A TECHNICAL REPORT

ON
 VENTURED AT BST PARTNERSHIP IBADAN

BY

AJAGBE JUDITH OLUWAYIMIKA

2019/8427

DEPARTMENT OF QUANTITTY SURVEYING,

COLLEGE OF ENIRONMENTAL SCIENCE,

BELLS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY,

OTA, OGUN STATE.

APRIL 3rd – SEPTEMBER 15th

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE

AWARD OF BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH) DEGREE IN

Quantity Surveying.

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that the STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES) was carried out by AJAGBE JUDITH OLUWAYIMIKA, MATRIC NO.

2019/8427 Department of Quantity Surveying, College of Environmental sciences

(COLENVS), Bells University of Technology, Ota, Ogun State in the partial fulfilment of

the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) Degree in Quantity

Surveying.

……………………………… ………. …………………………..

SIWES CO-ORDINATOR HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

(HOD)

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 DECLARATION

I AJAGBE JUDITH OLUWAYIMIKA, matric no. 2019/8427, department of Quantity

surveying, college of Environmental Science, Bells university of Technology, Ota, Ogun

State. Hereby declare that this report was solely written by me, excluding parts which

will be stated in the references.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All glory and praise to Almighty God for his favor and grace upon my life especially in

the area of my academics. He kept me safe and has given me the enablement to achieve

yet another milestone in my academic career.

I am grateful to my Parents and entire family for their constant financial and moral

support during the course of this program and for ensuring my training was worth the

while.

My gratitude also goes to BST Partnership for their constructive corrections, useful

advices, guidance, and training during the SIWES program. I also sincerely appreciate

the SIWES coordinator.

The Head of Department of Quantity surveying, My Institution-Based supervisor,

Lecturers for the opportunity granted to me to expand my horizon and acquire the

industrial skill associated with Quantity Surveying.

Finally, I sincerely appreciate the effort of every other person who have one way or the

other contributed to the success of my industrial training.

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 DEDICATION

I dedicate this to God who protected me throughout the SIWES, and my parents for the

immense support the gave me throughout the course of the program.

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 ABSTRACT

The chapter one (1) of this report entails what SIWES is all about how it came to be.

Chapter two (2) encompass the company the SIWES was undertaken. Chapter three talks

about the experience and skills gather during the duration of SIWES. Chapter four

summarizes all that is written in this report and conclusion. Then finally the appendix.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

Certification…………………………………………………………page 2.

Declaration…………………………………………………………. page3.

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………. Page 4.

Dedication…………………………………………………………. page 5.

Abstract……………………………………………………………. page 6.

Chapter 1 (Introduction to SIWES) …...……………………………page 9.

1.1introduction of the SIWES program.

1.2Background of SIWES.

1.3History of SIWES.

1.4Objectives of SIWES.

1.5Aim and objectives of the report.

Chapter 2 (Overview of the organization) …………………………. page14

2.1. Organization profile.

2.2 Services rendered by the organization.

2.3 Supervision and project management.

2.4 Organizational structure.

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Chapter 3 (work done and experience gained) …………………. page19

3.1 Work done.

3.2 Skills acquired.

Chapter 4………………………………………………………. page28

4.1 Recommendation.

4.2 Summary.

4.3 conclusion

Appendix…………………………………………………………page31.

1.1References.

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 CHAPTER 1.

INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL

WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

1.1INTRODUCTION TO SIWES

Training is an important factor in enhancing the efficiency and expertise of the work

force. The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a program aimed

at complimenting theoretical knowledge gained from the university with practical

experience from the industry.

Moreover, in addition to complimenting theoretical knowledge gained from the

university, it also serves as an eye opener to students on what is obtainable in their

respective disciplines and helps students make better informed decisions on a career path.

Due to the undeniable facts that SIWES is essential to producing a well-rounded and

erudite graduate, the program forms a minimum academic requirement for ALL

NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES and is coordinated by the National Universities

Commission (NUC) and the Industrial Training Fund (ITF).

1.2Background of SIWES

SIWES was established by Industrial Training Fund (ITF) in 1973 to fix the problem of

lack of basic practical skills preparatory for employment in industries by Nigerian

graduates. The Scheme exposes students to industry-based skills necessary for a smooth

transition from the classroom to the field of work. It affords students of tertiary

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institutions the opportunity of being familiarized and exposed to the basic experience in

handling machinery and equipment which are usually not available in the educational

institutions.

Before the establishment of the scheme, there was a growing concern among our

Industrialists that graduates of Institutions of Higher learning lacked basic and adequate

practical background studies introductory for employment in Industries. Therefore, the

employers were of the idea that the theoretical education going on in higher institutions

was of responsive enough for employer labor.

It is against this background that the rationale for initiating and designing the scheme by

the Fund during its formative years – 1973/74 was introduced to familiarize students with

the skills of handling employers’ equipment and machinery.

Thus, participation in SIWES has become a necessary pre-condition for the award of

Diploma and Degree certificates in specific disciplines in most institutions of higher

learning in the nation, in accordance with the education policy of government.

1.3 History of SIWES

It started in 1974 with 748 students from 11 institutions by 1978, the scope of

participation in the scheme increased to about 5,000 students from 32 institutions. The

Industrial Training Fund, however, withdrew from the management of the scheme in

1979 owing to problems of organizational logistics and the increased financial burden

associated with the rapid expansion of SIWES (ITF, 2003). Consequently, the Federal

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Government funded the scheme through the National Universities commission (NUC)

and the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) who managed SIWES for five

years (1979-1984). The supervising agencies (NUC and NBTE) operated the scheme in

conjunction with their respective institutions during this period.

The scheme was subsequently reviewed by the Federal Government resulting in

Degree No 16 of August, 195 which required that “all students enrolled in specialized

engineering, technical, business, applied sciences and applied arts should have supervised

industrial attachment as part of their studies”. In the same vein, the ITF was directed by

the Federal Government to take charge and resume responsibility for the management of

SIWES in collaboration with the supervising agencies, i.e., National Universities

Commission (NUC), the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) and the

National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE).

Following the resumption of management of SIWES by the ITF in 1984, the

scheme has witnessed rapid expansion. Between 1985 and 1995, the numbers of

institutions and students participating in SIWES rose to 141 and 57,433 respectively.

Between 1995 and 2003, a total of 176 institutions and 535,210 students participated in

the scheme. In 2008 alone, the number of students from these institutions which

participated in SIWES rose to 204 while the number of students from these institutions

who participated in the scheme was 210,390.

The scheme was designed to expose students to the industrial environment and

enable them develop occupational competencies so that they can readily contribute their

quota to national economic and technological development after graduation.

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1.4Objectives of SIWES; The objectives of Students industrial work experience scheme

are as follows:

 Introduce students to real work atmosphere so that they know what they would

most likely meet once they graduate.

 To help students get important contacts.

 Provides an avenue for students in the higher institutions of learning to acquire

industrial skills and experience during their courses of study.

 Exposes student to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and

machinery that may not be available in their institutions;

 Provides students with the opportunity to apply their educational knowledge in

real work situations, thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice;

 Enlists and strengthens employers’ involvement in the entire educational

 Makes the transition from school to the world of work easier.

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 1.5 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT

The aim of this report is to give overview of the duties performed and acquired

knowledge and experiences during the six (6) months practical working scheme under the

supervision and custody of BST partnership.

The objectives of this report are: -

i. To identify the areas of operation during SIWES period.

ii. To identify the scope of practice in which the firm engages in and areas assigned to

student.

iii. To describe the general experience gained from the firm.

iv. Finally proffering workable recommendation on the ways of improving the

programme and the profession.

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 Chapter 2

2.1 ORGANISATION’S PROFILE

NAME OF ESTABLISHMENT: BST PARTNERSHIP.

ADDRESS: EBUN IKSHLA HOUSE, NO.53, GBADEBO STREET, MOKOLA,

IBADAN.

E-mail: bstpartnership@yahoo.co.uk

BST Partnership is a multi-disciplinary consultancy firm (Quantity Surveying and

Project Management Services). Supervision, Management and Coordination of on-site

construction activities are also covered under our scope of services.

The Firm started its operation for over fifteen (15) years and has offered a broad range of

inter-related services to private and public organizations government, public corporations,

industries.

The firm’s activities are fully computerized utilizing various computer software for

costing, planning, analysis and project management on all projects handled.

2.2 SERVICES RENDERED BY THE ORGANIZATION

2.2.1 PROJECT PLANNING: It is the specific process a construction manager uses to

lay out how they will manage and execute a construction project, from building design to

completion. Strategic planning of projects that affects decision whether to build or not

and the determination of effect of time on costs or prices and on profitability;

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Establishing the needed relationship between capital costs and maintenance cost and

implications of design variables and differing constructional techniques; procurement of

finance for development and cash plan.

2.2.2 PROJECT PRE-CONTRACT: Preparing and developing preliminary cost plans,

Monitoring cost implications during the detailed design stage, Preparation of budget

using cost planning techniques, Advising on the contractual documentation to clients;

Preparation of tendering documents which includes Instruction to Tenders, Tenders

proposal forms, Conditions of Contacts, Specifications and Bills of Quantities; Full

analysis of Tenders and price negotiation; and Preparation of final Budget and projected

cash flow Estimates.

2.2.3 PROJECT POST CONTRACT: Budgetary control through cost indicators

contained in the financial statement being prepared regularly; Cost control, Measurement

and evaluation of variations; Measurement and valuation of construction works

completed for interim payment certificates; Preparation of fluctuations and other

contractual claims, preparation of final account on completion of construction

Documentation of cost analyses for planning future projects and dispute resolution.

2.2.4 PROJECT MANAGEMENT: Interpretation of Client’s requirements in terms of

the building or other construction works required, finance and time; Co-ordination of the

Consultants for improved communication, overall planning, control and co-ordination of

the project from inception to completion on behalf of the Client.

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2.3 SUPERVISION AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT

The company offers advice on all works in connection with Civil, Engineering, Building

and Construction works. We offer complete services from initial planning to tender stage

and post contract stage.

2.4 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

PRINCIPAL
PARTNER

ASSOCIATE
PARTNER

SENIOR
ADMIN
QUANTITY
MANAGERS
SURVEYOR

ASSISTANT SITE
OFFICE
QUANTITY QUANTITY SECRETARY
ASSISTANT
SURVEYOR SURVEYOR

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 CHAPTER 3

The company BST Partnership gave me the chance to learn quantity surveying practice in

the real world profession view. I was encouraged by all the staff. I had the chance to learn

from my supervisor, various staff and my colleagues. This helped me to broaden my

horizon, scope, and view of things. They all helped me to get acquainted with the firm

workings, doings and system so I could start to participate in the firm activity as early as

possible.

During the course of the SIWES program I participated in the following activities:

 Clerical works like, photocopy, punching, binding, printing and scanning.

 Measurement of various elements and components of the building works.

 Contract administration.

 Estimation.

 Arithmetic check.

 Contract documentation.

 Technical site meeting.

 Site meeting.

The skills acquired during the course of the SIWES program.

 The use of Plan Swift.

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  More use of AutoCAD

 Microsoft word.

 Microsoft excel.

The knowledge acquired on the construction process.

 Types of foundation.

 Types of beams and classifications.

 Swimming pool.

 Types of wooden joints.

 Finishes (wall).

 Concrete.

 Floor finishes.

 Reinforcement.

 Roof.

 Road.

 Steel joints.

 Staircase.

Knowledge gained on administration.

 Contingency.

 Termination of contract.

 Conditions of contract

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  Final account.

 Notional account.

3.1Work done;

3.1.1 Measurement

I participated in the measurement of various elements and components of building works

which include the following;

 Site clearance.

 Excavation.

 Disposal.

 Filling.

 Blinding.

 Isolated foundation (Pad foundation).

 Isolated columns.

 Surface treatment.

 Hard-core and laterite filling.

 Damp proof and fabric mesh.

 Formwork.

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  Reinforcement (link and stirrups).

 Blockwork.

 Beam.

 Window and door schedule.

 Finishes (floor).

 Roof trusses.

 External works.

I learnt how to take off for various works in a faster and more efficient manner. I

participated in the taking off of several drawings and I was exposed to complex drawings

which has helped to increase my speed in terms of measurement. This are some of the

drawings I participated in taking off for;

 Proposed residential development of a two (2) storey building located at

no.18 Bashroun Ibadan, Oyo state.

 Proposed Extension for Institute of Advanced Medical Research and

Training Building (IMRAT) located at University College Hospital Ibadan,

Oyo state.

 Proposed Residential Building located at Olodo, Ibadan, oyo state

 Proposed Residential Development located at Ajah Lagos, state.

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  Proposed Female Hostel Development at Bowen University, Iwo, Osun

state.

 Proposed College of Engineering at Bowen University Iwo, Osun state.

 Proposed Incinerator Building Development for Oritamefa Baptist Model

School, Ibadan, Oyo state.

3.1.2 Clerical works

I learnt how to use a printing/ photocopy machine and a paper puncher so I could assist it

minimal works found the office. I can now print, scan, photocopy, punch and bind

various kinds and type of documents.

3.1.4 Estimation

This can be defined as the art knowledge in which materials quantity and entire cost are

determined. They are different types of estimates;

 Preliminary estimate

 Quantity estimate

 Bid estimate

 Detailed estimate

I participated in preliminary estimate in the firm. It was a longer and extensive procedure.

3.1.5 Arithmetic check

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This is the verification of all mathematical operation or various series of operation

throughout a process by another process. I participated in performing arithmetic check

with a colleague. We perform arithmetic check to avoid;

 Discrepancies

 Omission

 Double-counting

 Inaccurate summation of quantities

3.1.6 Contract documentation

This means all document which form part of evidence the contract, including condition,

quotation, offers, acknowledgement, acceptances and specifications. I participated and

was also in attendance to the preparation of the following contract documentation.

3.1.7 Technical Site Meeting

It is a meeting of project professionals to discuss detailed planning and technical issues.

The meeting allows you identify specific issues and concerns. It helps ensure the quality

standards such as asses workmanship during construction, increase communication in

construction team and developing a project quality control plan. They are held at regular

basis during the project and it allow involves the technical team excluding the client. It

also during that time the team members may agree to change certain aspect of

construction to make more easy to build and economical. I attended few of this meetings

and it was enlightening on how they table their concerns.

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3.1.7 Site Meeting

Site meeting differ from technical meeting in that it involves all project technical team

and client or client representative and non-professionals members of the project team.

Here the client raises issues about the progress of the project. Members of site meeting

are as follows;

 Project manager

 Client or client representatives.

 Project architect.

 Structural engineer

 Site agent.

 Services engineer (mechanical and electrical)

 Contractor representative

 Sub-contractor.

 Material suppliers.

3.2 Skills acquired

3.2.1 Planswift software;

Planswift is the fastest and easiest takeoff software available. It improves accuracy and

saves time. PlanSwift is used in BST Partnership for taking off and estimating building

quantities. With PlanSwift you can visual point-and-click interface, you can drag and

drop individual parts or assemblies directly onto a digitized blueprint to gather quantity

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Taking off and begin the estimating process. It calculates the taking off automatically

saving users time and effort. I was trained how to use planSwift to measure linear, areas,

unit counts with just a click.

3.2.2 AutoCAD;

AutoCAD is a computer aided design software use to create 2d or 3d drawings more

quickly and easily than you could by hand. AutoCAD is used in BST Partnership being a

quantity surveying firm in taking-off of quantities but not for drawings operation. During

my SIWES training, I was exposed on how to use AutoCAD in viewing drawings, taking

off for some elements in a building such as external works, and trench excavation. That is

the distance and areas. I also used this software in rescaling drawing sent to us by

Architects before printing for measurement.

3.2.4 Microsoft Word:

This is a software used to type and format text, add pictures, adjust layout and more

advance editing and customization. During my SIWES, I had the opportunity to

understand that Microsoft word allows us to make different formats in accordance with

the need and importance. For example, I used this software to type a letter of

discontinuation of contract.

3.2.5 Microsoft excel:

This is a spreadsheet software program, powerful data visualization and analysis tool. It

is used to format, organize and calculate. Which makes information easier to view as data

is added or changed. This software is used in BST Partnership to create and edit bills of

quantities.

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3.3 KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED ON THE CONSTRUCTION

PROCESS.

3.3.1 TYPES OF FOUNDATION:

 Shallow Foundation; pad foundation, strip foundation, raft foundation, combined

footing.

 Deep foundation; Pile foundation, drilled shaft.

The difference between pile foundation and drilled shafts; Drilled shaft has an action

similar to pile foundations, but are high capacity in-situ foundation. It can transfer loads

larger than pile foundations. It is used where depth of hard strata below ground is located

10m to 100m (25 feet to 300 feet).

3.3.2 TYPES OF BEAMS AND CLASSIFICATION:

At BST Partnership I learnt that they are various types of beams and classification.

Types of beams

 Simply supported beams.

 Fixed beams.

 Cantilever beam.

 Continuous beam.

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  Reinforced concrete beam.

 Steel beam.

 Timber beam.

 Composite beam.

 Rectangular beam.

 T-section beam.

 L- section beam.

 Straight beam.

 Curved beam.

3.3.3 SWIMMING POOL.

At BST Partnership I learnt the different types of swimming pool and the taking off

procedure of a swimming pool.

Types of swimming pool

 Above ground swimming pool.

 In ground swimming pool.

 Lap pool.

 Indoor pool.

 Infinity pool.

Taking off list for swimming pool

 Site clearance.

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  Excavation.

 Working space.

 Disposal.

 Surface treatment.

 Blinding to space

 Pool deck.

 Base slab.

 Wall.

 Base slab reinforcement.

 Wall reinforcement.

 BRC to pool deck

 Formwork to edges of bases.

 Formwork to edges of pool deck.

 Formwork to wall.

 Damp proof membrane.

 Water bar.

 Mosaic tiles to pool wall.

 Clay tiles to pool deck.

3.3.4 JOINT (WOOD).

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At BST Partnership I learnt different types of joint. Joint exhibit different characteristics

such as strength, flexibility, toughness, and appearance. They are different joinery

methods used to meet different needs.

Types of Joints

 Butt joint.

 Lap joint.

 Half lap joint.

 Bridle joint.

 Dowel joint.

 Cross-dowel joint.

 Pocket joint.

 Biscuit joint.

 Groove joint.

 Tongue and groove joint.

 Box joint.

 Dovetail joint.

 Half-blind dovetail joint.

 Dado joint.

 Scarf joint.

 Rabbet joint.

 Sliding dovetail joint.

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3.3.5 FINISHES (WALL).

At BST Partnership I improved on my knowledge of finishes. Finishing improve the

appearance of the building. There are different types of finishes and methods apply

during the construction process of residential, building commercial building or any

building project.

Types of wall finishes

 Plastering.

 Tilling.

 Skirting.

 Wallpaper.

 Painting.

 Dry lining.

 Brickwork.

 Cement screed.

 Marble powder finish.

 Designer mirror finish.

 Laminates.

 Cement plaster finish.

 Cement textured finish.

3.3.6 CONCRETE.

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This is an artificial stone-like mass, is the composite material, that is created mixing

blinding material (cement or lime) along with the aggregate (sand, gravel, stone, bricks,

chips etc.) water, admixtures in specific proportions. I learnt the classification of

concrete, that is

 Lime concrete

 Cement concrete

 Reinforced concrete

I also gained knowledge on concrete slump test. Concrete slump test is an on the spot test

to determine the consistency as well as workability of fresh concrete.

3.3.7 FLOOR FINISH.

Floor finish is basically the covering on the layer of the floor (oversite concrete, slab). I

was told it can affect the design as the atheistic of the home or building since it is the

underfoot and take up much real estate in any space. I was told the different type of floor

finish that can be used in a building. They include;

 Brick flooring

 Marble flooring.

 Cement concrete flooring.

 Granolithic.

 Mosaic/ terrazzo.

 Tile flooring.

 Timber flooring.

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  Asphalt flooring.

 Rubber finish.

 Linoleum finish.

 Glass finish.

3.3.8 ROOF.

It was explained to me the types of roofs, roof members and it’s covering. Roof can be

explained to be the highest component of a building that serves of the structural covering

to protect to protect the structure from the elements such as rain, snow, wind, sun etc. it

must be sufficiently strong and stable. Types of roof;

 Lean to roof.

 Gable roof.

 Heap roof.

 Gambrel.

 Deck roof.

 Curved roof.

 Dormer roof.

3.3.9 ROAD.

I learnt how to measure for road. Road is a wide way leading from one place to another,

especially prepared surface which vehicles can use. It is a linear way for the conveyance

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of traffic mostly has an improved surface for motorized and non-motorized and

pedestrian. built for transportation. Terms I learnt in road construction and how it it

applies to its measurement.

 Chainage; it is a term used to refer to a distance measured in meter along an

imaginary line.

 Ground level; existing level of the ground. It is given.

 Proposed level; height of the ground achieved after cut and fill.

 Mean width; average width = (road width+ mean width at the top/ width at the

bottom) answer dived by 2.

Layers of the road; sub-grade, sub-base, base, wearing course, binder course.

3.3.10 STEEL JOINTS.

It refers to the way pieces of metal are put together or aligned with each other. Each joint

design affect quality and cost. Examples of different types are;

 Butt joint.

 Tee joint.

 Corner joint.

 Lap joint.

 Edge joint.

3.3.11 STAIRCASE.

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A staircase or stairway is one or more flights of stair leading from one floor to another

and includes landing, newel, balustrades. It provides access to different floors and roof

the building. Terms /parts that makes up the staircase; thread, rider, nosing, banister, trim,

thread rise, baluster, finial, fillet, core rail, flight, landing and waist.

Types of stairs.

 Straight flight.

 Quarter turn stairs (l-shaped)

 Switch back stairs (u-shaped)

 Alternating thread stairs.

 Circular stair.

 Spiral stair.

 Dog-legged stair.

 Spilt stair.

3.4 KNOLEDGE GAINED ON ADMINISTRATION.

3.4.1 CONTIGENCY.

This can be defined as the specific amount of money, usually a percentage of the total

cost, that is set aside in the case of any unforeseen circumstances or extra cost that arise

during the construction process. Construction contingency act as a sort of insurance

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policy that helps stays on budget and finish work according to agree upon time

commitments. There are three types of construction contingency.

 Contractor; this is an amount included in the contractors estimated price of the

project. It goes beyond what is included in the schedule of values and set aside a

said unplanned cost or others.

 Owner; sometimes the owner may want to make modification to the schedule,

design or resources not included in the initial bid. It may be defined as the money

set aside to cover any changes that the owner may request along the way.

 Design; often times, design elements may change throughout the project because

of unavailable material, scope creep and required upgrade.

3.4.2 TERMINATION OF CONTRACT.

Contract termination is a legally ending a contract before one or more parties have met

their obligations. Only parties that have signed the contract can terminate the contract.

Termination of construction contract is one of the most powerful remedies an employer

has against a contractor, especially when the contractor is in default. There are two types

of termination clauses;

 Termination for convenience.

 Termination for default.

3.4.3 FINAL ACCOUNT.

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In construction project, final account is prepared to show the final cost of the project that

has been completed by a contractor. Preparation of the final account involves reporting

the final cost of construction works and its one of the services that must be any

adjustment to the contract prices. It is the conclusion on the contract sum.

3.4.4 NOTIONAL ACCOUNT.

In construction contract a notional account is a final account is a final account prepared

for the project facing insolvency or for project contracts that are to be determined except

by performance.

3.4.5 CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT.

There are several conditions of contract that thoroughly explained and treated they are;

 Contractors obligations.

 Architect instructions.

 Contract documents.

 Statutory obligations, notices, fees and charges.

 Levels and setting out of the works.

 Materials, good and workmanship to conform to description, testing and

inspection.

 Royalties and patent rights.

 Foreman-in-charge.

 Access for architects to the works.

 Clerks of works.

 Variation, provisional and prime cost sum.

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  Contract bills.

 Contract sum.

 Unfixed goods and materials.

 Practical completion and defect liability.

 Sectional completion.

 Assignment and sub-letting.

 Injury to persons and property and employer’s indemnity.

 Insurance against injury tom persons and property.

 Insurance of the works against fire.

 Damages for non-completion.

 Extension of time.

 Loss and expenses caused by disturbance of regular progress of works.

 Determination by employer.

 Determination by contractor.

 Nominated sub-contractor.

 Nominated suppliers.

 Artist and tradesmen.

 Certificates and payments.

 Rates of wages and hours and condition of labour.

 Fluctuations.

 Welfare.

 Antiquities.

 Arbitrations.

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  Performance bond.

 Mobilization payments.

3.4.6 CERTIFICATES ISSUED IN CONSTRUCTION.

There are two types of construction certificate that are issued by the contract

administrator to the contractor and client according to;

 Payments certificates:

 Interim certificates; these certificate are issued after periodic valuation is

done. Assessment of valuation are issued to the client detailing amount to be

paid to the contractor.

 Practical completion; it is used when the works is practically completed.

 Sectional completion; it is issued times before practical completion of the

work when a relevant part is completed.

 Final certificate; it is issued at the end of rectification period, releasing

retention.

 Certificate of non-completion; it is a prerequisite to claiming

 Progress certificates:

 Certificate of making good defects: issued to confirm all defect to be made

good by the contractor have been completed.

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  Extension of time: It certifies an extension of time given to a contractor to

complete works and states the revised date of completion along with reason

for extension of time and numbers of days given.

Rib slab (Hollow clay pot used in slab)

Rib slab reduce slab weight by reducing amount of concrete below neutral axis. It

reduces cost.

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 Formwork for staircase.

Measuring reinforcement for slab.

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Spot measurement (measuring reinforcement in isolated foundation)

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Foundation base for lift shaft.

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Pad and strip foundation.

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Picture taken with the office staff

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 CHAPTER 4

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4.1 RECOMMENDATION

During the six (6) months SIWES program I noticed these challenges that many students

face and would like to proffer solutions;

 Institution supervisors should strive to regularly check on their students as

this helps to stimulate lazy industrial supervisors to assume their

responsibilities.

 It is difficult to find IT placement, and would like if the school could assist in

finding one for students who can’t get one.

 If the ITF office can try as much as possible to pay students their allowances

during the SIWES program it will go a long way for a lot of students, in terms

transportation and feeding, especially students to travel to different states just to

secure a good placement like myself for example.

4.2 SUMMARY

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This summary is the full grasp of this report stating the key points of each chapter.

 SIWES started to help fill lack of basic skills and expertise that graduates needs to get

employment. To complement the knowledge gained.

 The company that I had my SIWES placement started since 1997 and their company

registration number to be 099. It is a quantity surveying firm that deals with project

management, project pre-contract, project post-contract and project planning.

 I gained knowledge and skills from the company. From the work done and the

software learned and this has helped me change perspective and know how to do

quantity surveying work more efficiently.

 The challenges I notice are clearly stated in the recommendation with their respective

solutions.

4.3 CONCLUSION

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In conclusion all the facets of quantity surveying as a profession that I was exposed to

during my six (6) month S.I.W.E.S have been fully discussed as well as the areas of my

full participation as an industrial training student. I was able to experience practical

interpretation of all I have been taught in school.

It was indeed an immense experience because it widened my horizon about quantity

surveying as a profession thereby making me to see the beauty and uniqueness of this

profession.

Furthermore, SIWES period has built me psychologically in terms of relating with

different types of people and mentally in order to face and deal with any challenge that

comes my way and this in turn has prepared me for the tasks ahead in the labour market.

APPENDIX

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1.1 REFERENCES

 Wikipedia.org

 Files.edu.ed.gov

 www.contract works.com

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