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    8.4 - 1 Strong and Weak Acids (H+) and PH Calculations

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    2018dgscmt
    1) The document discusses calculations involving pH and the concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+]) for both strong and weak acids. 2) Sample exercises show how to calculate pH from [H+] and [H+] from pH. 3) For weak acids, the acid dissociation constant (Ka) is used along with an equilibrium table to calculate [H+] and thus pH.

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    8.4 - 1 Strong and Weak Acids (H+) and PH Calculations

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    2018dgscmt
    58 views4 pages
    1) The document discusses calculations involving pH and the concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+]) for both strong and weak acids. 2) Sample exercises show how to calculate pH from [H+] and [H+] from pH. 3) For weak acids, the acid dissociation constant (Ka) is used along with an equilibrium table to calculate [H+] and thus pH.

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    8.4 - 1 Strong and Weak Acids [H+] and pH Calculations

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    1) The document discusses calculations involving pH and the concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+]) for both strong and weak acids. 2) Sample exercises show how to calculate pH from [H+] and [H+] from pH. 3) For weak acids, the acid dissociation constant (Ka) is used along with an equilibrium table to calculate [H+] and thus pH.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    58 views4 pages

    8.4 - 1 Strong and Weak Acids (H+) and PH Calculations

    Uploaded by

    2018dgscmt
    1) The document discusses calculations involving pH and the concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+]) for both strong and weak acids. 2) Sample exercises show how to calculate pH from [H+] and [H+] from pH. 3) For weak acids, the acid dissociation constant (Ka) is used along with an equilibrium table to calculate [H+] and thus pH.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 4

    2022/11/30 Andres V.

    8.4 – 1 STRONG AND WEAK ACIDS – CALCULATIONS OF [H+] AND pH


    Sample Exercise: Calculating pH from [H+]
    Calculate the pH values for the two solutions with
    (a) [H+] = 1.0 x 10-12 mol dm-3
    –6
    (b) [H+] =5.6 × 10 mol dm-3

    Practice Exercise

    In a sample of lemon juice [H+] is 3.8 × 10–4 mol dm-3. What is the pH?

    pH = -log(3.8 × 10-4)
    pH = 3.42
    Answers: 3.42
    Sample Exercise Calculating [H+] from pH
    +
    A sample of freshly pressed apple juice has a pH of 3.76. Calculate [H ].

    Solution

    x
    Note: Scientific calculators have an antilog function (sometimes labeled INV log or 10 ) that allows us to
    perform the calculation: consult the user’s manual for your calculator to find out how to perform the antilog
    operation.
    +
    The number of significant figures in [H ] is two because the number of decimal places in the pH is two.
    2022/11/30 Andres V.
    Practice Exercise

    +
    A solution formed by dissolving an antacid tablet has a pH of 9.18. Calculate [H ] .

    [H+] = 10-9.18
    [H+] = 6.6 × 10-10 mol dm-3
    Answer: 6.6× 10–10 mol dm-3

    Sample Exercise 16.8 Calculating the pH of a Strong Acid

    What is the pH of a 0.040 M solution of HClO4?

    Solution
    Analyze and Plan:
    Because HClO4 is a strong acid, it is completely ionized,

    + -
    giving [H ] = [ClO ] = [HClO4] = 0.040 mol dm-3
    Solve: The pH of the solution is given by pH = –
    log(0.040) = 1.40
    Because the concentration has two significant figures, the pH has two decimal places.
    Practice Exercise
    An aqueous solution of HNO3 has a pH of 2.34. What is the concentration of the acid?

    [H+] = 10-2.34
    [H+] = 4.6 × 10-3 mol dm-3
    Answer: 0.0046 mol dm-3
    2022/11/30 Andres V.

    Sample Exercise Using weak acid’s Ka to Calculate pH


    Calculate the pH of a 0.20 M solution of HCN. (Google the value of Ka)
    Solution
    Analyze: We are given the molarity of a weak acid and are asked for the pH.

    –10
    It was found that Ka for HCN is 4.9 × 10 .
    Plan: We proceed by writing the chemical equation and constructing a table of initial and equilibrium
    +
    concentrations in which the equilibrium concentration of H is our unknown.

    +
    Solve: Writing both the chemical equation for the ionization reaction that forms H (aq) and the equilibrium
    constant (Ka) expression for the reaction

    Next, we tabulate the concentration of the species involved in the equilibrium reaction,
    letting x = [H+] at
    equilibrium:

    Substituting the equilibrium concentrations from the table into the equilibrium-constant expression yields

    We next make the simplifying approximation that x, the amount of acid that dissociates, is very small
    compared with the initial concentration of acid; it is negligible. Thus, solving for x, we have

    A concentration of 9.9 × 10-6 M is much smaller than 5% of 0.20, the initial HCN concentration. Our
    simplifying approximation is therefore appropriate. We now calculate the pH of the solution:
    2022/11/30 Andres V.
    Practice Exercise

    -5
    The Ka for niacin is 1.5 × 10 . What is the pH of a 0.010 M solution of niacin?

    [H + ][anion]
    𝐾𝑎 = = 1.5 × 10−5
    [niacin]
    𝑥2
    𝐾𝑎 = = 1.5 × 10−5
    0.010 − 𝑥
    0.010 − 𝑥 ≈ 0.010
    𝑥2
    𝐾𝑎 = = 1.5 × 10−5
    0.010
    𝑥 2 = (0.010)(1.5 × 10−5 )
    𝑥 = √(0.010)(1.5 × 10−5 )
    𝑥 = 3.9 × 10−4
    [H + ] = 3.9 × 10−4 mol dm−3
    pH = −log(3.9 × 10−4 )
    pH = 3.4
    Answer: 3.41

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