CE411 Mahmud
CE411 Mahmud
CE411 Mahmud
1
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E,T,L
o ruvr Poinf e
to, =u , t --=mlt';!::'t'"",";T
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s+Mud +$an -).* =o
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t 3"'r5F-a
L'r'\e r+r{en
:>-tf/lnB +MeA:fMtB --Ihis ay*tion ovq
fotk<.far er,d, t.e.&YY)
+na} flrlf o[ lhc- rnornarl is eawi")
f*.to* : L
AB€.r''"/ wL Can t^:rlte -
4B:'4 )Qoe:cka'2^*ut'"t"b')"aoAa^JB
= rry€r
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) MAB:.ry
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tt.-
-{-n
enA rE
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a fY\
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hg
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t^'''r'f '
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oi n
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o
o [hr,P7 lt*'o}.'h'6n=
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join't Yelf
Vlytib'Lun*
rvtr.-+ q) =
._M
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')oi
+ _!h: W-W W
vro.ffi=ff-6=o
sl"n{>
| So{*on
,- MI, = Msu = - 60 r-lt
I * and D ,rz,lMt-s
ftA
o
I t+lxzt.
= t.zer Do = -te = 7E
Fro =
+
-\
l*. =n[b.= '+$ h.=+L=a'zs
L._ ffit
*9-
bu*on 6/ rno*nn+
_)is+ri
-+ o,zs
Msp
FEMT *6O qu. a . fAgR :+5 Y-[t
Dln.+ +45 MA. :'tS V-tt
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Bou
I .+{A,1
"10 /
o
1.2 K/tt *tlt I
E zI,to
2oY-*L
l6'
So{u}ion:-
Mi, = I9-\Jt - 10 Y-+L ', VtE^ = -'lO V-f t
K qr"d ) d^il) )U'lribu*ior' IrLlu
Yie=# =:q-Er
DeR = o'1 o'4 0.2 03 o.+
4a - FrY =-slr Dgg = ot'Z Il*
EM)=To
FI
lrlss Mnc b
#c-ryL=t'yET
kep *!ry:t'LeI I' Dec = o'3
Dey = o'+
D
M
,|4J +
+-9
1 +2 +3
+Z 4-3
r+
4
zk = +Dr
Ntu, o*har enJ *o**r.k
: Io '/- (o+19 = McE: Lxz ? t.5 V-*L
'lAE
nE-tv + L^ L- -/
4O'5 Y-,ft
i'f,gs-o+L*?-") = { v-tt Mru = L^4 - 2 K-,lt
.,
-a
-lo -
Exa"r,pte "
enA tnomenls fo* th. ftlfo(''y?
frane-'
K
2A
e'
(n r.unsfn"l>
5u I ulion
F 2o\+€ = *2g'g K-+t
i- ML.=*G
[g'a v-tt
M: r= -
90
^6x+ - - 'l-
10"
l+EI
=.+er
IEI
I Dee = o'z|l
KEg =
Io =. l| :-\
.3Er Dg.= o'L
Ke.' =# = I
Kge
t+EI
i-
? .+EI ) Dal = o'zLT
- to
7{: I';EI
)ishbufi su tilL Allrs, enJ rnornenb
a.217 o.tIT o217 IAaa = +^e'o
'L+) = -s'rt Y+F
v-'lL
lilc* =''5'12
MgE = L*e'o'c'+)
ilpeyr+ +29'8
q, = tr Qo'z+) = -e'tz4['l
-192
I co,,,t- +g.a<4 r rA;
r D M-; -10-U+ -f ie -+Ig'L
izu+ 4. -lo.?+ +?olz o
-ll -
B.ar"lle-'t.6'.'Fov lfr, bcam shoan bo)a.r., livrJ all 1L .td moner.l
T; dr$ffixev ^orrrn rlr dioxram aird srnteh aelle.teJ sh","
Klft K
1 2o'
26/ ?o / (x er,nsta"+)
A 6o'
?-
SdAo"'.- tr { x6o
Mne --L- ' 12- =*?ook-|+ ; *Eo='3oo v-lL
K'f-t
.20r+o = #loo tt-f L ) vtF"B:-7oo
I^
[c -+T
K a)^d D \ra] ves
q =o.I66TEI I DsA= Q'+o
Kea=
Ker=% =o'to EI J+ Ds" = o'co
#o'te67EI
othev enA rno vnevis
ho1 = rToo + L (zzo +uoq ="Vo K-k ) Mleg= F pa +[ &'o-toD E-bov4t
hy Rr +o
EMe =o ? -47x6of Qoxrlto 5Mc =o
+3+0 -22'O 7 O
2 3gy'=14'E tc U)
R*7 =32 K U)
v
Erp) GFD)
Lg 5'5
@*r)
-12-
D4e.le| shaq.
Z F/JI I+
K
4jI y=U1oirl D
zoi r=9oo
frrner ktt2z girnifar lo *I:l'i.15,L
Jtl"f,oh '- r-+t ; *f,n 7 -37'5 Ylt
k+t ) ML = -K'& K-tt
t,-+t
K and -D ,mlgtt
=ry=64E ')P =o'7gV
tbA
Dga
.597 . 417 I
gF D and BMD
LYI{b z 4tL
A B 9
22.to 69.Et
RAy
pnD DGMD
^
- l+:
7-r tro?'te .g :-De,Lr"mine tho, and
1
motllQrvfs *f,*joinit6, B ard ,
lL Jatto;tY Irana t
lq=u,r;"+
L+'* tt ril
Bw> ' l\- I,=Z4o ;n
I
d+
in+
6rd
lr=try
ZK_-*] J
t ,rrl
+
+l
lE
I rott T rott
@ ME" =*
n;'o *5
=
K-tL
) tl'F.g = - 5 k-'J?
,!. =.F'ry',=*3 v'tt ) nie = -7 v-lt
KonJ) wlues
trExt44
KBo
=T=72t KcB= 72E Da=o +o
= lr?rcq g I'agr=
1-},1=o'So
k., = ?'Youo' =72E
I(r0.,
KB"
lo =72 o.S0 = o- +o
2k = tEm VcE = '.8^li9- = 3e E J Dq6 : o'zo
zk :l9Oe
hs+"ibu/','0, {*tq
0.go 0"5o o.+o o"bo 0.20
FErvr-+ +f I l.',9, Vtc* M"p I tvtlg
l+5
coM-> l*i.ro
'* -5 l-3
DM+ -? 2A -?.3o \\
3ffi; -'rY
Dftrr --s
_.?z+ t- +2.2o +3.20 lo,
,66
l"z3
.o #
''
N ole:
)ishlbuA ola
At{.avt'*}e-
i"n'
5M-+ ;q +3.t+ I
+.o? +,09 +.OL rrzx{- YWj
-z.gh +3.89 -- -t"o, ? &:n-S ttr'^ )
E7 rl=r-------a
- lq. h
*'o+ 'oz+
5,u + -3'q 3.+7 3.gg
@Nt)
I
-15-
Exampla '[
'9 -'- Duf.rrni y\e- 16,u end fno me:rf,s 4 tE" fd{omrY
L"Drau> BMD ond suzl .h de$a.led shryz
fo-
D
5'
B
rt
Ig covtEb"{ )
goxl0
So[ u]io,^ t- tnL
,,'AB = : IOOt-{t; M; = -rlo K-ft
K ond D vaj ueg -
DDB= 5v1
bEr ,+,D T DBR= o'2 KuB: - g€,7 I [>
KaR = .+:1O I ?ET7 = .GEtJ'Ba=
'l+2-9
)isfribhl',on lalla
.Ll ,571 .+29
"2
Ms^ M-rt VlpB Moe NoE,
-l0o o o o +L88'7e+ro) =110 61 r-t|
1- zo ++o MAB - too
+ t.t) -9.59
.+'ov - -+9
-_-\-
-le -
goq ; ie'r?_
? f+Z't4ll
B* ?e'7e
)
1s'+?
iro'61 -
D"dn cted shoq,z
-lf--
Mod;{;"1 sfiffnrt,
Fbr fu eox. ol -y rrn4'7 a'J^'nd s7 ^,^.hJ,
-','('^o'
:t: a^iv'r lnat sW ffi
Jr'mI n;lA;' X; P"* ^!,.::Yi
T)ffi#t ffinr, tL fav d ':
"-^i
{"*t'a"'ru' is also mod'i'"r srdl-
syrntntby
Xlo [;J.; ed si;JIwst,, V'=*EI/EV"*fu
V' = OA/fT * FY
Anll'- s1t,iYnnl"
,,,'d i',i'i(geJ
K' - 3El/L ?t*h^J"'
@"L Pa't'"ah)
fY *r.=
TQu,*o)
fu'7;* +MtL='+Qo-, n,.uf ,
Mr , = %.0
\q
o.n.r=^fl.. (luet" i7^^'.,
->
Agai", {ot nenL* 7t - " 'CF"r
.\rweh1
MrD= ?Ei-@r+ o)
o
=)Mr =':kQo+e; ^^3;r:J;"
,a/tl
l*'01=o
+ =
Mrp A t.o.r'=
fft. t{o,
^ltrtl"n"l,7
-l$,*
1.10 '- Fov Itro <onli nrou3 boa,^ shourn be)oo, dn-lnv''.ino*,
?awr?lo
fL a\a r"noYn n,.ls'
tftt r2 t! It
5@2t+'
Sol"hoh'- W,.. noti.e tF^I tho s{ru .Iurn is s)nm dvtcaL 'J6-I tk-
t^id gpaYt 6L rn€r^ bev cD.
yrl,
0Fr
F-l,t', klt
--+ry=*57'6 *Fro = -57'e
-76.W +36.4+
-||9 --
Exarn ple- 4.II Drlernina drl tkc. qd nnom€rJp j*
- fK. itftouh*}-
{"t e.WG.^, BlnD anJ sr'u}'h ddu.ted sha4e '
ed 6ok
B lo' 20' lo' c
zo', zl 7o" zI
2o' 20'
I T
Mtr, = * Uo -
t, @o -27\t0 = +225
K-l.b
W ^
K ond D rraj ws DishltAon +"b1"
Kslt-- Ln;:t = o-2ecrr.r K DB\ = o'3+g
I
Ksc=ry=o'tu:. f" W.= o'7e
= o'Tel
J DsE = 0'26
-rle=%
zK = o,WEi
2M+ 48'1|l't4n'q-58'5
3g r'
Nou,,, l4AB = Lx (re'+s)= -79
BMD. kl
Uiiv=4* Qre'E) = -ze'zs
z?'?9
Re/ ,-# eoF
t
:l'Ac = Q )-RE7 x+6 'rQoxtn)+t?l'?sr+L=o
+ Ref = 3C'8€ te U)
zit$f
4
4r7'xt
-?;O'-
,V-Yn.ofup-
t,Sr
l+t
"-' lt? A"E'- ry
. -r{r:J",r n *a=- '4 = -ts'tKil
-- "[
- I-A,
TK='7EI
;sli; Aulinw TaAz
'9Tl .4441.116
Nul',,
ll6-L -748 }/tp.'= l+Ut'9++2'
o ec Y' tT)
= 2Z'7?
v-*l
lb,Ts - _=q
-9.94,t z.lz
l.OG -30
l7r,LL -l+h
T
LO
K 5 Rll'b
,>
g rrft t74
Sotuli s'n : fi x.d end ffr-;rr*'Jr'
tr
tf +t t5$t
MEc=
ry=r3s wM ) M"+ -=
-tzs r-f-
K \.. D votuas
Dg.= ' 5 +5
De. ='455
tg
:48r.7
K.g =fr--t
4Er ;gLZeT
L lD* = :aZ o
"z?8
Kcu -z? =:+#)\LE=
--.24 )DeD= .3"7L
Vae
,,,.1 j
{Yc
*ai-
-
-21 -
EI
we ca'x
nnil- aYQtu ++,*YQw
%r*orn
l, -
ulofl;
B +oil=t++o intf c
'flr,ro,^+ 20' .aJ
f=?J1-O tT't '
9olJio", 'n
KondD
'l
rrA=
ry =,4he DBa='+Og K., = t44E DcB:O'79
1?7'tL
8b'06 n o'aL
|q,49
lQr'z
"
C
lo
Gueh:- f'6 =txt{'Foe = tLne 'Q =+e'+
El = \O,0OO c Y-tf
K e- D rrdues
fut='5
f6u'r a2l o
)^^ -t-61-l'6
Dla -'5 rA+ + l-6 l-t.6
-z+*
ll '.- Dn-luvrnlrre_ rn€
Exarn?le- 'l .'t4, eroJ rnornar-tr due fE lE
st;;y?orl se*ilen ^b* -
mention e-l &.loh) -
^f= ^e
wavl)
0A = 'ao1 ra.d C"( oc1uase) a-B = '6+ trt C4ok)n
AA = .ot jt Ldrrdh Pa,d) Ac : .ot?s ff fof ouDn
oard)
A4 r , 3r L Gvev',-
E=7o,0Oo trst, f = I,OOO inF
Jdu/rur,-
t{/ c
iotTf
OOI \'
A -..'--
oA
= -,
c
lA'on = 4x?o/O0oX l00bx.oo/
Qon a)
xlv +
€, x?o, oo o xl o o o x
0o ^ ru)-
CoU -' o r)Al L *b
= -83.?7 +ZT 5 = *291.67 lr-+b
M
[o = - L* &s'??) *77 5 = 7??'39
* r-[t
ffioa-=^ =-Ig7'; v-/iY
K a"d ! ues
^r*l Dro = '/,7 );ek;bufi'or, *o,LI'
Dr. ='L lAsn
Zf< -Wr FEIf\ -lkr',
DM
-s7'9
EM + +?-7{ -27r
Noru' +r" e? t-793.sg) = +ze L'et Y'W
MAe = +29{'17
I
-25-
Exarnple t.'tf '- Find the. end -oter.{^s oltF- tsllotrtnfiame,
ah" t,tfr-t A ,ulole, 'olYog Qoc4aise ar'J 15. s'*7'ovt D s9&1es rind
YzY 4',' r4!A . E= ?4 660 Ks L .
zo', I=zoo in
I=3oD int+
*Er=-ry=-lt'll
l- K'lt
Mhv*ry=+*uu'zztr-|l )
FEM dua tb c&lene:tg "* E- Lf,F+t' Q) = -zo'g
= - +l-el
1r4',, ME
t^[FB-e € 4xSo,oooxto?x'.ol
6xl?-)
Qo* ^1, ^=
?x?Qoro^b4 * ?.6'ot+ V-l+ ', nn ie - o
nbo =* fzo* lf ^h =
g
3oK 4r
@t Consb,*l;
K arn d D \^[ue g
=8/?.'t(+8h.zD/ro
: g'92- l<
m
Shovan be'lou
Thq6, F;" ol tosull e = (n"dh in F,3 A) n t'+?9 , and
BMD
---1
,
I
I
I
iit/
[v
?ta
-b.t-
g*a^do r.E'- Find th.- enJ "nornanlr JoY tK- fdlouttuV Jrane '
K
trp_.-+ tsiu c
15'
I
?."33I
rrg
?:lp.Yt BaseA oh th- #2zurn, we (3\\ lsr
ttl C' A 'Lu
J^r-t
P"lnt) = 5?'12'
I
I 0=
I
ht 5?'12 2 /= 'Tsa
+ =
I
b
l
It
O, { A 2 d' =l'25
- 9in 59'19
"";'^.:rlou=m?^=+ryJi2zg/:r@
,*e,
t5' x'!5
^ ? Ito Y''+
lAFu.='*',* = -6gxtl =
o, +a,L
€
.??? '5 othev e,.J Yn 6Y'flz.rth
'eL t
to c) = * roe ' 1 v'{+
lfisa
+l0o
@o
-15 -l5o I
M.p
F lro
Mng =
!1D. =
*loo++* fue
*llo+Ln gD
'z-
':,-rro) =+445'9v'tv
rO o
+I L, L4 l-rzZ'te
q{
o
+rL.G
+1.? ,+Z-19 -B'77
+t.99
--*'27
-.?, .6e
I
+'lz -
+'lL +.2\ -'L9
-'DL -,oe
!-ltg'Y -lt+b'9l"t+o'z
shourn VdorP
'-
109'l rwf , onJ
A
Rar.= (ob' ,*,::e')/t
= 15-t sY lo)
-'
Fit.h-Ru*r^.ttt 4ov
assurne d
'u rr\a,^,n*"'[
'*g'L
L51'\
Ot
?,w'
Fi, oJ- vs$lt
D
..-
I
--27 -
. --Jrl{ o^.7Jta'o'
so'
U'"- tt
golulion:. No noli'e'ft'at 1i' :: 3r:iy*,f'j$, f :
No atlo r\ottc<- """,rt, o:rlAlorn- .^..,^r "^om"nl&sl.ibu,t,-
J e Thern''trrual*'
K;tr.:*t*"**''
,{B* i Mie =|&--i't
v--yL:rt'so3asol
t'
',r, '|,s' I
r
IL, r ot'A 9.'mJtro'
n
^, tleA =='g
lr3=_'.,r
ry^:: 'l er) De.- =
tsea =
^ kga'ffi'-'-
ue$=o' "rL+
pishibnlioo {orlo-
-
eI J
: '2(c? _,.,";li:::
;;-.Tr::nt "t
,5 .5 5
KcB-
'KcD=G L@ -'1c(tel\ )cD ='9
,5
Msa
-tt
z7 ''
w+#
+lo
-37'5 +?o +20
,----
o
l/ot''
' , !.r6sr*r ) ='5
,- +l
v-+t
w- -?s-?e Mne =
19
v-|t
-2.3,t+ -2.94 +9'79 9.e8 = lf
+.Zg -l.la
+'59 '5?
MD. = lrSo
_.15 -.tg - .oT
+.otF +'oh
-SE- VS, -3o l+lo
42-
tL surfgor L vnor-ftov, aI
( -
t^l 'J $.J
%
AF*=o @"f" e ftane)
tt c *Qct7-7+-'3^lt =o
-3ryt
3o -S.
-J Rc* = 7K k)
Fit.l - Rerdh ol
pavt- {.
D
Rrzc
=
(r* zA/s
=zk ?) =3ke
*7R ok c btt'L *,u!',t',n*"1
Paytz- l^4r" lov o' [ov*'p=Rex
A, o{i oL-tt g'ft'utfotn-
lL^t I'tol.,
HP=+K X
itP)
; c,v,ad*J-;fiii'^'['i "
M[;; ;;4 = 40 .-'e'c"l
rrJ'4'r-
Fis.
:*t91t
2.1 S*, ll'
'-rw*'v'Jvr- ll Vvand
And D
DffaIUeS (!.orns,lo rt,I
s (cs^sid^rry -l
"^{57^*t/
asluneJ disp{aarunl. 'a.lue
| ,, I'4,I -nrtzcTl ha=.4
I ]"?"
1r
D t<ss=ry=z€crlr
g*T.Fa=
- (l
o fPntii a Jtono) )islrcb*Atn |*t"
rrgrv',2-:- A
^t n6.,
,;-' .
4 ?7= |'gLT
o aP/= y*i+
P7-- : .k .6
. . Muth dy y f""h!, I =
f, #?'75 MeR Mec-
+lO o
FinaL relrlb'*?N+ 2 = @*sutb i", A3.2')x?1s
anA ghoon hdouD '- -l+ -u
ti'
FiX.z-Rrsutb o[ Yu*-
-73-
h'9-l,) qnJ shsr^*' b"/sr,, -
F;NAL resulb {fust,th in A)'r Y,jvlb
-+ itn
v4t
tA $i"a*7**
Exa*pl a l'tg t-Dalavmine atl 1F'' enJ rnoma'"f' "f
ghu.*urn' K
ZO
K
lo
I= 6oo inq
20'
) lo' )
'^
+ '0'
ioinl- c ca\
(o{Jion'.- [AJe ,,oticetfJ tf''i s is o-etnu-l/problcrn'1t
lt^ro 7wh os
;;;. -Also,Tt^r* qre mll,\b" f'"ai9lK^U'"in
{'ri+riru/ri
disPla<-o-m'"*
and'dohvu
A
%e 1r BI * h-
n L
-t D,L)L la
A E,I.LTIT \ .j
rJ*.; a"ht^rera*,Sml,
of * me-mbav tD'r+-^ +M-et\cL
;
l^/\^Aaa.6,
;IUt;*.,
+TA;; ;f "'''A".
ff J' J'
t'#**
nu^ unl
MBA
il -iJ = m''o
Au.
Y et,:':
:diellac-.rn es''[' * I?..
r; ___
;4o:n
=MFnro ft Qfu+ os)
ea)
v\sn = uF"^ *lQoe+
I
AnoW)s sloqs
tI i) ESytes: tL $ xei <''r ^ornelfs due-fo !NA4
;7 -t,-#\
'e"J momev'{s \n lexms of Tt"- enJ
''ii);#ff; lne
{:
,*
Et&o-ss
.t
+ ttr'
iii) 1k. ['"t'/i]'*' * "al']'tvlu^
- c,rrngidav
joit"/- Yn6mtnt= '
it) Sclva {x r'rrrfr^rrsritrr- tolofi*l anJfor lsytra*n"a
(uf c"nsla4
'/
eol*/,on,- Fird enJ *orynn[).-
*+r,', VLo: -+' 7 K-+t
r1() F l. u r-L
r.- r u r.L
t<'lL) Mb:-# 5x+x6,
--. 7 a1-2o Y1+
Vrs"= "Z#=*+'so
+7 k{f
yl|=Ma=*lx? =
t.
:-
gs)
MAs = *i ,,0 + ry Qoo*
fl:r)
a t{n B: '4ga+ '2 0s ++'tT @ssu*in
{i,nilntV,
llgA - ' 20A -+'b0B-+'lV
'2 g .+ +'go
ffi1c - t+Og 4-
*+'V0. -7'L
Mc6 = 'zhs
r|€
-loln+
1Aofi'ons, -
_(r)
--\'
l5A^--"?'Vge#'l}g+t+'17=o
L06t. Bos't' z'e+
Lt = o -'<z)
:il-=::;T ;:o'r' =o
it/L=o)
o .l'.;=o?
tY\ag+McD=o7
)M.s l'n,
\-o"P +'+CIe-'.Tt
' r '/
i>ln. = 'F --G)
+ '20a'+'l+0t-+'L-o -
A -F
-(=)
-3 kk
l-4g
Lr)-7'2 =
Mca a12.2y,c['os')+'Qr@'o
k
zvltt 10
?- U'e7 K-lt
solufi;on'.- FFM'- rvrFo, --+ry -* e6 e7 v-t-t ; UFro
? M*g = '20Bte(" e7
Msa = -€e 'e7 " "# Q0e* 9
:-e(-C7+'+g
-+o-
lfiD.: o+ + pen* 0) ; fA.B : o+ + Qn., sr)
2 flgc = '26e7 0e+' l?23 0c
g') \Ao, : o++ @x+ o,
MgD - o-r- % Cos* ',
51fl. =Q
0e =-2go
- -O
'l 0g+'20D=o 2
EMI :o + MPs =o +
ivr C'l) anJ Q-)
p,^+l in.,'e=-70D a"-h'o\^i
t'e'\ - e(' L7 = o -
{+)
'137> 05 0b
gY +5o - o - --(g)
'26eTSc--' zeeV
0D--61'1'l
qn 5) )-7ot-ts9'7e --o ->
ryldrq)x.2
o*1'-,1'.* x v-k
.'. [ABo = - C€:e7 +' Ul*'"''o' -r7'+e
=
e) =- 5 6 t'-&?
MB. = 'Le(tx'"' +'t773x'U'r
" -'+ts'se \L-tr+-
MBI = 'z>rQ3z'zz')t 1xk(r'l'
g1^l). a.^J a"4l**"L sk^1o - Do 7o""*-L{
lgrrer.,
-t+1
-
Exav^p\e z'3'-- F;t'J th- unL nv,-nnI'
o[ tk'- ?*kI {'^-
srdcr' a'e$"'}nA l'4"'
W gloge de$Iee*io^ me{l'od U"-
-+-,_|
u*o a'^a
0
I Cz;-r1s+r"A )
'zgs Ugu.- - o)
->ll\ec-- .,n;:.:ff,
;;:, * n,) u1"
+ Qee-r ou) a ttleo =
Mes -- br+Qee
+
roi. I etuahong
tMB= 9 * Mg.t l{ge =: * . r-oo+.20e-?9=o --
Mea-+ - LD
: o 2'60p+'z0e-7e=
+ --?5-+'Loe*'uiJn
42 22 a (- v. Y-/'
';; r\
Af
lEM. =Q
=o
f.il , 0s );ein .qualrontr)
";';:::r206-3s
]t
I I -42-
0s = -2 xQZs) = t7O
NAA
e -.hx TO +'2x U) =aL4 kll, ) Mq, = -z4 *l+
'5xt* ) vtuo ir -
4.rL+ v-*l 4'l(1
Solul;on I
- thr*s: T=
vr|u. = MB.-$1^7:7Y+L
Marn ber
"1"ohoh-r loir'l 4^A*)
gn) 5M9= O
={t+.{tt + #(or
lnas
= |'t{l +'208
Msn =*4-t#+ h?on*,
(1 +'*08 ... MRB = V'4
S ?r ) IAVA = -3 Mn.n.
= '-4't
*l+3-
Mt*e = 2o.4L+zW
3.5
+ Mne :24 OB + qLg'sV Ag
tfleez*zol+L+ YW Q:ee*CI*+W
? MAn : * lL'7g -+- 857 - l+08
(zgr -+- 0c-
T(,gi )
Ma L: r3. l3 + ?:t*9eo b-/
yT|:;*
:
-: D)rv IL
r,sr.^l I %cws"* 4
---)
D
{ercA I
a
= llel+ CI-{-r
6Ce1 b
= 1,9V7+ 0c+'
If\c,
q1'(q
AMu':c)+ fVtBGrl&*+ Mtsr =- o
+-t5 <- l.L5 .+Z% +A 4 kl. 6. + l'66s + '80- :C
I ',
{:,;
Zlqc*c + M..g -{- McD :: o
\ :o
+ -+[.C7 +'8 ol+l'e O<-* l'233+Sc-* '6((7 r..
*6667t-l+{.4+
) ' , g 0g *Z,gzb+g <-+ =0 -^t'
SC":6-i Gv
lt
-..arb----.+&La&r [n+ I[y=]o Mv*
rw"+ [Y rl1u., Mco+Ml. %
-7,o
? W*Msol-M LD+Mp. *+{
-.\tt.zr+gs+a _n.zr+"b'+^
7 u,f,s+.bss_ v{ve4:
+r.sz3+ni..^I'r{^i7_A
A6(T 44" (ttVgc+,.tn,_ : kLld.
+2 0v *Z&e-+ 3,333 a- +S -o , -fri;)
.!
.t
-4J -*
CHAPTE R 3
MATRIx METHoD oF STRULTURAL AI./ALYsIs
Jv, sJi{[ness
"unKnoon nodo{- (.1"i"9 displacem.t'ls aYQ-
^otho|qpon+;liis ni.,-l -th"t dipla..ru,.,f
hyrn i.t,
sol,-iions sye. obln.,"fu Jmsl in rna*rix Jo* :
inlevna)- ht'"t
Jn eteril ily *uit'o'd , loiezs Ql PetJiois'
t,.n *"'^^ 1y""hhes
s'\d +ltus
ol r,tlombc-rs) eT z laien as
i*T:^:;"'oul*i^'il"i in rna-f';
" tu-
Somz G..netai- skrtt""*L nt[*s
sve(etal si'ru.{..,tu :- D Beavn s
,t Plqna *vus see
iii) Plana Jro*ne
b Plan o ,ZYfds
0 tr^el*vLossns
\tt SPace {vames
-+e -
9 Beavns
()-'
Y-/
.|,'l,,t.r+J JJ
U4r$to*rcn) ,
(pnoL)
ft% ion,
r.,l ] s+a1Li {''na '[enenls
r' -
--A.is
29 sY mrne['Y
ol sY^^&7
Pl o ne -{r,,^r, t9
9
a9 Jvaw'a
meY^bav)
()-'
Y-/
Jtl,J'$.'{'J 'tJ
64"A'4',"1
QnoL) :--'i;;uul
&^ptien, *^ # !::;tff:nt
s1^rneLy
s
A^ar'oi,d'ry
I ^n) < dwro, ffn-ani-'
I
il ;;bav shoulJ
ii |t" o membov)
>&Irn geawe,pl.rne-Itu"u' anJ Plana {rames"la4
a.\ in kz. it;"" of li,- ltsvtbers @"' planar baac)
GLL;.----
Plane $'iJs
All rn er'.beYg &YL'n @nL-Plana-
-
-- loadg o.t in a Ji'oJi* y"xyeriiet^lc
to that p\ona'-
Ir Z
q9
A OntY v*| .-(
is
male'
crnsidcY..J
€'w/l-
Planz 7
huss
o L
plan<-
Jrarnu 7 1 3
Planz 16t
frrLl
2 3
S?o(4-
1russ 3 3
S?a.c-(-
{rnrnL 3 3 6
(i) Beam
Q;) Frarn e- (ii'2 Tntss
3ol"i,on:-
1t) doKi = 4x2- Q+t+, -- +
-\
-50 -
.A^ iss tht|nees lrlathod
delerrnina
I
I
lr*r,l g and
it h?W re*o"intg ^rnaVei+
^rnavQ
rta.A
'(r"rr J Rasl"*^t sl'rvtl*'Q
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
cF*ili and
,;\;
,t
r. ;, onlk--Jutl7 reslra'r* shu't*vn
t:
'q?iV
ctlct',1"k- lotous '
ir,
l;;;' "'yk17to
"**'m
'T':'l" ::ruY'nt #i"m
"u eath dPI
i,.,;',
- rI {#Mx,nm:fnx#r;
;:;;';#'* a, selo*rnnn'l s
+; sM n+''
vonAons Qen Jovs'
sF'
u) Co,Jculo*- "lha,'
s.yaerPEiho/
Y
h
*51 -
E,I,L
Solulio"
u,
dort = zx2- &oD- f+
F,rtty Reslre"^,f sluctut<- GR,
,tg?gr -F,rygg -!t+trK,"fr. .
nt F ;Ptr,t =-#
-4
1L ut?
E
S{i/r'*s, tolr;*, r
'-Lflo,[<.:-Fovce in th<- &v'
Ki i +
t*/L
u)
a;rd of Ldua lo =1 :
2r/, Y
T4t
tr?*;lilttu- =l,.{#ir^ (P'^+
\:r__
Yu :B)
,-r
u1 :Q : L,.j.L"
IL 7 +gEI
((,t^ A,R*,R ,)
-
@*
utlr\ wP
\+lruv,-lx ffit =m MA= #*Y^#=+
flnnl = [ (un) RA= $+?"#r= +
Lfr] L:T]
;*.- @'pFRnt)
lwl --9o Yr
RB=$*tE)"#.=+
- 52-
Fxarnplo ine- Ifr- .ro"{i
LU F wL s.
,$dgr/iel;=
doki = 3x 2- Q+l+D=2- ) a-
c P-r = -PL/s*o'^=l: I
PL/g @"Ar)
g Ple Prnt-= ;%)
= P/e
S+ifjn ess trl"-!tI t<
ze/r cerf*
- ZEII 3w
T+:-i-,- ,31:9 -
3"lr LE /l-
Kz,.= ze/u
erfu ut
"Ew
-l
- 5?-
FT ' ; li friu* e'pu *[
EIlr
Tlq)
t,
L L(, .tbr\--' rzS
tlz=
WIW; = obn,?*/r,
E
-54-
Fxar,.p{ e 7.1 .5 ;- % S#rrro: rm,-q-+[.oJ, d-t*P-rrnile fL rofoh'sw
Solulrn uro
t& y
doru = |xZ- Q*'+r+D =/ >
[-t..tl Roslr*"4 S4rucfuva GPs
1oK
\vtk Mer,^b x hvnMolvix, Pr
VZt = 'ZDI
'W"'WL
l)y= 1, U1 = O
.\rrld .Lef
KZZ='{Dta-'v;EI?'gEI
-55-
Wl;bri ur," 7f Ku : ?) _Pi
PRALTI CE YCUREELF
e..\'5%
''
'-'/ o
lO tUt 7P,,r
e' L
Qr ctvl*"*)
-5e -
Exan\?le z.'f . 6'-- B* g\tl,w me*f'oJ, dc'letrnin c--ltw-lznd'i'
*.,n-t "* ,"f9orf, n, ^o^nrt.al ;"u't a ""1, v;ali 4,
il.i*} il;;,'+'!qtr- ta'*+*o n=6#.:yr
K
ZO
v
15 c
E
2c.'
1.5'
(er c:'"vl^*)
do ?L= ?x 7 - Q"D-'z =2
Fvl^4, Rss+rart gt"{u'n Gn/
IL lc
zo' l0
VL a,- M"l"i ^, P'
yI
?1's
%t
a ry f1:!|r-r
fn> = -27'5 Y-/
fi''Y-l
3-hf{vu+o Ua}vix. r
Et' '52?3 ar
Ft, =Qcc7+'zeG)
ltEI lztrlEL L Yzt ='1333EI
T
--:239I '02-L+
Er
't?7781
-57 -
lb =1 '., Ut = O
\.^r{#
Ef ET
'21e7 KzZ = 'Zee+
16z (-{
ov, f Y = -?r"
+ ?,
",f,
ET 55?,3 7
'':-')L:]=L: )""f';' ;IHL:
24 ,7
t9'7
I
*'f e:
tCo'ZfU ) '57?] q+' \??3 u> = o >u t? -+o'
lut =
3'
.\l )2 :
-2
'e& li on LchJ@
2'lL
It+
[1 r;:] v; fr'a !l
-59-
M ey shf|wts.^#da,,i ##t- to"
benJ;^4 -oru# J 1L s,gporl- At'G)rtTe<hY
r,
o"l,G) Considevi'2 at'id.- d1f&rnarc
ctr: ol-6duJ*^o*ion
\J ' velul{
ar,d c-or^PaYa tL '
K Given:- (FoY
*' -'L']?- ,-*
zao itl Y 6666'67
tYt
1d-
g.,to' \ +olc /t =
p=3.ooo Ks.
1d
k\\f=tugggN05
Y-t+'
toK
rn"^^#gr'^ * o*'
lx' ?''^
?sltl 25Y-l
tL-l
pt '+=2e
tf
L5Y-I
= '+EI
K" = 'ZEI+'2e!
bE ,.LEI
-?,o Eawlituiun^ +:Ab\^
'[ET Kur =O
lnln = 25 K-+v
-5e -
'ofi\e,Ya,r +"usl
(i) bs,dlr.t..+ ax1 Y INole,: For
^-
b,siAev axia( *^,t
C
fm"*ru5
alxlr*1^{ s'{vu.
t<
5,
,?
/o
+ l{t e:tbev Evcr.- lA".hix, ?r^
fo : i, Prrg = -zE+Zt = b
e9 Pn1 --e 5 ) ?*z
5.K
E*i.ffr.d/a M#t,x, K
l)7-- l , L[t- U3 =O
V1 =1 Uz: Ug:O t.t.
209 \0 >99
2 oe u{
l
I
)>eI
'+Er c) 7a709.) ?,
?pgel uL
K77= /
- 55 555.1
u,,
\,
)DL 2C)91
9 2og7 5e t,
;59s
v
brvwal) L. . -L1 4
Sdwa , ulIt -?i, (x tD /, u.,z- .1.{('xt t; + , U^=O
,
( xlo-q) -r- Cxu L --tl tr ,) l.(. - ++
MA= Z5+kngD"(l -+C
-L
-60-
:TorivL X{lW r^ K Tn€x,\ie" +6Y'(, --
Fxo*Pln='n'g =
*^.ltl^' ) lK-#{6taY1rq"*-
;"+rix,?n ond \or,-t troodovr'
?
?t* E,?I,L
o*D
E,
P T,
L
l''t r
uL
5
tL 4u KrL = eEt/L
Krr = ffi/u+*efu=
+eL/L Yzz -- o
Kzt =
cer kz, =
e'T/t
tr
-61
V7=l , t'(1 =V2: O
flrtrA ,$ lfr"* Y".oJ-(i x, K
lrEI
T try
__t
io I
l-
e€r i o \'ry)
r \\
,ry %
rnofr::,:+
4 Ylft
#rr#6f:;w3b
^t|T\!'n
a 6ver
ffi"in+rL( Tzooo rsi
g'
K
(-
Sol,tlior"' :-
JoF[ = +x] -e*7)-3 =3
Merr',bo^.- &vcr- *atl"i\ ft-
cxt/e 4/
rlL F-t lxttlL LK
= 'jb ?-l
V-l
.S-
?^l -- 2'l'\\ - l2= 9'77 V-l
/ = -57'77
?rnz 24'?>4A
?wz= e'= -? K
nxLl/B -7--
=36 Pt
- 62-
54. + fY\-e/,J malrix
U1 = l, U2:1fg--:
Qzwuotr)lc :d}E
vl
Krr= 5zo8+ eLto = ll+59
e25o v-l
hx?pcor
Vy1 : 312t
ffi.1
--52D9 V-
Vgt = +8s
}eo+ kl Vz=t, Urt I =o
625c)
@+++?Lfit)/'v
= L+34
U3=1, l) 1=Uy ;O
Aze ffi
= (.?**
Kgz= 47Lr
7+7L
)VsZ:6lt?6:97
6r(Zoooxzooofirz/
z+"
= 434
',3125 |
I:1' r_ -l \r:
l, ns l7t9+ +7+
I l-_
ss I++
L- I
"7
-e+ -
,sq[ho4 ,delerrnina ffie- bav
y\anr-{russ '
tt'*t '+ U t-rroa\'r)t''
cohsb+)
-/
-{gl,*t,"1 ,:
-- 2
do l(t = 5+\z-Qr2+2+)
9J-llf ruots [nch; *' t<
U{ =1, II,L=O
&*E/r
i-' *
**k'= T .?sgseVu-
nA
tL*lfronv
xLv Sgi"a=
*ene -^'D
'Tszsff
7:;3t EYL
,'L
L6540^ry
= ry(+'35?5+'353s) -l'tc.]
D
oo Ktr
Kzl =+Ps35-'353s) =o
FYo'-f:ftr%tr'L":WT
-e5 --
n"fttxw
W*/> l-
b V, -<)+*,
-
n eno=i-
-tt-'7 '35,s+(
9ir,ot
,\
-fu
cAA . K22 ?- ry[+'3s 3g+3s7O
.' )+g" E
= l'1o7 ry toi1u^t, *lnJ,ri
< o . D.= lo
?1=tt
pqrr,^r\itriuv'^ qtgalro'n, YU-?) , T=?t''
'' \:'sesg?<^a
-1[-',-1 = > uz= '585??t
% [+o+ ' nl
IL u 1'+orJ Lu'l LY')
lt/tcr"bor Jotcrs
l, F'ut''
fu u,--l I
-6e -
ix, K ar"J )"t*{-
p\ane- 4rrun.
loal *ohi., Ii
It-m h]'rll--1h.
,\n
€ ig ,,,r^*^Jr)
Ur= llz=V"=uL+ = o
Nternb,r- , Bc , CD, (A + }etojorc^-
A olwah- %x
EAD, ,.ggl- -,-tq
&
,w s.o9
\q 0;29'b 'f+egBA
fr
\
'l?3g EA
Kg.=Q o6c7+"'ocefled =
k+Z = -'OeL+ CA
\-l , Vt: Vz= U?: O
.15? L
0 O ,DIMAEA e6O''G3L
.lLgL D .0r,, I
'092? EA
a
I
o0 .BYq-'r,qf
Ev'^'tilnqrru
e114"-
'07(v'o,tL '' o(t]"wr) .o7e*
.tsTL o o
o -o;lL
-lLgz-
o
o 'l?j99 -.6K1
0
'o+es .)flL _'.01t7 .lt+3f
-eg-
Exarhple- 9.{.lL :- ry shfirrt-x ^ nlkoJ, d nlurrr, n a i rr,,* joi^f
d, spto ce.rn errhs D and iF-<- baY iu" cP '
"k
ig csr'sf"g
G:
uL
.5ddien
do kt = I+x2-,QrZ+g =2-
)+u,
:oi# loe@
${{rt','. $t'i:. t. ?jr= - soxft =-447LK
\=1. Vz=o
K
f;r-t so(fr- =*22'ze
Vloxtbo.r, eD + ?nvof**
v
,o\tl f, *;.4o7 ='07sEA ,rr( ='ozEA
6h /'**'t147
.707
,ol77E A
.oog9 EA
blo"'14W,
0,h5"
W:,ff')
=g Wf 'xolr7A; 'ozeg E *
Kr, ,o\€h
\t = (o' T7+'rtg) eA ='Olfl eA .o172 El
VZ--(r!t=O
"u-r?fi^
/*tuo Iin0 = ,$9Lfll
.oft? Eh \
FA I
='05 1'.qt eg.v3
+
efr= -lo3; a
i'o:,sQ
5
*(r9 -
[i !Y iu"" o\-
"-Si
V:;l[:]=ffi"vr;ilti:,1=r:1"^
'o2('9u'
' +-'o35? uL= LfVTz/ea2u'---zt!tfe
.UL=il+05'7fEA .,
ggI OtO-z
rp =f:
=AD
JH [;"'\
'r
FL lo;)
dor t =j)
4l -
ttris nChd, redund a"t {*cu:
Oo^a.l,olnt NL ewv\de'reA a's
unKnohTn( .
#
SG{,Aon:-
dogc = 3Kl +
App\uiy, X,, = J
1xX=X
.
DL
+
-t.x,= E:7/ nl--3^,\
I
u{= JryJr =*l:q '.d* =@r 3Er t 6r-/
1^-4.Rg: ry
N*, gYL.
r*1
8- le l
lil=v:il-l: ]^ l*l
4?-
"€
"tdL
@r)
@,;
L
ry
Aeluvr'.(Y14 lk"-
Cu '"r^^ul a- 2 Q .L '.-g* flz'*'bi li+/ t'#oJ'
o"ri bPsm
Yqa.-li
"n ^k
A
* iK" idl ^Y
?rJ
(olu*i on '.- -
dosv:3xl+ Ct+r-Tx2
=1 )
Qile.aso.A g+'^^L+'ve '- -1
X,
lt&oX
AT'
h?"ol
\---)
--++ '-
PRACT! CE
lD'-zvltL
-75-
Exqy^plz-2.2.3 ,- W fle*;biti{y ynr*hod, Jeler-in- ftr.-
ffi >,"r( E * o dh 6Zu4 axiaLdgp,r^o/,r0"
o+tfiI"- !ar^€ .{.tn
"r\h)
t2'
c>loK
@l is *'-sl-"'t)
N@,
f ?0, =v;*l,?,1"375:H
I no,
Lr^ LlIfl
\G-
-75'A -
9vD
,>ro
I?'lf
t4fl:'e 1F^-
Fxor,.?le a.2.r+'- 81.$3x;bf+7^,lt4,,
t"'1"tta*'oD 'f lE
ffio'^ * o.Qo.n sidxirTo -.'5
.{olloo'^7 J'o*n.
.
.9*,+t
@@o
4\-!::P*u,
t<si, f= 6o00 tT A=zooit'
)
l2'
e ,,
[LzY
g'--3ooo^tu.oo 1,,
l.-#'
=r.ygxtl
dosi = 3K 3rQ+D-jxLr:l F,=RD
l
EF --SoOoxZoO
K
-- 6*to5
-oxt"/>
-? .1-
tvl? .*
vl
-ae-
Disdautne"JY Y
^oJY\*'
u4 = WAx* iryk&L (.,r Y-1-+x! leP
'I*
=rF* lrl
IJ
l'1+><'r1l'
+k I 51 ') llrt
3lw) ?,(? n = -'zvg 4
lo -4- 6xio>
l-' lL
=to/e^ = l.2t(o'
- l'29 ld k
='ozte3
=t-82* b'
Qr @s+r^t)
ri "'@ rs,
u
D s7lo.^rt*# nna+ri*, v
u4 =-hfr;;el 7;';6jlrt =-:o*,!:t
-EI,rxt2oxlL l"
;r: =-u+o/et
lcxibiti 17 -'&i* ' f tz(,- /o*rc+a) *zh^\u'
{,, #xt5xr sxr s-+ tzxr 5^ ts -r'?\'' to,t*)+g(Y}45
.rt\
1,7.r= I ttlc)le r = +e+t/er
=t 125+taoo*
x L a? e; s+ ru^* [ et
[ =\+*,?
^15
I I
!::W:i)l
^ l2x( ,ntE lrt =6v6+ttzu)fe1 =23
[rr= exr2 ^tzxtLn
'::l[J Y:^
v:,"::i[l HJ"Y:'
/,' -t'ss{ e
> x2= s-zs+r () , U
=rit'tfl
7 *")
-hl-r""1'V\
D.^= 1554t'
(n4 il[:fl=[;il
4ru-'
lrc- svffiov
?-2.6,a frruitiii
Fxav^y1e (4d
^&od'detzrr^i1e ociald$""
,noJun , nJ.;
'f;-fb^ry'"5"o^o
is .,,Y.*|^J)
@t
GxfDt
k) qM4
)-
17l IL
g{ruttur,'
@
t2c
-\_\<
-ro
-t-/-
>is\lacsne
DI- un Zitr 6
^tzo
NL - L*, Z^ t76xtL + Lx? x t2ox/
? *+32c)- 96+0 +5+O = -12+ZO
fln*; tifi+ *#r&f
eI[,,= ]]xt1xlzxlz + tzKl2xt Z-r]xtzxlzxl 2+ L^z^zr3
= zg4g
c',ryAbtitT a"&*^ ., lrat=-uf y/
('
< D^=i+o"
) L88s \:+tzWo + ar= +ioK C?)
L
is c--{-;;
z 4lt
e
-] a
Srt*i on:- dogL :2x3+ e4-'-?^z
Rdnose) s[vvtlu"a-
tur\4 ,
7
v T -+1
L -''-'*% -/"@ t5
d d
='* T'1
L
Er u{
EI uy
r tL
t/
tsi
li
z)t8"),J
ot t2-".a
+L -- 124 =,5'l 8t:+
'nlL)Q, ). =
-a.' )dc
-+
-{5\
t2'
,7 n- gLl+D
* 9
t2 76
EI Vo {o
zej A.x *e't
9 =
-go-
dqr; 5;li
g{
rr = {xrz{L^tL =5TC
flfo = - f,x12 xl2 Kl5 = -togo
er [t7 =-bnlut''tzfl = -7L
V zvLu ,-)
Rdnor**u')*u )+*r
h,
= hx-
t*, - I
?zo< C ^7
'@
qb *v4 2D )i s?\at'*o'-t'ro'oh i','
7)
ur= l2v.5or*ofi'.e4 { loo5.
LO; /€. 5 x lo )
a t1.x2zoxr/1 "f
*pel;,z,x,= r = 'o3L 3
L= -It.t tx 5,b' (,,L,,-16
rt.?ee{7 *,4
L
g10 L = -'OZl L
\o
t*1
lo
I
l0
,/c=1
-
9
l7' lo
@ l.
-'OO43L
{,, =-bt z Y-"to }v, I Q eLlx'o) = .go7+7
{rr= $*tz.rtz\t"l L,67xr ;) + loxlxt/
('^'o) =
-82--
w ay 4 z-
,, s*s -'bt
[
r .. *,,'aw= 1fr" Y:" ili:J= ffi l
"Q
'- ?(z - 3-gt+n 0) ', =*2'06l' t.€. Ax=z'ogt' Qrt )
h7:z'6Q
x,
iln
=[
: ]1 l, il Y:"r\= l:' il
\(O:;RSELF
pR: trtce
K
zo
I 0
K + zo', A C
50 K-{
Ege
zol f;=lOOo ,lt
lla /
zA I= eoDo
T l\= 2Oo ivrL
.-b-
-83-
E*.a*1rt1 e- fr-il'rfu ffu flcfP"J Canl' leVOr.. bW*S glror^:r,-"
?,L,lo
-- * q
Un*tt*'""o.tL".. rq cr9iffiu ,reAund^a$, (fl,.d $ltri9 nk#'{"
P")nv l" ffi* reAntL o* tf* rry
20 KN 2D xtlJ nn
G)
b
i,g[s$-*;t
[i) doge : ]/t +€*) -7*L = 7
,I
2cx5l't*
ZO
5 %
=*,
EI u, *- Fi * LoxS+ zax)
zoo
= -160 :
EJ f,, : {x 5x 5 x5 4l'L7
rn,- [,*A . '1"1
a-,
es,""fJll;t,9 Ay^'ji
:
DLUt =-ff (zx zlo f'?-c t 2aoK I
C f,,/t -*ut+'xi T
= -lC e eL, UV
*-2666' LT
2'/r -_--{ft,:3'*+
Ef f,, = $ x 2c {lD*?A z'- e , RB ):3,8q I(^J U
u^fr*bi !il/ ""Yrx*hcx^ (,, dogL:3/ I*€.D *3/'/= I
4,,*f =-ur ?X1 =€ t
-
=Z*r=*
t. € RB:
ffi-+6zs tt.r z KN/h RB: *r
'
L.ZS kN G) ./\
ets tji.
€ Lxz
00 JoE,= 3KI+(z+9 -zxz= I lr8-* =X*7
3 rn-<-(n'Jry)
Rg =tl
-8+-
ErHr= -J''*6-?)w=-f*
I
-? 41',= =-49ro
gt$,, : $t-loxfoxlc =233'2.}.
4
WAbi U\ €4Pt^Ji6^
KN
l+'gs
+xt:* %'=
t-4 t R* :t+'gs l.r' Lt)
c^]1r,4"fu
E{,wud.- Z,Z,lt ;*% F[-xibil"; + ,rnrJllnsd,
l,r.arh
yzarh-* *L D cf #r* {6tl or,.i ru '
l.i-l(N
?,5 KN
+Yr\ + +ft'.
A +*' $n
.25,re{ Ar q)
hrT "*dj
IO
urVffi,xszt
tt
^, -d ^?
, :6Lr
Dr ul = -- +@l6x*.-r LrD'* Zbtl'llu*"
,
*,*ittfe1ry;i'{::a
idi lt-- t'%s :> X1 ; +ffi=ro" Ru=l'93
-85-
Wa L3.t'tL Ho*,b;t",,17 i"J l+*-
,JD ry "nC(
q rl^- tdf6oi ry J" ar,.< u_yu+ n-iaA dqlt{*"/''k"
lo rN
* :2-
n
36{ul o1^- I desl:3X3+Gtr) +'{3
io lqy
4 \.
I
?T# J-x,:&
4\
aut*
Wh- - $xl+4*3*3: +5
er$,r= #)r+r> + *4d+*\ = 4L-
-- q;G-
h'l E:3
Lx) V'u) I=-';-uKr$
- t
c)
oxiaL
pulnxr,^ina 1F-. ,Jrl^rn ^* D ^'2
C-pwsiJ
{+^r,='*iav..
".'lrqk
Rf u
fi=)ooo
$ =z5o t!-U
I =9ooo m
-q7-
Exompl e Z.Z. 9 D-*"yrnina f,u rnorn e)\,.+ th- l;*.1
^+
S.*pport A fu, lh,- ['ra^u Shobn be)oa n4"4',ry atxid-
deforrndio"n Er i; conslan{ . G"!. ?-4oz?8.c. t+fl"u"t"")
Solulion :
7*Z+ (r+t)-
s-r*
d-OSi = Lltt) - 7t7 -l
fix-f =RB
Raleased Slru.t ra
."9F t.bS
O-' t. z,l .,
1-g - '1*-'ygd
2
Apetyi
t.6g? 5
)
'g QxSi''o )
z.Ll
,5 3't3 ',.o-&%
a# =Q
zs x
*)^.'qs-PQ'zs^fi
:
= L.oo75
G lx(z.e,l
-3'L
Eru, =-[r"f' t: 'z'+z'el
c c + t' z) + | ee+ s @'
= J'7 s x v'sxdv* *?*f
'"" (z *..c.*rz)+r.eezs@xr
2.4
",^ze Q* t'
-83-
.pqgk}z.Jf : De.levmine lh,- fo,r.. irn rnz.rnber hc oJ tte-
fousl sho^r. be)cy.o .EA is, conslant.
ZKN
S s("A p^ : E+ N 6L g*,ro*:*^; i}h
l'8 rn < 4 ':fturr
Jos L=gyL+@+r- zi1:
I
i"AC d'9
Q-e' "j) b)'s Ed'ee) Fxca
Pdeo'so) sh"c,lrYq
Go :
+l', ? -'t-'sw[c)
A
a
F'o*'++ts=o
#"3
,h
r[rn,f r*- {,5
ZlvA =o =l-5KN
Jeg, z'\ -zfl',1^:"
b-QB= t.( LIJ C'f )
Afpt:;"gilr2l
,lJ
%
ffi&tL
i * i;'t ,fi n
pA DB
+/ L
r, Skuc)"Y a 6)La9
Lo.aL oY lflembnv aW 6t@boL
-qC)-
Fo, a.-*xr s9 eleme,rl*, do,ri, ve- lffn shllne,ss
G>de |vo* fiff. *tln"it na;lYi x iy Loesl
Solqfion:
T'= T -l \
v.z. Lnr/evf n o4 f :-T?anS ?ose- ol -T
lVoru,
ry 4*Iinih oh tNg_ eo,^ r^vi A €
?:R Lt
+ T?: K Tt'(
>T-t Tl=T'KT
+Pt'klu
% J4ini l, fr., P = K t( - dL)
l(=T',<T
-gZ-
Shl|n ess I\AalviX oJ c.-l"ves-ternen in l6egl N, -
t-
Uq
\ )t
r}..l,
\ 6v
*r)
ttl:I, uz=U3 =t/+ Uy=|, =U* =O
=O, eF/u Q1 =U 3
o
.7
U3=1, L1t
-Ul-=Qq >o Vq:L , Ltt =uz:L{3 :o
o kgz= e k/u
l<43 = o
/
ep,lv
+a
in tocd
*ax-ir)
f
E|L O -Dklu
oo o
-2h/u o Dk/,
O0 o
-92 -
l< :T'Q T
L,t9trr..*
a- fr
rdvY) GXy",h6r,^2 ,tL mess vyal-\ x
<J-rn evr,l u:'r |[^ -(o ,r+ b bal aN j k u')
l< =Yeoso -IinA O o -l fe*l_ oq ol lasT 9in0 o o -l
oo
\r,,., C*O o o ll o oo o f l-s"o cosocas6en0
o lto o
I
o J lo o -$no )
coso
I
o Sinl c6i0 L
L' _l
: 0 o -
lc-og Cogb 6 I tcogg 6\n0
A
o o1x+
ls,ns o -.3in0 o \ l-g,r,s tss, 0 ot ll-
O 9in0 \
\- ror, o cog0 uul O
C-ogA
*9in0 bsq )
|tnt o finQ L:
BK
=L-
36l..r/-,'or, .
N- <x
10
5
l- t"l t- r o/
Nlc:,n buy #4 ,
lzSLt
L=td t 0 :o #2, f=llq.1qt, fi =b5:
56j
,M,
+ io' EA
EA-r
ler'\t o -l
"'K-7 o1* to L#q ;l ,-s .s
-'51xfr+ \
zl o o oo I -,s -,5 I
g\-,
t o t o\ ,[-"t -'5 '5 ,; .sJ\
,*10 o c, OJ ul-'l, -'5 '5
'rl'5 *t'f
'635
-'oll +olf r'63f
L
7
-'Dls + 63y +o3s ;o3S
B
-{-io3s _'b?s ,Fo35
-'o?t
o o .170
D o o o c>
DA
o O @ "lvo O o o
EA O
o o o o o o o
@ o o o o I o o
o o o a o o o
o o o 09 o o d
Y q ,!
gttt; y, uz= ,Tryea : gg.z/eA *Nl o4f,,y- 4isria cer^n^h
u? : z/v7 eA : zg9V/eA Wo teyo.
Bq.r Irvce-s
#3rDt3 , (>:J3so
t3f+Qu -L(.) x ei n,rfl
[+ra : W?
*u z) xeary
-97 -
[r:ffi u%] -rxeo t>s'*(% -Qx(in:rf
l'
: ? 'BB C:r)
U:- $,u,
Nk : tfr,j -;
u"i
)
co: o +Q,; - uz,) si" ol
U'>)
-l
%
V.L-l
-gg-
Beah^ sh ness rm}yi ceg
ili[Jna-rs rnCrin LWaw frun*tt
U.,
)
?9J/>
2 Krz: 4E[/t_
4er/u 6Et/t klr. = -- bE rlL-
Y+z = zer. lt-
V)=1, Q,=Vz=U+:O
t EI/* ILET/F
4T ? K33 = tzeL/ P
cs/tr n,f > = -6EI/*
.<zE{.
t
P U+ = l, Vt =u>=Q? = o
K+Q= \DI/e
*L€ tlu-
L "ovff*
.K
7* LEr19 -tzET/* 6Er/*1
,E: 3
=Vt
ET t* t+Er/L - LeLlf zEt/r
'rli I
H rli* ,-LTl
IZE
-6m1" lr-FJtr/* - e.r/*l
'-€.;/l:
;r/, L zDr/L -efi/r +er/r )
V
-99.-
E{,&mple4.7| Bt kssur^W t<_.hniqu e. lon n \he- sf,i#nesj
'"
;.+"'rIT [olru rn,*ri{ o} lF. Htoii\ vean.
lJz W Llz
g6{uh on '.
1vr cerns*ar'f )
lB5
U *EI r:rr^sta''l-
r
LrT=T
tfl.uvnboy #'1, Lt
#2, L=L,I r
, =
k='lTE;,h,* -,&to r!r/4 l( = -, Lew Ln/q
zlaerfu ++Er/L -Lfrl* z*/Ll
I
Pnn
c*t)
?. ztf Y/>1
#> -r
?L/*
l
M
|
'tsl ?/z I
'+|PL/s)
fu:n 'Wg-tfu-mdytby- lovru tlah[ co9
Cr^rirk o,i0 a;X;;/ i^a;{ i o" )
?:N
IYdl'r)
+\i,o.d o u\ I
',Wj\ :Lv;r)
Bo.lh Mr7 Amdi li ur^a -+ u,
.,er, L.t
>, M s -- o
@1,f-1 L-J /er (z
bzunda,7 rn^ilb.r"a, t6
/ 0 / ^a*;k _-
?-,
t
1rr, o
G-z
o
v o
tt
o
s o
e
-PL/g
- Iol'
bou"M? ca-n,J;ho-," b e'h #
*r\iy
+k-'"%fr;( ;, r,, <auah on
L+"a4 ^a*ri^,
F* L( :*P^
V-
i iu {;Yi*te^ e is f
I I o o c> o o b
z o I o o o o o
o o r\c o o o
*et zE'I
_C
0 c o
T o o
o o o o 1 6 o
c o o 0 zel o +EL
t- T *'7e
t f
Y -?u
-loz -
CHAPTEk 5
TnPluen
J ez Lin e-9
CT.L. )
r (unil cnrgle)
lfi:1,11
f^^6inor7figl -'a* ft
Y to
a'e cor d,
fro c"L **tenvevn \rr-
yec-u
Rola* ion ,l eduelo uni I to aj*t g,0aB:)4{ e*ton ,,* B due to
tiv.il *^ft e d A,bea
Then, M ^ : ,D4n.hon a*Bd-ue f-o unil enrgle ,.ttr[
^ vota*
=yu}ortian al B dlc fe st{.^ uu+les q*
Iri* A t[^t ruu,,.lJ yoduc.e- u'.il rr,'lra-lio. q.*A.
-lOZ -
f{.fuenee [ines ku-n otvo-"15,-ae$erl.l Shu.+uv4 &te-fr
*\Yt {4*rnt}ior" i. th. shu$uvi errvespodirq ta +tv--
s+ zs s fun.h o- 1"y ur& ch th . i nflu an .e- I inrr ej ." o D.- d"* -1 .
CD €
t' B
R4
1 +
-f 4
PB
,1
H
lfiv
M1 -'-S- \
-
Mn
.* lolt -
Exa e. E.z: Dra^-rth-,- in${u et1(e_ Lineg ol lflt, M "
Rn, Rr, Vu *4 Vc
Mx
Mc
.-t-
Mp
Pn
RB
Vp
VC
--IOD -
eXatrylzS.\ '. ha,^, *1te- tnltuev.<z livras ht Re,?B,tLn ,M8.,
M6 ,Vh and A6 ol th<- {sltoor7 cDnfinuo.rs beavn '
RE
RB
t/lA
NIB
Ma
AA
vA
*-lO6--
Qxav^vlz 5.k: Draur tFo \n|luznce-Linn, i{ \;3alol
W;FT|
*hvusl tq a_ ) L)tt,oo Vri".1:.a [xch-yta
Luto nty19&4 ,t\.ax.a 4'
lc cD d .t) ttt.-- ltW:'*
{ ,}{'; rt' &, dso 8'torro l.L.o[ M.],u,,."),Tl:""
+oY hi'.tdect rrtc]-.
" l*r*.A evcJ")
D
ieonlal-
l-hr,
Th"us{-
i-i)
lf"rieon{=t
Thvusl
i,D
t4or'ZonkJ-
-Thvusf
Ma"ororn-
-lo7-
E,*ample S.S'. Dra.r^, th.- inffu ener- l,jne-.!ov hoviz*h,Lvedz#*
J D ,t +F- totlowivtT !ra^u''
4
9
H
Eravnple- Dfat^l th. inllurznce of .Yu *y"
6,.7b d1J:,% i-";' dff
' li"g
;;:-W { r.
^il?^ /,h-*"
cL\\) trr-r'L
*^fr*il;$r tw{':it#
a
Stt,+'6h:
V:"tr) r+i,l{, Tt
pulnorr'r d: s@;
W.{ t}s
,
11
* t>
+
='oLlftEL
U(= l, Ura . tzsEJ
Kt,='i833eI
+erfi e
Vzt ; 'tz(
zI
_ .zs Fr
.aSE f,
,29 DT
l4zu -
.L _stkot' .$-^Tt"
ta
{'
t1 ) 17
*L.,
r2L r3
e -<
:--L
\)
l.->L b{-
'>s
F.f,- o -+
-lo9-
o/ r{Lf
-
o+'i, i*"*,fii"t\w,:
: u,Lp, + uzVrtu:
--
Y, V:+ q4)b H=-rrut, )(:T + +
=rl r- 36)'-*
L
rG")'] * Q'rd c-,! L:tLt+
gz'^'U* ng)
: '5lL
,W(o.tE C47W*f vc)
^+ ?' f"o*
,
t^-
Pa-sKet*,' {-.t, P"teh
lL. R. )RF
;L".Rn.,RB