International Institute of Health Sciences

Assignment

Program and Batch: Foundation in Bio sciences FBS 33

Module: Physics

Title: FUND 003: Physics Assignment

Name: Minoshi Peiris

Registration Number: FBS33048

Due Date: Friday, 29 September 2023, 11:00 PM

1
01. What is the SI unit for Electric Current (2 mark)

The SI unit for electric current is the Ampere (A).

02. What is meant by derived units? Give an example.

Derived units are units of measurement that are created by combining base units through
mathematical operations. They are used to express physical quantities that cannot be directly
measured. For example, the unit of speed, meters per second (m/s), is a derived unit because it is
derived from the base units of length (meters) and time (seconds)

03. Convert followings:

i) 95 kmh-1 to ms-1

1 km = 1000 m

1 h = 3600 s

So, 95 km/h = (95,000 m) / (3600 s) ≈ 26.39 m/s

ii) 26 ms-1 to kmh-1

1 m = 0.001 km

1 s = 1/3600 h

So, 26 m/s = (26 * 0.001 km) / (1/3600 h) = 93.6 km/h

04. A car travels 25 km to the north, 10 km to the west, 35 km to the east and 10 km to the south.
What is its displacement?

The displacement of the car can be found using the Pythagorean theorem because it moves in
different directions.

2
Displacement = √[(25 km - 10 km) ^2 + (35 km - 10 km) ^2]

Displacement = √[(15 km) ^2 + (25 km) ^2]

Displacement = √ [225 km^2 + 625 km^2]

Displacement = √850 km^2 ≈ 29.15 km

So, the car's displacement is approximately 29.15 kilometers.

05. A train is traveling 200 m/s north. 30 seconds later it is traveling 300 m/s. what is the
acceleration of the train?

The acceleration of the train can be calculated using the formula for acceleration:

Acceleration (a) = (Change in velocity) / (Time taken)

a = (300 m/s - 200 m/s) / 30 s = (100 m/s) / 30 s ≈ 3.33 m/s^2

The acceleration of the train is approximately 3.33 m/s^2.

06. An action hero is running on top of a train traveling at 55 ms-1. If our hero is moving toward
the front of the train at a speed of 5 ms-1, what is our hero’s resultant velocity?

The resultant velocity of the action hero can be found by vector addition. Since the hero is
moving towards the front of the train, we can add their velocities:

Resultant velocity = Train velocity + Hero's velocity

Resultant velocity = 55 m/s (forward) + 5 m/s (forward) = 60 m/s (forward)

So, the action hero's resultant velocity is 60 m/s in the forward direction.

07. Write down Newton’s Laws of motion and explain each with one example.

Newton's Laws of Motion:

3
Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in
motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon
by an unbalanced external force. For example, a book on a table stays at rest until someone
pushes it.

Newton's Second Law (Law of Acceleration): The acceleration of an object is directly

Newton's Third Law (Action-Reaction Law): For every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction. For example, when you walk, your foot pushes backward on the ground, and the ground
pushes your foot forward.

08. Determine the accelerations that result when a 35N net force is applied to a 7-kg object and
then to a 5-kg object.

To determine the accelerations for the two objects:

For the 7-kg object:

F = ma

a = F / m = 35 N / 7 kg = 5 m/s^2

For the 5-kg object:

a = F / m = 35 N / 5 kg = 7 m/s^2

So, the acceleration of the 7-kg object is 5 m/s^2, and the acceleration of the 5-kg object is 7
m/s^2.

09. A 6-kilogram bowling ball is rolling in a straight line toward you. If its momentum is 54
kgm/s, how fast is it traveling?

To find the speed of the bowling ball:

4
Momentum (p) = mass (m) × velocity (v)

54 kg·m/s = 6 kg × v

v = 54 kg·m/s / 6 kg = 9 m/s

The bowling ball is traveling at a speed of 9 m/s.

10. Define followings

A. Potential energy

Potential Energy: Potential energy is the energy an object possesses due to its position or
condition. It can be gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, etc. For example, a
ball on a high shelf has gravitational potential energy because of its height.

B. Kinetic Energy

Kinetic Energy: Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. It is
calculated as KE = (1/2)mv^2, where m is the mass and v is the velocity of the object. For
example, a moving car has kinetic energy.

C. Mechanical Energy

Mechanical Energy: Mechanical energy is the sum of an object's potential and kinetic energy. It
represents the total energy of an object in motion. For example, a swinging pendulum has both
potential and kinetic energy, making up its mechanical energy.

11. A box has a mass of 60kg. The box is lifted from the garage floor and placed on a shelf. If the
box gains 145J of Potential Energy (PE), how high is the shelf?

To find the height of the shelf:

145 J = 60 kg × 9.8 m/s^2 × h

h = 145 J / (60 kg × 9.8 m/s^2) ≈ 0.245 meters

The height of the shelf is approximately 0.245 meters or 24.5 cm.

12. What is the kinetic energy of a 300g ball that is traveling at a speed of 3 m/s?

To calculate the kinetic energy of the ball:

Kinetic Energy (KE) = (1/2) mv^2

KE = (1/2) × 0.3 kg × (3 m/s)^2 = 1.35 J

The kinetic energy of the ball is 1.35 joules.

13. A car is moving on a speed of 30ms¯1 on a hill side track. The weight of the car is 1500kg
and height of the mountain is 15 meters. Calculate the mechanical energy of the bus. g=10ms¯2

To calculate the mechanical energy of the car:

Mechanical Energy (ME) = Potential Energy (PE) + Kinetic Energy (KE)

PE = mgh = 1500 kg × 10 m/s^2 × 15 m = 225,000 J

KE = (1/2)mv^2 = (1/2) × 1500 kg × (30 m/s)^2 = 675,000 J

ME = 225,000 J + 675,000 J = 900,000 J`

The mechanical energy of the car is 900,000 joules.

14. Weights are attached to 10-meter-long lever at rest. What is the unknown weight below?

F1 =? N

F2 = 40N

6
F1 × 3 sin90 = 40 ×5 sin90

F1 ×3 = 40 ×5

F1 = 66.67 N

15. Define Hook’s Law.

Hook's Law states that the force required to extend or compress a spring by a certain amount is
directly proportional to that amount. In mathematical terms, it can be expressed as F = kx, where
F is the force applied, k is the spring constant (also known as stiffness or elastic constant) of the
spring, and x is the displacement from the spring's equilibrium position.

16. What is the spring constant of a spring that needs a force of 3N to be compressed from 40cm
to 35 cm?

To find the spring constant:

Hook's Law: F = kx

3 N = k(0.40 m - 0.35 m)

3 N = k(0.05 m)

k = 3 N / 0.05 m = 60 N/m

17. Define followings.

Tensile Stress

Tensile Stress: Tensile stress is the internal force per unit cross-sectional area of a material when
it is subjected to a tensile (stretching) force. It is measured in pascals (Pa) or newtons per square
meter (N/m^2).

7
Tensile Strain

Tensile Strain: Tensile strain is the ratio of the change in length (due to stretching) to the original
length of a material. It is a dimensionless quantity and is often expressed as a decimal or a
percentage.

Young’s Modulus

Young's Modulus: Young's Modulus (also known as the elastic modulus) is a measure of a
material's stiffness or its ability to withstand deformation under tensile or compressive stress. It
is the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain and is measured in pascals (Pa).

18. A strip of rubber is stretched until 50cm long and it’s tensile strain is 0.6. What is its original
length?

To find the original length:

Tensile Strain (ε) = Change in length (ΔL) / Original Length (L)

0.6 = (50 cm - L) / L

Solving for L:

0.6L = 50 cm - L

1.6L = 50 cm

L = 50 cm / 1.6 = 31.25 cm

The original length of the rubber strip is 31.25 cm.

19. Find cross sectional area of a spring if force 15N and tensile stress 106 Nm-2

To find the cross-sectional area:

Tensile Stress (σ) = Force (F) / Cross-Sectional Area (A)

106 N/m^2 = 15 N / A

8
Solving for A:

A = 15 N / 106 N/m^2 ≈ 0.1415 m^2

20. What is the value for 160 Fahrenheit in Celsius?

To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius:

Celsius (°C) = (Fahrenheit (°F) - 32) × 5/9

Celsius (°C) = (160°F - 32) × 5/9 = (128) × 5/9 ≈ 71.11°C

21. How much heat must be absorbed by 225 grams of water to raise its temperature by 30 K?
(Specific heat of water cw = 4.18 J/g·K)

To find the heat absorbed:

Heat (Q) = mass (m) × specific heat (c) × temperature change (ΔT)

Q = 225 g × 4.18 J/g·K × 30 K = 2821.5 J

The heat absorbed is 2821.5 joules.

22. State heat transfer mechanisms and give examples for each

 Conduction: Heat transfer through direct contact between particles in a solid. Example:
Heat flowing through a metal rod when one end is heated.

 Convection: Heat transfer through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases). Example:
Heating water in a pot, causing warm water to rise and cooler water to sink, creating a
convection current.
 Radiation: Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation.
Example: The Sun warming the Earth through radiation.

9
23. Give two examples of using the Bi-metallic Strip

 Thermostats: Bi-metallic strips are used in thermostats to control temperature. When the
temperature changes, the strip bends, opening or closing a circuit to regulate heating or
cooling systems.
 Fire sprinkler systems: Bi-metallic strips can trigger the release of water in fire sprinkler
systems when exposed to high temperatures, helping to suppress fires.

24. Draw a diagram to find the location of the image if an object is placed at Principal Focus (F)
in front of a converging lens.

In this case, the image is formed on the same side as the object, and it is a virtual, upright, and
magnified image.

25. How much heat is needed to convert 1.5 kg of ice at -20 0 C to steam at 100 0 C?

To find the heat needed to convert ice to steam:

Heat = Heat to raise ice to 0°C + Heat to melt ice + Heat to raise water from 0°C to 100°C +
Heat to vaporize water at 100°C

Heat = [(1.5 kg) × (2093 J/(K·kg)) × (0°C - (-20°C))] + [(1.5 kg) × (334 kJ/kg)] + [(1.5 kg) ×
(4184 J/(K·kg)) × (100°C - 0°C)] + [(1.5 kg) × (2260 kJ/kg)]

Heat ≈ 31450 J + 501 kJ + 62760 J + 3390 kJ ≈ 3929020 J

The heat needed is approximately 3,929,020 joules or 3,929 kJ.

10