Q1.

Explain in detail on any topic of fundamental and automation , which shows

all the functions of MS Word .

Ans. Computer –

 It is a man-made electronic machine . which use 0 or 1 to store data

or information .
 It takes data , processes it , and produces meaningful information for
the users as output .
 “A computer accepts data from an input device and processes it into
useful information which it displays on its output device.”
 Works very fast as compare to humans but its capacity is limited .

ALU
INPUT OUTPUT
CU

MEMORY

Generations of Computers-

The development of computer systems is normally discussed as the

development over different generations .

Computer Fundamentals-

1. Hardware and software:

 Computers consist of hardware components like the CPU ,
memory , Storage devices and input/output devices ,
  Software includes the operating system (e.g., Windows ) and
application software (e.g., Microsoft Word).
2. Input and Output:
 Input devices (e.g. Keyboard , mouse) allow users to interact with
the computer .
 Output devices (e.g. monitor , printer) display information or
produce results .
3. Storage and memory:
 Data and programs are stored on storage devices (e.g. hard
drives , SSD’s)
 RAM (Random Access Memory) provides temporary storage for
active processes.
4. Central Processing Unit (CPU):
 The CPU performs calculations and executes instructions from
software .
5. Operating System:
 Manages hardware resources and provides a platform for running
applications.
 Microsoft Word operates within the windows operating system.
 Q2. Write the functions of motherboard , RAM ,ROM , FAN , Pen drive
and Hard Disk .

ANS. 1. Motherboard:

 Function: The motherboard is the central circuit board of a

computer . it serves as a communication hub for all hardware
components , connecting them and facilitating data transfer .
 Key Functions :
 Houses the CPU ,RAM , and other critical components .
 Provides interfaces (e.g. USB , SATA , PCIe) for
connecting peripherals and expansion cards .
 Contains BIOS / UEFI firmware , Which initializes the
computer during start-up.
 Manages power distribution and control .
 Facilitates data transfer between components .
2. RAM ( Random Access Memory ):
 Function : RAM is a volatile memory that stores data and
program code temporarily while the computer is in use .
 Key Functions :
 Allows the CPU to quickly access and manipulate data
needed for running applications .
 Speeds up overall system performance by providing
fast read / write access .
 Provides the working memory for active programs and
the operating system .
3. ROM ( Read Only Memory ):
 Function : ROM is non-volatile memory that contains firmware or
permanent software essential for computer start-up and
operation .
 Key Functions :
 Stores the BIOS / UEFI firmware , Which initializes
the computer during boot .
  Contains instructions and software that cannot be
modified by users .
 Ensures the computer can boot even if the storage
devices are empty .
4. FAN :
 Function : Fans are cooling devices that dissipate heat
generated by the CPU and other components to prevent
overheating .
 Key Functions :
 Maintains an optimal temperature within the
computer case .
 Prevents hardware components from thermal
damage .
 Promotes system stability and longevity .
5. Pend Drive ( USB Flash Drive ) :
 Function : A pen drive is a portable storage device that uses
flash memory to store and transfer data between computers .
 Key Functions :
 Provides a convenient way to store and transport
files , documents and software .
 Can be used for data backup and recovery .
 Offers plug-and-play functionality for easy use
with various devices .
6. Hard Disk Drive ( HDD ) :
 Function : An HDD is a non-volatile storage device that stores
data magnetically on spinning disks.
 Key Function :
 Provides high capacity , long term storage for
operating system , applications and user data .
 Allows for data retrieval and storage even when the
computer is powered off .
 Q3. Explain all Generations of computers .

ANS. First Generation (1942-55)

 Computer Systems are entirely electronic .

 Magnetic drums are used for memory .
 Vacuum tubes are used to store instructions .
 These systems can calculate in milliseconds .
 Takes entire room space for a single system .
 These systems consume a large amount of energy . and very
expensive to operate and I/O (input/Output) is very slow .
 Constant maintenance is required for these systems and only
understand low levels .
 Example : ENIAC , IBM650 , UNIVAC1 , etc .

Second Generation (1955-65)

 Transistors are used at the place of vacuum tubes .
 And use magnetic core as primary internal storage .
 In this generation main storage capacity and speed are increased .
 And punched card or magnetic tapes are used in these computer
system.
 Input/output speed was fast as compared to the first generations
computer system .
 Reduces the size of the entire computer system and these systems
generate less heat .
 High – level Programming Languages are used in these systems
(COBOL and FORTRAN).
 Example : IBM1401 , Honewell 200 ,, CDC 1607 , etc.

Third Generation (1965-74)

 These system replace transistors with IC (integrated circuit) chips .
 And Magnetic Core uses for primary storage .
 Input and output are more flexible in these systems .
 Working speed of these systems is also increased.
 High Level Programming Languages are used in these systems .
 Size of the systems was reduced and perform better and these
systems are reliable for the users .
 Example : IBM system , NCR395 , etc.

Fourth Generation (1974-89)

 These computer systems use large scale IC chips .
 Modular designs are available for the users .
 In this generation use of microcomputers is increased .
 Storage capacity and speed of the systems are increased .
 A greater versatility of input/output devices is introduced .
 These computer systems use RAM for temporary data storage .
 Microprocessor and microcomputers comes in this computer
generation.
 Example : IBM PC-XT , apple ,IBM PC , etc.

Fifth Generation (1989 – Present)

 This generation totally based on artificial intelligence .
 Come with great speed of I/O devices .
 Consume less power and generate very less heat .
 Use Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) Technology .
 Speed of this generation computer systems is very fast and accurate
and reliability increases as compare to 4th generation computer
systems.
 Size of these computer systems is very small and these are cheaper
than other generation computer system .
 Example : Desktop , Laptops , Smartphones , Tablet , etc .
 RESUME
ABHINAV SHARMA

Chandra lok colony , E.mail: abhinavshar@gmail.com

Meerut – 250002 Contact : 999999999

Objective :
I want to excel in this field with hard work , preseverance and dedication .

Educational Qualification :
Courses University / board Passing year Percentage
12 CBSE 2023 75
BCA CCS Appearing Appearing

Technical Skills :
 Computer : web developer

Hobbies :
 Reading books , Play video games .