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L5 Datatypes Variable

The document discusses Java variables and data types. It defines a variable as a container that stores values during program execution and notes that every variable has a data type. It then covers the main points of: 1) The three types of variables in Java - local, instance, and static variables. 2) The eight primitive data types in Java - byte, short, int, long, char, float, double, and boolean along with their default values and sizes. 3) The process of variable declaration, initialization, and how variables can be assigned values through conversion and type casting.

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Isha Nigam
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29 views

L5 Datatypes Variable

The document discusses Java variables and data types. It defines a variable as a container that stores values during program execution and notes that every variable has a data type. It then covers the main points of: 1) The three types of variables in Java - local, instance, and static variables. 2) The eight primitive data types in Java - byte, short, int, long, char, float, double, and boolean along with their default values and sizes. 3) The process of variable declaration, initialization, and how variables can be assigned values through conversion and type casting.

Uploaded by

Isha Nigam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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L5 : Java Variables and Data Types with EXAMPLE

What is a Variable in Java?


o Variable in Java is a data container that stores the data
values during Java program execution.
o Every variable is assigned data type which designates the
type and quantity of value it can hold.
o Variable is a memory location name of the data.
o The Java variables have mainly three types:
Local, Instance and Static.
In order to use a variable in a program you to need to perform
2 steps

1. Variable Declaration
2. Variable Initialization

Variable Declaration:
To declare a variable, you must specify the data type & give
the variable a unique name.

Examples of other Valid Declarations are

int a,b,c;

float pi;

double d;

Dr. Bharti Sharma


L5 : Java Variables and Data Types with EXAMPLE

char a;

Variable Initialization:
To initialize a variable, you must assign it a valid value.

Example of other Valid Initializations are

pi =3.14f;

do =20.22d;

a=’v’;
You can combine variable declaration and initialization.

Example :

int a=2, b=4,c=6;

float pi=3.14f;

double do=20.22d;

Dr. Bharti Sharma


L5 : Java Variables and Data Types with EXAMPLE

char a=’v’;

Types of variables
In Java, there are three types of variables:

1. Local Variables
2. Instance Variables
3. Static Variables

1) Local Variables
Local Variables are a variable that are declared inside the body
of a method.

2) Instance Variables
o Instance variables are defined without the STATIC
keyword.
o They are defined Outside a method declaration.
o They are Object specific and are known as instance
variables.

3) Static Variables
Static variables are initialized only once, at the start of the
program execution. These variables should be initialized first,
before the initialization of any instance variables.

Example: Types of Variables in Java


class Guru99 {
static int a = 1; //static variable
int data = 99; //instance variable
void method() {
int b = 90; //local variable
}
}

Dr. Bharti Sharma


L5 : Java Variables and Data Types with EXAMPLE

What is Data Types in Java?


Data Types in Java are defined as specifiers that allocate
different sizes and types of values that can be stored in the
variable or an identifier. Java has a rich set of data types. Data
types in Java can be divided into two parts :

1. Primitive Data Types :- which include integer,


character, boolean, and float
2. Non-primitive Data Types :- which include classes,
arrays and interfaces.

Primitive Data Types


Primitive Data Types are predefined and available within the
Java language. Primitive values do not share state with other
primitive values.

There are 8 primitive types: byte, short, int, long, char, float,
double, and boolean

Dr. Bharti Sharma


L5 : Java Variables and Data Types with EXAMPLE

Integer data types

byte (1 byte)
short (2 bytes)
int (4 bytes)
long (8 bytes)

Floating Data Type

float (4 bytes)

double (8 bytes)
Textual Data Type

char (2 bytes)
Logical

boolean (1 byte) (true/false)


Java Data Types
Data Type Default Value Default size
byte 0 1 byte
short 0 2 bytes
int 0 4 bytes
long 0L 8 bytes
float 0.0f 4 bytes
double 0.0d 8 bytes
boolean false 1 bit
char ‘\u0000’ 2 bytes
Points to Remember:

 All numeric data types are signed(+/-).


 The size of data types remain the same on all platforms
(standardized)
 char data type in Java is 2 bytes because it
uses UNICODE character set. By virtue of it, Java
Dr. Bharti Sharma
L5 : Java Variables and Data Types with EXAMPLE

supports internationalization. UNICODE is a character set


which covers all known scripts and language in the world

Java Variable Type Conversion & Type Casting


A variable of one type can receive the value of another type.
Here there are 2 cases –

Case 1) Variable of smaller capacity is be assigned to another


variable of bigger capacity.

This process is Automatic, and non-explicit is known


as Conversion

Case 2) Variable of larger capacity is be assigned to another


variable of smaller capacity

In such cases, you have to explicitly specify the type cast


operator. This process is known as Type Casting.

Dr. Bharti Sharma


L5 : Java Variables and Data Types with EXAMPLE

In case, you do not specify a type cast operator; the compiler


gives an error. Since this rule is enforced by the compiler, it
makes the programmer aware that the conversion he is about to
do may cause some loss in data and prevents accidental
losses.

Example: To Understand Type Casting

Step 1) Copy the following code into an editor.

class Demo {
public static void main(String args[]) {
byte x;
int a = 270;
double b = 128.128;
System.out.println("int converted to byte");
x = (byte) a;
System.out.println("a and x " + a + " " + x);
System.out.println("double converted to int");
a = (int) b;
System.out.println("b and a " + b + " " + a);
System.out.println("\ndouble converted to byte");
x = (byte)b;
System.out.println("b and x " + b + " " + x);
}
}
Step 2) Save, Compile & Run the code.

Output:

int converted to byte


a and x 270 14
double converted to int
b and a 128.128 128

double converted to byte


b and x 128.128 -128
Dr. Bharti Sharma
L5 : Java Variables and Data Types with EXAMPLE

Dr. Bharti Sharma

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