 
(F) x + |z| 2 y −x + |z| 2
± +i .
z is real if and only if z = z; 2 |y| 2

z is imaginary if and only if z = −z.


Question 5.
Question 2. Let a ∈ C. Show that
Show that if z = x + iy, then z−a 1
= 1, |z| = 1 such that z 6= .
1 1 − az a
√ (|x| + |y|) ≤ |z| ≤ (|x| + |y|)
2
Question 6.
and
√ Show that for z, a ∈ C
max{|x|, |y|} ≤ |z| ≤ 2 max{|x|, |y|}.
|z + a|2 + |z − a|2 = 2(|z|2 + |a|2 ).

Question 3. Does this identity remind you of an identity in


Recall that each complex number z = x = iy can be normed spaces? What is the name of that identity?
written in polar form reθ , where
p Question 7.
r = x2 + y 2 ; Prove using theorems for exp, sin, cos given in class
(video-2), the following identity, which is called Eu-
ler’s identity or de Moivre’s theorem:
 x
arctan( y ) + 2kπ if x 6= 0
(cos θ + i sin θ)n = exp(inθ) = cos(nθ) + i sin(nθ).


 π
2 + 2kπ if x = 0, y > 0
θ=
 − π2 + 2kπ
 if x = 0, y < 0

2kπ ifx = y = 0, Question 8.
Show that for z, a ∈ C
where k is any integer. We often write θ = arg(z),
and choose the value of θ lying in (−π, π]. This choice
|z + a|2 + |z − a|2 = 2(|z|2 + |a|2 ).
of θ is sometimes called the principal value of the
argument. (Sometimes this name is given instead to Does this identity remind you of an identity in
the value of θ in [0, 2π)) Express in polar form normed spaces? What is the name of that identity?

(A) 2 + 1 − i; 1 + cos α + i sin α, where α ∈ R; Question 9.
cos(2α) + i sin(2α) Given z, w ∈ C. Prove the following
(B) , where α ∈ R;
cos α + i sin α
(A) |Re(z)| ≤ |z| and |Im(z)| ≤ |z|.
(C) eit + eiu , where u, i ∈ R;
z |z|
1+i tan α
(D) 1−i , where α ∈ R is such that tan α is finite. (B) |z.w| = |z||w| and = if w 6= 0.
tan α w |w|
(1+i)9
(E) (1−i)7
.
(C) |z ± w| ≤ |z| + |w| and |z| − |w| ≤ |z ± w|.

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