SUGGESTED ANSWER STPM 2021 SEM 1

16. (a) BaO2 + H2SO4  BaSO4 + H2O2 [1] 19. (a) m1 : mol N2 = 1.25 / 2(14.0) @ 0.04464 mol [1]
(b) mol KMnO4 = 3.0 / [39.1 + 54.9 + 4(16.0) @ 0.01899 [1] m2 : mol Kr = 1.75 / 83.8 @ 0.02088 mol [1]
(𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑂− )(𝑉𝑀𝑛𝑂− ) 2 (0.1899)(24.85) 2 total mol = 0.004464 + 0.02088 @ 0.06552 mol
4 4
= @ = [1]
(𝑀
𝐻2 𝑂2
)(𝑉
𝐻2 𝑂2
) 5 (𝑀
𝐻2 𝑂2
)(25) 5 m3 : PV=nRT @ P (0.50 x 10-3)= (0.06552)(8.31)(45 + 273) [1]
(𝑀𝐻 𝑂 ) = 0.047 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑑𝑚−3 [1] m4 : P = 346 kPa [1]
2 2 m5 : PN2 = (0.04464) / (0.06552) x 346 @ 236 kPa [1]
(c) mol H2O2 = 0.01899 x 5/2 = 0.04748 mol [1] m6 : PKr = (0.02088) / (0.06552) x 346 @ 110 kPa [1]
Mass of BaO2 = 0.04748 x (137 x 32) = 8.023 g [1] m7 : Kr has greater partial pressure than N2 as it exert higher
% purity BaO2 = 8.023 / 8.3 x 100% = 96.7% [1] pressure [1]
17. (a) orbital of O and S 2 x [1] [2] [alternative : use PV=nRT to calculate respective P for N2 , Kr]
(b) m8 : Labelled axis ; m9 : curve for N2 ; m10 : curve Kr [3]

No of
molecules - Area of N2 must be greater than Kr
- Peak of Kr is lower and shift to left
- Base of N2 must be broader than Kr
(b) O : sp2, sp3 ; S : sp3 [2]
(c) O–H [1]
(d) hydrogen bond ; weak Van Der Waals forces [2] molecular speed (m/s)
(e) S has oxidation state of +6, which is the highest for S [1] (c) m11 : both Kr and N2 exhibit negative deviation under low T
and high P [1]
18 (a) m1 : draw y-axis labelled with energy ; draw energy level m12 : however Kr deviate more than N2 at low T and high P [1]
diagram ; line must converge with increasing energy level [1] m13 : Since Kr has greater atomic mass / size than N2 [1]
m2 : shows all transition electron dropped a n = 1 [1] m14 : Attraction forces / strength of weak Van Der Waals
m3,4 : shows the 4 arrow of how electrons dropped at n = 1 [2] forces is greater [1]
m5 : label the line with the shortest wavelength [1] m15 : cause Kr to exert pressure much lesser than expected
n= compare to N2 [1]
n= 5
20. (a) (i) m1 : order of H2O2 is first order, since unit of rate
n= 4
constant is s-1 [1]
shortest wavelength
n= 3 m2 : t1/2 = 0.693 / k [1]
m3 : t1/2 = 0.693 / 1.8 x 10-5 [1]
m4 : t1/2 = 3.9 x 105 s (2 s.f. with unit) [1]
n= 2 (ii) m5 : ln k = –EA / RT + ln A [1]
Lyman Series m6 : ln (1.8 x 10-5) = –EA / (8.31)(273 + 50) + ln 4.8 x 10 8 [1]
n= 1 m7 : EA = 83 kJ mol-1 (2 s.f. with unit) [1]
m6 : greater the energy level difference, shorter the wavelength (b) (i) m8 : I- act as homogeneous catalyst [1]
as according to Rydberg equation, 1/ = RH (1/n12 – 1/n22) [1] m9 : since I- and H2O2 are in the same state of matter [1]
(b) m7 : S : 1s22s22p63s23p4 [1] m10 : I- provide alternative route which require lower activation
m8 : Aufbau’s principle : electrons filling in from the lowest energy [1]
energy level [1] m11 : with involve in rate determining step that involved both I -
m9 : Pauli’s Exclusion principle : each orbital is filled with a and H2O2 as slow steps [1]
pair of electrons with opposite spin [1] m12 : H2O2 + I-  product (slow) [1]
m10 : Hund’s rule : in a set of degenerate orbital (orbitals with m13 : where I- is first order with respect to its concentration [1]
the same energy level) , each orbital is filled with single parallel (ii) m14 : amount of O2 is the same [1]
electron spin before pairing [1] m15 : as adding I- will only speed up reaction but will not
m11 : either state energy level 1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d produce more yield [1]
or state 2p and 3p fulfilled Hund’s rule (depend on Chief) [1]
(c) m12 – m14 : write valance electrons [3]
Ca : 4s2 ; Cr : 3d54s1 ; Co : 3d74s2
m15 : Cr and Co are from the same block, which is d-block,
since they occupied 3d and 4s orbitals [1]
 Section A
Ratio of W : O2 is 10:30 @ 1:3 ; 2CO + O2  2CO2 (ratio 2:1) ; C2H4 + 3O2  2CO2 + 2H2O (ratio 1:3)
1. B
C3H6 + 7/2 O2  3CO2 + 3H2O (ratio 1 : 3.5) ; CH3CHO + 5/2 O2  2CO2 + 2H2O (ratio 1 : 2.5)
Question did not state if electron is stable or not, hence not sure if it’s at ground state (A incorrect) producing
2. C redline or not (D incorrect) and hence electronic configuration at 1s1 (B incorrect) ; It form 3rd line from the
angle of Lyman series (C correct)
Cr Mn Ni As
3. A 5 1 5 2 8 2
3d 4s 3d 4s 3d 4s 4s24p3
4. C Diagram showing a hybridised sp orbital

5. D Lewis structure of SOCl2 is , hence it’s a polar molecule ; bent shape ; sp3 hybrid with angle lesser
o
than 109.5 due to lone pair electron repulsion
Ice is less dense than water as hydrogen bond in water is greater and stronger compare to ice ; H-F has higher
b.p than HCl as H-F molecules are hold by hydrogen bond while H-Cl molecules are weak Van Der Waals
6. D forces ; 2-nitrophenol uses hydrogen bond as intramolecular forces, while 4-nitrophenol uses hydrogen bond
as intermolecular forces hence greater b.p. ; b.p. of alcohol increase as the molecular size increase gradually
down homologous series
7. A Graphite is used as electrode due to the available delocalised electrons between layered structure
The negative gradient of melting curve indicate that as P increase, melting/freezing point decrease as particles
8. A
become closer in water hence required lower T to freeze.
𝑑[𝐵𝑟 ]
2 1 𝑑[𝐻𝐵𝑟]
Rate = − = hence rate of formation HBr = 2 x 3.52 x 10-5 = 7.04 x 10-5. At 100s, concentration
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
9. A of Br2 decrease exponentially hence its not 7.04 x 10-5. Concentration of HCOOH is irrelevant with rate of
disappearance of Br2.
Rate = k [X]a[Y]b ; compare exp 2 to 4 ; order of [X] is 2nd order while compare exp 1 : 2 [Y] is first order,
10. B hence overall order is 3rd order. After substitute rate = k[X]2[Y] in any experiment, k = 10.6 dm-6 mol-2 s-1 ;
while value of = is 0.38 mol dm-3 s-1.
Adding catalyst will only speed up rate of reaction by lowering activation energy. However, enthalpy change
11. D
will not be affected hence not affecting the equilibrium of reaction.
From equilibrium, adding catalyst will not affect H. Since both position has same number of moles of gas,
12. D hence changing pressure will not affect position of equilibrium and also based on equation KP = KC (RT)n
hence KC and KP are the same. As T increase, equilibrium shift to left as forward reaction is exothermic.
2 SO2 + O2  2 SO3 ntot = 1.33 + 0.665 + 0.67 = 2.665mol Kp = PSO32
Initial 2.0 1.0 0 PSO2 = 1.33/2.665 x 9.0 = 4.5 kPa PO2 x PNO22
13. A PO2 = 0.665/2.665 x 9.0 = 2.25 kPa Kp = (2.25)2
–0.67 –0.335 +0.67
PSO3 = 0.67/2.665 x 9.0 = 2.25 kPa (2.25) (4.5)2
At eq. 1.33 0.665 0.67
Graph shows negative deviation (b.p. higher than expected) hence Vmixture lower than expected. Attraction
14. C
between mixture is greater than pure substance ; and fractional distillation from X will produce CH3COCH3
Ethanol water mixture form positive deviation. Separating them can only be done using dehydrating agent
15. C
such as calcium oxide
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