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    WS 1 (14.07.22)

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    Micheelle Jeanneth
    Halogenoalkanes have many chemical uses as intermediates in organic reactions. This document discusses three reactions of 1-bromobutane where it is treated with sodium hydroxide in water, ammonia in excess ethanol, or sodium hydroxide in ethanol to form butan-1-ol, butan-1-amine, or but-1-ene, respectively. It also discusses that the reaction of 1-iodobutane with sodium hydroxide would be faster than 1-bromobutane due to the longer, weaker carbon-iodine bond. Finally, it covers dichlorodifluoromethane as a chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellant and its

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    WS 1 (14.07.22)

    Uploaded by

    Micheelle Jeanneth
    12 views2 pages
    Halogenoalkanes have many chemical uses as intermediates in organic reactions. This document discusses three reactions of 1-bromobutane where it is treated with sodium hydroxide in water, ammonia in excess ethanol, or sodium hydroxide in ethanol to form butan-1-ol, butan-1-amine, or but-1-ene, respectively. It also discusses that the reaction of 1-iodobutane with sodium hydroxide would be faster than 1-bromobutane due to the longer, weaker carbon-iodine bond. Finally, it covers dichlorodifluoromethane as a chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellant and its

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    WS 1 [14.07.22]

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    Halogenoalkanes have many chemical uses as intermediates in organic reactions. This document discusses three reactions of 1-bromobutane where it is treated with sodium hydroxide in water, ammonia in excess ethanol, or sodium hydroxide in ethanol to form butan-1-ol, butan-1-amine, or but-1-ene, respectively. It also discusses that the reaction of 1-iodobutane with sodium hydroxide would be faster than 1-bromobutane due to the longer, weaker carbon-iodine bond. Finally, it covers dichlorodifluoromethane as a chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellant and its

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views2 pages

    WS 1 (14.07.22)

    Uploaded by

    Micheelle Jeanneth
    Halogenoalkanes have many chemical uses as intermediates in organic reactions. This document discusses three reactions of 1-bromobutane where it is treated with sodium hydroxide in water, ammonia in excess ethanol, or sodium hydroxide in ethanol to form butan-1-ol, butan-1-amine, or but-1-ene, respectively. It also discusses that the reaction of 1-iodobutane with sodium hydroxide would be faster than 1-bromobutane due to the longer, weaker carbon-iodine bond. Finally, it covers dichlorodifluoromethane as a chlorofluorocarbon aerosol propellant and its

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Halogenoalkanes worksheet 1

    4 Halogenoalkanes have many chemical uses, particularly as intermediates in organic


    reactions.

    Three reactions of 1-bromobutane, CH3CH2CH2CH2Br, are shown below.

    CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2

    reaction 1 reaction 2

    CH3CH2CH2CH2Br

    reaction 3

    CH3CH2CH=CH2

    (a) For each reaction, state the reagent and solvent used.

    reaction 1 NaOH (aq)


    reagent ............................................................

    water
    solvent .............................................................

    reaction 2 ammonia
    reagent ............................................................

    excess ethanol
    solvent .............................................................

    reaction 3 NaOH
    reagent ............................................................

    ethanol
    solvent ............................................................. [6]

    (b) When 1-iodobutane, CH3CH2CH2CH2I, is reacted under the same conditions as those
    used in reaction 1, butan-1-ol is formed.

    What difference, if any, would there be in the rate of this reaction compared to the
    reaction of 1-bromobutane?

    Use appropriate data from the Data Booklet to explain your answer.
    The reaction mechanism : nucleophilic substitution, SN2 mechanism.
    ..........................................................................................................................................
    Iodine and bromine, which one has bigger atomic radius? Iodine.
    ..........................................................................................................................................
    Which one has longer bond length? C-I or C-Br?C-I, because Iodine
    has longer radius, therefore the bond length of C-I is longer than C-Br.
    ..........................................................................................................................................
    C-I bond is easier to break, therefore the reaction is faster.
    ...................................................................................................................................... [3]
    Dichlorodifluoromethane, CCl2F2, is an example of a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) that was
    formerly used as an aerosol propellant. In September 2007, at the Montreal summit,
    approximately 200 countries agreed to phase out the use of CFCs by 2020.

    (c) State two properties of CFCs that made them suitable as aerosol propellants.

    1. light
    .......................................................................................
    it is gaseous, unreactive
    2. ....................................................................................... [2]

    (d) When CFCs are present in the upper atmosphere, homolytic fission takes place in the
    presence of ultraviolet light. (splitting of a molecule to form free radicals)

    (i) What is meant by the term homolytic fission?

    splitting of a molecule to form free radicals initiated by U.V light


    ..................................................................................................................................

    ..................................................................................................................................

    (ii) Suggest an equation for the homolytic fission of CCl2F2.

    .............................................................................................................................. [2]
    C-Cl bond is easier to break than C-F bond
    (e) The most common replacements for CFCs as aerosol propellants are hydrocarbons
    such as propane and butane.

    Suggest one disadvantage of these compounds as aerosol propellants.


    flammable
    ...................................................................................................................................... [1]

    [Total: 14]

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