Pruthvi

Industrial Application of Embedded IOT
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi – 590018
Internship Report
“Industrial Application of Embedded IOT”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted by
PRUTHVI TG(1RR20EC020)
Under the guidance of
Prof.Chaithanya.S, Assistant Professor Dept. of ECE, RRCE
Internship carried out at
Technologies Global Pvt.Ltd
Raghavendra Complex,4th block Jayanagar ,Bangalore-560059
DEPT. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

RAJARAJESWARI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
[Accredited by NBA & NAAC, affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi]
#14, Ramohalli Cross, Mysore Road, Kumbalagodu, Bengaluru-74
2023-2024
Dept of ECE 2023-24 1

RAJARAJESWARI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

[NBA & NAAC Accredited, affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi]
#14, Ramohalli Cross, Mysore Road, Kumbalagodu, Bengaluru-74
DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certified that the project work entitled “Industrial Application of embedded
IOT” is a Bonafide work carried out by PRUTHVI TG(1RR20EC039) in partial
fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication
Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year
20232024. It is certified that all corrections & suggestions indicated for internal assessment
have been incorporated in the report & deposited in the departmental library. The Internship
report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements with respect of internship
work prescribed for the said degree.
Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

Prof.Chaithanya.S Dr. L. Rangaiah Dr. Balakrishna. R
Name of the examiners Signature with date
1.
2.
Dept of ECE 2023-24 II

Dept of ECE 2023-24 III

DECLARATION
I PRUTHVI TG, student of the seventh semester, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Rajarajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore hereby declare that
the internship entitled “” has been carried out by me and submitted in the partial fulfilment of the
course requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and
Communication Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University during the academic year
2023-24.
DATE: PRUTHVI TG
PLACE: BENGALURU USN:1RR20EC039

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude towards the institute,

RAJARAJESWARI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING for forwarding my internship letter to Apsis
Solutions, Bangalore.
I would like to express my profound thanks to Dr. A. C. Shanmugam, Chairman, of

Rajarajeswari College of Engineering.
I would like to acknowledge my sincere regard to Dr. Balakrishna. R, Principal,

Rajarajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore.
I would like to express my profound gratitude to, Dr. L.Rangaiah, Professor and Head of the
Department, of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajarajeswari College of Engineering
for his consistent motivation and encouragement.
I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the internship coordinator Dr. Sumitha
Manoj, Associate Professor, Electronics and Communication Department, RajaRajeswari college
of Engineering for the encouragement and valuable guidance throughout my internship.
I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my internal guide Prof.Chaithanya.S

Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, for the encouragement
and valuable guidance throughout my internship.
I also thank Mohammad Fayaz, Technologies Global Pvt.Ltd Bangalore for accepting my
letter and allowing me to complete my internship and all staff members for their kind help extended
during the entire period of internship.
Finally, I would thank my parents, teaching and non-teaching staff of the Department of Electronics
and Communication Engineering, and every member of the Technologies Global Pvt. Ltd. family for
making me feel comfortable and helping me in every possible manner during my internship training
period.

ABSTRACT
Vision is the most beautiful and important gift from God to all his creatures
especially for human beings. But unfortunately there are some people who lack this beauty
and are unable to capture the beauty of this world from their own eyes. Third eye for blind
is a development which involves various areas such as, software engineering, hardware
designing and science that enables visually impaired persons to see and explore the world
confidently and independently by recognizing the neighbouring objects by using ultrasonic
waves and inform the person with a beep ring.
As per WHO(world health organization) 2.2 billion people suffer from vision
impairment. They are facing troubles in their lifestyle. This device can act as an innovation
for the visually impaired people. From a lot of advantages we found the property of being
reasonable within a limited cost, a very important merit of the project. The Arduino Pro
Mini 328 board is tied like a band. This is provided with ultrasonic sensor, consisting of
module. By utilizing this sensor module, the person is able to see the objects near them and
can travel effectively. At any point where this sensor senses any object, it informs the
person by beep-sound. In this way this becomes a computerized gadget. Accordingly this
gadget will be of utmost use for the blind people and can allow them to move from any
place with confidence.

LIST OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE II
DECLARATON IV
AKNOWLEDGEMENT V
ABSTRACT VI
LIST OF FIGURES X
LIST OF TABLES XII
CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Introduction 1
1.2 Literature Survey 2
1.3 Scope of The Project 3
1.4 Advantages of The Proposed System 3

CHAPTER – 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Block Diagram 4
2.2 Concept Explanation 5

2.3 HardwareDescription
2.3.1COMPONENTS:-
1. Arduino nano with cable 6
2. Ultrasonic sensor 7
3. Buzzer 8
4. Zero PCB 9
5. Vibration Sensor 10
6. Battery cap 11
7. Volt battery 12
8. Solding wire 13
9. Solding iron 14
10.Connecting wire 15

a. Wiring Instructions 18
b. Ultrasensor pin 19
c. Making the modules 20
d. Working Operation 23
e. Arduino Programming 25
f. Result 26
g. Benefits 27
CHAPTER – 3 METHODOLOGY 28
CHAPTER – 4 WORKING OPERATIONS 29
CHAPTER – 5 ARDUINO PROGRAMMING 30
CHAPTER – 6 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 31
CHAPTER – 7 RESULT
32
CHAPTER – 8
BENEFITS, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 33
CHAPTER– 9 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 35

9.1 Conclusion
9.2 Future scope
REFERENCES 37

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No Title of the figure Page no
Fig 2.2 Hardware Circuit 16
Fig 2.3 Arduino UNO Diagram 20
Fig 2.4 Ultrasonic Sensor 25
Fig 2.5 Buzzer 26
Fig 2.6 Connecting Wire 27
Fig 2.8 Methodology Of Proposed System 29
Fig 2.9 Circuit Diagram 30

COMPANY PROFILE
Technologies head-quartered in Bangalore, India is established
by technology pioneers having decades of experience across India &
Middle East in controls and automation industry The company offers a
wide range of services, related to PLC, SCADA, Industrial Automation,
Integrated Building Management System (IBMS), Lab VIEW, ETAP,
Mechanical Design (CAD/CAM/CAE), Oracle, JAVA JSP & Embedded
systems for commercial, residential and Industrial sectors. Technologies
commenced business trading as a designer and installer of multi brand
controls, automation distribution systems, providing a complete range of
Custom Installation services and has an extensive experience in the field
of complex tumkey solutions development and integration.
The offers propose, design, develop, train, install, integrate.
operate and maintain the state of the art IBMS SCADA and the PLC
automation systems and solutions. The services the company offers span
the full development integration lifecycle from definition of requirements
to field testing of implemented solutions.
Organizational Structure:
An organization structure shown in Fig 1.1 is used by the
organization to provide an overall hierarchy and reporting structure for
each job within the organization, and defines how an organization will
operate to meet its goals. For small businesses, one of several basic types
of organizational structure can provide a platform to allow for future

growth without making extensive changes to job: responsibilities,

themanagement structure or financial budgets for each area. Bureaucratic
structures and have many levels of management ranging from senior
executives to regional managers, all the way to department store managers
Since there are many levels, decision-making authority has to pass through
more layers than flatter organizations A bureaucratic organization has rigid
and hight procedures, policies and constraints. Mohammed Fayaz being the
CEO of the company, manages the entire organization Mohammed
Hansheef being the General Manager, manages and coordinates the
activities between the departments. The organization is being run my four
main departments Administrative Department, Research Department Sales
and Marketing Department and Finance Department

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
As per the definition of blindness, we mean the person without sense of sight. A
blind person has no ability to see anything. While struggling for the different levels of
comforts of the general population, we have reached to a point where we have started to
completely ignore the people who are living a miserable life due to lack of vision. They face
enormous challenges in their daily lives and hence end up living a dependent life. They
experience a completely different life from the normal people and experience detached and
uninterested conduct towards them for being physically disabled. They need other
individuals for their movement from one place to another. Sight is the basic sense of life
and therefore a person’s movement from place to place in this condition is a major
challenge for the visually impaired. The target of this task , This project for the blind or
visually impaired person will provide a gadget that is helpful to them as well as the persons
who depend on any individual due to lack of sight.
Third eye for blind task can be an innovation for the sightless individuals, it will
help them to move from here and there and among different places with confidence by
knowing the nearest obstructions while wearing the band which leaves the ultrasonic waves
which inform the person with beep-sound or vibration. It can let the person who is not able
to move and distinguish even snags due to lack of vision. They have to put on the gadget as
a band/bracelet or it can be adjusted on the dress on their body. This device can be an
innovation for the physically disabled or blind individuals. The people with physical
disability used the common way that is white cane previously that was also efficient, but it
had lot of limitations. Second approach is, having a pet, like a dog, though it is costly but is
helpful .Therefore this task, Third eye for blind will be developed as a moderate, very
productive approach to help the blind person traverse with confidence and more interest.
The device acts as an innovation for blinds which helps to solve all issues.

1.2 LITERATURE SURVEY
In the past few years, there has been innovations and development of various
techniques and devices or gadgets guiding visually impaired people, thus towards attaining
their independent or free movement around the surroundings without any other individual’s
support. Few parameters are there but they are having some limitations and restrictions. D.
Dakopoulos, N.G. Bourbakis, ”Wearable obstacle Avoidance Electronic Travel Aids for
Blind; A Survey” proposed that a relative survey among mobile obstacle detection systems
in order to inform the research community and users regarding the abilities of this project
and regarding the innovation in adaptive technology for the sightless people.
This study is based on different attributes and performance specification of this system
that arranges them in categories, offering quantitative-qualitative analysis. M.A Ungar S[5].
He proposed methods for the unsighted people of urban areas. But they didn’t consider the
people who cannot afford equipments of high cost. This drawback overcomes in Third eye
for blind. Ms Pooja Sharma [6]. She analyzed that objects can be detected, but there are
drawbacks in terms of angles and distance . On the other hand, third eye for blind has a wide
angle for the detection which can be widened with respect to the range of the sensor. Hugo
Fernandesc, Joảo Barroso”Blind Guide: an ultrasound sensor based body area network for
guiding blind people” . The research introduces supportive formula for sensing obstacles for
the sightless persons who generally take help of white-cane or the pet dog, thus for the
detection of obstacles by using this device provides a proper solution to the blinds. Based on
the Body Area Network of ultrasonic sensors that generate sound-based response, this
solution is given. Today’s Innovative world is providing many solutions to the visually
impaired for example; white-cane having a tip for assisting the movement of the blind people.
The cane has different types used in today’s technological world in the form of white cane,
laser cane and smart cane. Dogs trained for this purpose are too expensive and unaffordable
for certain people[9]. The study discovered [10] that the remote guidance system being very
hard to move hence this device will act as most optimized version.

1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
In future with the advancement of quicker response of sensors, like the usage of top
notch sensors it can be made highly useful and also the modules that one needs to wear as a
bracelet or on any other part of the body can be transformed into a wearable clothing like a
coat, so that it can be made fit for working and there can be more advancement in this
device for instance we can use piezeo electric plates in the shoes of the user which can
generate sufficient electricity that the modules can run on.

CHAPTER 2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THIRD EYE
ULTRA SONIC ARDUINO NANO

SENSOR
OBSTACLE BUZZER
Fig 2.1 Block diagram of Third Eye

Fig 2.2 Hardware Circuit of Third Eye(Obstacle Detector)

2.2 CONCEPT EXPLANATION
The third eye for Blind. The project is an innovation which helps the blind
person to move around and go from one place to another with speed and confidence
by knowing the nearby obstacles using the help of the wearable band which produces
the ultrasonic waves which notify them with buzz sound or vibrations.
2.3 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
COMPONENTS:-
1. Arduino Uno with cable
2. Ultrasonic sensor
3. Buzzer
4. Connecting wire
1. ARDUINO UNO
Uno is a microcontroller board based on 8-bit ATmega328P microcontroller. Along with

ATmega328P, it consists other components such as crystal oscillator, serial communication,
voltage regulator, etc. to support the microcontroller.
The Arduino Uno comes with USB interface, 6 analog input pins, 14 I/O digital ports that are
used to connect with external electronic circuits. Out of 14 I/O ports, 6 pins can be used for
PWM output. It allows the designers to control and sense the external electronic devices in the
real world.
Since it was first debuted, the Arduino Uno has been a huge hit with electronics enthusiasts
from beginner hobbyists to professional programmers. It is an open-source platform, means
the boards and software are readily available and anyone can modify and optimize the boards
for better functionality. The software used for Arduino devices is called IDE (Integrated
Development Environment) which is free to use and required some basic skills to learn it. It
can be programmed using C and C++ language.
Arduino UNO Features

This board comes with all the features required to run the controller and can be directly connected
to the computer through USB cable that is used to transfer the code to the controller using IDE
(Integrated Development Environment) software, mainly developed to program Arduino. So, let’s
dive into the features of Arduino Uno.
1. More frequency and number of instructions per cycle: Atmega328 microcontroller is placed on
the board that comes with a number of features like timers, counters, interrupts, PWM, CPU, I/O
pins and based on a 16MHz clock that helps in producing more frequency and number of
instructions/cycle.
2. Built-in regulation: This board comes with a built-in regulation feature which keeps the voltage
under control when the device is connected to the external device.
3. Flexibility & Ease of use: There are 14 I/O digital and 6 analog pins incorporated in the board
that allows the external connection with any circuit with the board. These pins provide the
flexibility and ease of use to the external devices that can be connected through these pins.
4. Configurable pins: The 6 analog pins are marked as A0 to A5 and come with a resolution of
10bits. These pins measure from 0 to 5V, however, they can be configured to the high range using
analogReference() function and AREF pin.
5. Quick Start: Reset pin is available in the board that reset the whole board and takes the running
program in the initial stage. This pin is useful when board hangs up in the middle of the running
program; pushing this pin will clear everything up in the program and starts the program right
from the beginning.
6. Greater Flash Memory: 13KB of flash memory is used to store the number of instructions in the
form of code.
7. Low Voltage Requirement: Only 5 V is required to turn the board on, which can be achieved
directly using USB port or external adapter, however, it can support external power source up to
12 V which can be regulated and limit to 5 V or 3.3 V based on the requirement of the project.
8. Plug & Play: There is no hard and fast interface required to connect the devices to the board.
Simply plug the external device into the pins of the board that are laid out on the board in the form
of the header.
9. USB interface: Arduino Uno comes with USB interface i.e. USB port is added on the board to
develop serial communication with the computer.
10. Power alternatives: Apart from USB, battery or AC to DC adopter can also be used to power
the board.

11. More Storage: There is a provision of Mirco SD card to be used in the boards to make them
store more information.
Arduino Uno Specifications
The specifications of Arduino Uno is as given in the table below.
Arduino Uno Specifications Table
ATmega38P – 8 bit AVR family

Microcontroller
microcontroller
Operating Voltage 5V
Recommended Input Voltage 7-12V
Input Voltage Limits 6-20V
Analog Input Pins 6 (A0-A5)
14 (Out of which 6 provide PWM
Digital I/O Pins
output)
DC Current on I/O Pins 40mA
DC Current on 3.3V Pin 50mA
Flash Memory 32 KB (0.5 KB is used for Bootloader)
SRAM 2kB
EEPROM 1kB
Frequency (Clock Speed) 16MHz
ARDUINO UNO DIAGRAM

Arduino Uno Pinout
Arduino Uno Pin Description:

There are several arduino uno pins, more specifically, I/O digital and analog pins placed on the
board which operates at 5V. But, these pins come with standard operating ratings ranging between

20mA to 40mA. Internal pull-up resistors are used in the board that limits the current exceeding
from the given operating conditions. However, too much increase in current makes these resistors
useless and damages the device.
 LED - Arduino Uno comes with built-in LED which is connected through pin 13. Providing
HIGH value to the pin will turn it ON. Providing LOW will turn it OFF.
 Vin - It is the input voltage provided to the Arduino Board. This pin is used to supply voltage. It
is different than 5 V supplied through a USB port. If a voltage is provided through power jack, it
can be accessed through this pin.
 5V - This board comes with the ability to provide voltage regulation. 5V pin is used to provide
output regulated voltage. The board is powered up using three ways i.e. USB, Vin pin of the
board or DC power jack. USB supports voltage around 5V while Vin and Power Jack support a
voltage ranges between 7V to 20V.
 GND - These are ground pins. There are more than one ground pins are provided on the board.
They can be used as per requirement.
 Reset -This pin is incorporated on the board which resets the program running on the board.
Instead of physical reset on the board, IDE comes with a feature of resetting the board through
programming.
 IOREF -It is the abbreviation of Input Output Voltage Reference. This pin is very useful for
providing voltage reference to the board. A shield is used to read the voltage across this pin
which then select the proper power source.
 PWM – Pulse Width Modulation is provided by 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 pins. These pins are configured
to provide 8-bit output PWM.
 SPI - It is abbreviation of Serial Peripheral Interface. Four pins 10(SS), 11(MOSI), 12(MISO),
13(SCK) provide SPI communication with the help of SPI library.
 AREF - It is called Analog Reference. This pin is used for providing a reference voltage to the
analog inputs.
 TWI - It is called Two-Wire Interface. TWI communication is accessed through Wire Library.
A4 and A5 pins are used for this purpose.
 Serial Communication - Serial communication is carried out through two pins called Pin 0 (Rx)
and Pin 1 (Tx).
 Rx. & Tx. - Rx (Receiver) pin is used to receive data while Tx (Transmitter) pin is used to
transmit data.

 External Interrupts - Pin 2 and 3 are used for providing external interrupts. An interrupt is
called by providing LOW or changing value.
Arduino Uno Pin Configuration:
 Serial Pins 0 (Rx) and 1 (Tx):Rx and Tx pins are used to receive and transmit TTL serial data.
They are connected with the corresponding ATmega328P USB to TTL serial chip.
 External Interrupt Pins 2 and 3:These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low
value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
 PWM Pins 3, 5, 6, 9 and 11:These pins provide an 8-bit PWM output by using analogWrite()
function.
 SPI Pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO) and 13 (SCK):These pins are used for SPI
communication.
 In-built LED Pin 13:This pin is connected with an built-in LED, when pin 13 is HIGH – LED
is on and when pin 13 is LOW, it’s off.
 Along with 14 Digital pins, there are 6 analog input pins, each of which provide 10 bits of
resolution, i.e. 1024 different values. They measure from 0 to 5 volts but this limit can be
increased by using AREF pin with analog Reference() function.
 Analog pin 4 (SDA) and pin 5 (SCA) also used for TWI communication using Wire library.
 Arduino Uno has a couple of other pins as explained below:
 AREF:Used to provide reference voltage for analog inputs with analogReference() function.
 Reset Pin: Making this pin LOW, resets the microcontroller.
Applications Of Arduino
Arduino Uno comes with a wide range of applications. Following are some of the main
applications of the board.
 Parking Lot Counter

 Arduino Uno is used in Do-it-Yourself projects prototyping.
 Embedded System
n developing projects based on code-based control

 Medical Instrument
 Security and Defense System
 Weighing Machines
 Home Automation
 Industrial Automation
 Development of Automation System
 Digital Electronics and Robotics
 Designing of basic circuit designs.
ULTRASONIC SENSOR
An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using

ultrasonic sound waves. An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and receive
ultrasonic pulses that relay back information about an object's proximity.
The ultrasonic sensor works on the principle of SONAR and RADAR system which is used
to determine the distance to an object. An ultrasonic sensor generates the high-frequency sound
(ultrasound) waves. When this ultrasound hits the object, it reflects as echo which is sensed by
the receiver. Ultrasonic sensors work by emitting sound waves at a frequency too high for
humans to hear.
They then wait for the sound to be reflected back, calculating distance based on the time
required. This is similar to how radar measures the time it takes a radio wave to return after
hitting an object.
For ultrasonic sensing, the most widely used range is 40 to 70 kHz. The frequency
determines range and resolution; the lower frequencies produce the greatest sensing range. At 58
kHz, a commonly used frequency, the measurement resolution is one centimeter (cm),
and range is up to 11 meters having an ultrasonic element alternate between emitting and
receiving signals. This type of sensor can be manufactured in a smaller package than with
separate elements, which is convenient for applications where size is at a premium.
Ultrasonic sensors are used around the world, indoors and outdoors in the harshest
conditions, for a variety of applications. Our ultrasonic sensors, made with piezoelectric crystals,
use high frequency sound waves to resonate a desired frequency and convert electric energy into
acoustic energy, and vice versa.

Fig:- Ultrasonic sensor

BUZZER:
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and
beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse
click or keystroke. When current is applied to the buzzer it causes the ceramic disk to
contract or expand. Changing the This then causes the surrounding disc to vibrate.
That's the sound that you hear. By changing the frequency of the buzzer, the speed of
the vibration’s changes, which changes the pitch of the resulting sound.
Fig:- buzzer

CONNECTING WIRE:
Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one point on a circuit to
another because electricity needs a medium through which it can move. Most of the
connecting wires are made up of copper or aluminum. Copper is cheap and good
conductivity.
The Function of Connecting Wires. Connecting wires provide a medium to an
electrical current so that they can travel from one point on a circuit to another. In the case of
computers, wires are embedded into circuit boards to carry pulses of electricity.
Fig: - connecting wire
WIRING INSTRUCTION:-
+ve of Buzzer to Arduino 12

-ve of Buzzer to Arduino GND
ULTRASONIC SENSOR:-
Ultrasonic sensor pin VCC - Arduino pin 5V
Ultrasonic sensor pin GND - Arduino pin GND
Ultrasonic sensor pin Trig - Arduino pin 10
Ultrasonic sensor pin Echo - Arduino PIN 11
MAKING THE MODULES:-
1. First cut the pref board in 5 X 3 cm dimension and solder the female headers for the
arduino to the board.
2. Then solder the buzzer.
3. Then connect header pins for ultrasonic sensors
4. Then solder everything as shown in the circuit diagram.
5. Now connect the arduino and ultrasonic sensor to the board.

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
The third eye for blind people is an innovation that helps them move around and
from one place to another with confidence by knowing the nearby obstacles using the help
of the wearable, which produces ultrasonic waves that notify them with buzz and vibrations.
We use an ultrasonic sensor, Buzzer, vibration motor, and an Arduino UNO board to make
this product, as shown in Fig.1. Whenever the ultrasonic sensor detects an object or
obstacles, it will alert the blind person by continuously giving vibration and a buzzer sound
until the path changes. Many accidents occur even while using the stick. Our project helps
blind people to recognize the objects in front of them and makes them safe. If any person
goes without others, help avoid accidents for that person. Our product is helpful to them.
When the ultrasonic sensor detects the object, the device will notify the user through
vibrations and sound beeps. The vibration intensity and beeping rate increase with a
decrease in distance. The complete methodology shown in Fig.2

Fig. 2 Methodology of the proposed system
CHAPTER 4
WORKING OPERATIONS
This proposed system consists the equipment like Arduino mini pro, ultrasonic
sensor, pref board, vibrating motor, buzzers for detecting the obstacles and letting the
user know about the obstacle, Red LEDs, Switches, Jumper cable, power bank, Male
and female header pins, 3.3 volt old mobile battery which is unused or discarded,
some elastic and stickers to make the device wearable as a band for wearing for the
users. The wiring of the device is done in a following manner.
1. One can wear the Glove in Hand and Straps in Shoulder and Legs, Since we have made
a working model, we have made a single kit.
2. After Wearing, One can direct hand towards the direction the person wants to Move.
3. When the Arduino Starts, it Runs the Program in loop
4. The Ultrasonic sensor sends Ultrasonic sound, and waits to detect the reflected waves
5. Once the waves are Detected by the sensor, it Highs (5v) echo pin
6. Through Code, Arduino calculates the Distance of the Object
7. If the Object is far, it does not Trigger the buzzer.
8. If the Object is Nearby, it triggers the beep.
9. As the buzzer beeps, one can know that the object is nearby and may collide and hence
change the Direction Accordingly.

CHAPTER 5
ARDUINO PROGRAMMING:-
#define trigPin 10
#define echoPin 11
#define buzzer 12
void setup()
{
pinMode (trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode (echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode (buzzer,OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
long duration, distance;
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW); //clears the trigger pin
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH); //sets the trigger pin
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH); //pulsein func reads the echopin
distance = (duration/2) / 29.1; //1/0.03435 = 29.1 speed of the sound
if (distance < 100) // This is where checking the distance you can change the value
{
// When the the distance below 100cm
digitalWrite(buzzer,HIGH);
tone(12,10,50); //where pin number,frequency,seconds
}

else
{ // when greater than 100cm
digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
}
delay(10);}
CHAPTER 6
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

CHAPTER 7
RESULT
The presented system is designed and configured for the use of the blind and
visually disabled people. This device is able to handle several states that the visually
impaired people face. This device responds to the user in all the circumstances which
is faced by the blind people with the help of the use of the Ultrasonic sensors and the
Arduino Board.
Case 1: When the obstacle or the object is in the left it will tell the user that: The
obstacle is in left
Case 2: When the obstacle is in right it will say: The obstacle in right. Case 3: When
the obstacle is in front, the device will say: the obstacle is in front. Similarly for all
the directions like left, right, back etc it will notify the user wearing it.

CHAPTER 8
BENEFITS, ADVANTAGES AND

DISADVANTAGES
 Benefits:
Third eye for blinds is an innovation to help blind people to navigate with greater comfort,
speed and confidence, while making use of ultrasonic waves to detect nearby obstacles and
to notify the user through vibration. This is the first wearable technology for blinds which
resolves all the problems of existing technologies.
 Now a days there are so many instruments and smart devices for visually impaired
peoples for navigation but most of them have certain problems for carrying and the
major drawbacks are : Those need a lot of training to use. The one of the main
peculiarity of this innovation is, it is affordable for everyone, the total cost being
less than $25 (~1500INR).
 There are no such devices available in the market that can be worn like a cloth and
having such a low cost and simplicity. When used on a large scale, with improvements
in the prototype, it will drastically benefit the community.
 Advantages:
 The benefit of having your third eye open is that you become more aware of the
existence of other realms, which can motivate you to continue your spiritual practice.
 They can completely avoid using a white cane or other similar gadgets by using this
device. This device will assist the blind in navigating without the use of a stick, which is
inconvenient for them. They can simply wear it as a ring or a cloth, and it will perform quite
accurately with very little training.

 Disadvantage:
 Typical disadvantages (Including the the smart devices) It is difficult to transport and
requires extensive training to use.
 Power source (Battery) need to replace after certain interval of time.  User may face
some problem due to circuit failure.
CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE

9.1 CONCLUSION:
Thus, the project, Third Eye for blind people is made sightless individuals to live
independently, so as to perform their daily activities easily and more confidently with high
level of safety. This Arduino based concept for the blind people is simple, cheap and can be
easily carried and maintained. This system is able to scan and detect the hindrances in all
directions irrespective of the height or depth the object lies at. With this project, if the
construction is done properly, the blind can enjoy the taste of sight and can move freely
from one place to another without assistance of the other individual. Thus, this project
proposed the design and architecture of a new concept of Arduino based Virtual Eye for the
blind people.
A simple, cheap, efficient, easy to carry, configurable, easy to handle electronic
guidance system with many more amazing properties and advantages is proposed to provide
constructive assistant and support for the blind and visually impaired persons. The system
will be efficient and unique in its capability in specifying the source and distance of the
objects that may encounter the blind. It is able to scan and detect the obstacles in the areas
like left, right, and in front of the blind person regardless of its height or depth.
With the proposed architecture, if constructed with at most accuracy, the blind will
be able to move from one place to another without others help.

The project as a whole was successful in developing a more durable navigation

technique apart from the existing ones. This was just a prototype of the original idea that
had to be presented here. The project, if used on a wider scale and distributed to blind
people, really has the ability to make an impact to the community.
9.2 FUTURE SCOPE:

In future with the advancement of quicker response of sensors, like the usage of top
notch sensors it can be made highly useful and also the modules that one needs to wear as a
bracelet or on any other part of the body can be transformed into a wearable clothing like a
coat, so that it can be made fit for working and there can be more advancement in this
device for instance we can use piezeo electric plates in the shoes of the user which can
generate sufficient electricity that the

REFERENCES
https://www.britannica.com/technology/sonar
https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/muhammedazhar/third-eye-for-the-blind-8c246d
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Introduction
https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-an-arduino/all
https://www.instructables.com/THIRD-EYE-FOR-BLINDS-an-Innovative-Wearable-
Techno/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino

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Industrial Application of Embedded IOT

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPT. ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Dept of ECE 2023-24 1

RAJARAJESWARI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

Name of the examiners Signature with date

Dept of ECE 2023-24 II

Dept of ECE 2023-24 III

I PRUTHVI TG, student of the seventh semester, Department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering, Rajarajeswari College of Engineering, Bangalore hereby declare that

Communication Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University during the academic year

Dept of ECE 2023-24 4

I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude towards the institute,

I would like to express my profound thanks to Dr. A. C. Shanmugam, Chairman, of

I would like to acknowledge my sincere regard to Dr. Balakrishna. R, Principal,

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my internal guide Prof.Chaithanya.S

Dept of ECE 2023-24 5

Dept of ECE 2023-24 6

1.1 General Introduction 1

1.2 Literature Survey 2

1.3 Scope of The Project 3

1.4 Advantages of The Proposed System 3

2.1 Block Diagram 4

2.2 Concept Explanation 5

Dept of ECE 2023-24 7

c. Making the modules 20

CHAPTER – 4 WORKING OPERATIONS 29

CHAPTER – 5 ARDUINO PROGRAMMING 30

CHAPTER – 6 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 31

CHAPTER– 9 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 35

Dept of ECE 2023-24 8

Fig 2.2 Hardware Circuit 16

Fig 2.3 Arduino UNO Diagram 20

Fig 2.4 Ultrasonic Sensor 25

Fig 2.5 Buzzer 26

Fig 2.6 Connecting Wire 27

Fig 2.8 Methodology Of Proposed System 29

Fig 2.9 Circuit Diagram 30

Dept of ECE 2023-24 9

Dept of ECE 2023-24 10

growth without making extensive changes to job: responsibilities,

Dept of ECE 2023-24 11

1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Dept of ECE 2023-24 12

1.2 LITERATURE SURVEY

Dept of ECE 2023-24 13

1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Dept of ECE 2023-24 14

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THIRD EYE

ULTRA SONIC ARDUINO NANO

Fig 2.1 Block diagram of Third Eye

Dept of ECE 2023-24 15

Fig 2.2 Hardware Circuit of Third Eye(Obstacle Detector)

Dept of ECE 2023-24 16

2.2 CONCEPT EXPLANATION

2.3 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

Uno is a microcontroller board based on 8-bit ATmega328P microcontroller. Along with