Lesson: Past tenses, prepositions,

adverbs
•Giáo viên: Cô Lại Thị Phương Thảo
•Trường THPT CNN
•Email: phuongthaolai@flss.edu.vn
•Điện thoại: 0982012380
 PART 1: PAST TENSES

• PAST SIMPLE
• PAST CONTINUOUS
• PAST PERFECT
• PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
PAST SIMPLE: Forms

Câu khẳng S + V Ex: We had a good time in Phu Quoc

định (2/ed) island.

Câu phủ S + didn't + V Ex: He didn’t win the gold medal.

định

Câu hỏi Did + S + V? Ex1: Did you get our teacher’s

comments?
Wh- + did + S Ex2: Were they stressful before the
+ V? exam?
 USES:

• 1. To talk about single past completed actions. Often the time is

mentioned.
• A few weeks ago a woman called to a report robbery at her house.
• 2. To give a series of actions in the order that they happened:
• The burglar came in through the front door, picked up the woman’s
handbag, emptied it out and stole her purse.
• 3. To talk about past repeated actions:
• When her son got older he often went out to visit his friends after
school.
• 4. To talk about long-term situations in the past which are no longer
true.
• Bill Murphy worked for the police force for over 14 years.
 PAST CONTINUOUS
• Form:
Câu khẳng S + was/were + Ex1: I was talking on my phone when he arrived.
định V-ing
Ex2: I was watching a comedy show while my sister
was chatting with his kids.
Câu phủ S + was/were + Ex2: I was not talking on the phone when he arrived.
định not + V-ing
Câu hỏi Was/were + S + Ex3: Were you talking on the phone when he
V-ing? arrived?
Ex4: What were you doing when he arrived?
Wh- +
was/were+ S + V-
ing?
Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ/trạng ngữ thường được sử dụng để diễn đạt các chức năng
của quá khứ tiếp diễn: at + giờ + thời gian trong quá khứ; at this time (in the past); in
+ năm; in the past; when/while.
 Uses

• 1. To provide the background scene to an action or event (usually in

the past simple). We often use words like when, while and as
• It happened at five in the afternoon while she was watching the news
on TV.
• He was doing his homework in his bedroom when the burglar came
into the house.
• 2. When we want to emphasize the activity without focussing on its
completion.
• For a while last year I was working at the cinema, studying for my
degree and writing a column for the local newspaper.
Used to and would
• Form:
• Used to/ would + infinitive: She used to/would lock the door.
• Did not + use to + infinitive: I didn’t use to lock the door.
• Did….use to + infinitive? Did they use to lock the door?
Uses:
• 1. To talk about past repeated actions:
• She would leave the door unlocked whenever she was at home.
• Would is unusual in the negative form and in Yes/No questions.
• 2. We use used to to talk about permanent situations that are usually no
longer true.
• Bill Murphy used to work for the police force. (NOT Bill Murphy would work
for the police)
• We do not use used to if we want to talk about how long the situation lasted:
• Bill Murphy worked for the police for over 17 years. (NOT Bill Murphy used to
work for the police for over 17 years).
• We do not use would with state verbs.
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

Câu khẳng S + had + Vpp Ex1: I had finished my homework before mom
định got home.

Câu phủ S + hadn’t + Vpp Ex2: I hadn’t finished homework by the time
định mom got home.

Câu hỏi Had + S + Vpp? Ex3: Had you finished homework before mom
got home?
(Wh-) + had + S + Ex4: What had you done before mom got
Vpp? home?

Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ/trạng ngữ chỉ tần suất thường được sử dụng để diễn đạt
các chức năng của thì quá khứ hoàn thành:
Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before/after, for, as soon as, by, by the
end + time (in the past)
USES

• 1. Hành động diễn ra và hoàn thành trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ
(hoặc trước hành động khác trong quá khứ)
• I had finished my assignments by midnight.
• By the time he was 17, Mozart’s reputation had already begun to spread
through Europe.
• She had cooked a big dinner by the time her husband got home.
• His father was a composer and his grandfather had also been a musician.
• Words often used: Until then, by the time, prior to that time, before/after,
for, as soon as, by, by the end + time (in the past)
2. Tường thuật lại các sự kiện trong quá khứ sử dụng động từ tường thuật
The man told me he had met my father a long time before.
 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

• Form:
• S had/had not been + V-ing: She had been studying hard for ages.
• Had S been + V-ing? Had you been studying for long?
• Uses
• We use the past perfect continuous to focus on how long an activity
continued or to focus on the activity itself:
• Times were hard and the family had been struggling for some time.
(to show how long)
• Mozart’s sister was extremely gifted at the keyboard and she had
been making excellent progress.
Grammar extra

• We use the past perfect to talk about past disappointments or things

that did not happen as expected:
• The politician had expected to be re-elected, but in the end she only
got ten per cent of the vote.
• I had been hoping to go with my brother on his trip but I was too sick
to go.
PART II: PREPOSITIONS/ADERBS

• 1. Giới từ trong tiếng Anh (Prepositions)

• Giới từ là một trong những thành phần trong câu đứng trước danh từ, hoặc
sau động từ, hoặc tính từ. Bao gồm 06 cách sử dụng giới từ sau đây.
• Giới từ chỉ thời gian:
• at (thường đi với giờ) - My class normally starts at 7:30am..
• on (thường đi với ngày) - My grandpa's birthday is on the 11th of May.
• in (thường đi với tháng, năm, mùa, thế kỷ) - My study plan will start in
November.
• before (trước) - I wish to travel around the States before this November.
• after (sau) - I will let you know the result after this October.
• during (trong khoảng) - Decisions will be made during May and December
this year.
• Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn:
• at: tại (dùng nơi chốn nhỏ) - The exam will be organized at Le Van Tam
school (Kỳ thi sẽ được diễn ra tại trường Lê Văn Tám).
• in: trong (ám chỉ bên trong), ở (thành phố lớn) - My family used to live in Ha
Noi. (Gia đình của tôi đã từng sống ở Hà Nội).
• over/on/above - My just-bought books are individually on the new shelves.
(Những quyển sách mới mua được để riêng lẻ trên kệ sách mới).
• Giới từ chỉ sự chuyển dịch:
• across: ngang qua - That bird flew across the river (Chú chim bay qua sông).
• round, about, around: quanh - There is a boat around the corner of the river
(Có một con thuyền xung quanh ở góc bờ sông)
• to, into, onto: đến/ tiếp cận/ tiếp xúc bề mặt - We decided to go into that
empty house (Chúng tôi quyết định bước vào ngôi nhà vắng đó).
• Giới từ chỉ thể cách/ cách thức:
• with: với - I am keen on going out with my younger sister.
• instead of: thay vì - Instead of Maths, I prefer to choose English .
• without: không - I was not allowed to travel without passport.
• in spite of: mặc dù - In spite of her generosity, everyone takes her
help for granted
• according to: theo - I listened to my heart and chase my dreams,
according to my mother.
• Giới từ chỉ mục đích:
• to: để - I am motivated to take English courses to improve my skills (Tôi cảm
thấy động lực để tham dự khoá học tiếng Anh nhằm để cải thiện kỹ năng).
• in order to / so as to: để - She is supposed to give up his job so as to travel
around the world (Cô ấy sẽ dự định thôi việc để du lịch quanh thế giới).
• for: dùm/dùm cho – I usually read books for fun. (Tôi thường đọc sách cho
vui.)
• thanks to: nhờ vào - I can pass my driving test thanks to my classmate's
assistance (Tôi đã có thể qua kỳ thi sát hạch lái xe nhờ vào sự hỗ trợ của
người bạn cùng lớp).
• by means of: bằng phương tiện - I can reach my destination by means of a
lift given by roommates (Tôi đã đến nơi kjp lúc nhờ đi nhờ cùng người bạn
cùng nhà).
2. ADVERBS

• Trạng từ thông thường được sử dụng gần vị trí với loại từ nào mà nó bổ
nghĩa.
• She had carefully checked the bill before payment.
• Các em hãy lưu ý trạng từ chỉ thời gian thường được đặt ở cuối câu.
• She visited the new supermarket last weekend.
• Vị trí phổ biến của trạng từ:
• We have already finished our test/ I regularly visit my aunts (trước động từ
thường và sau trợ động từ).
• The test is quite difficult (trước tính từ và sau động từ “to be").
• We passed a series of exams finally.
• Luckily, we bought a ticket for this weekend's show (đứng đầu câu và riêng
lẻ).
• The test was designed so specifically that Master's students can do it very
well - (dùng trong cấu trúc so...that, nhưng bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường đó
là ‘designed' như trong câu; có thể áp dụng cho cấu trúc ‘enough', ‘too...to',
‘such...that').
Some common adverbs

Ever (hầu như), very (rất), properly (chắc chắn),

currently (hiện tại), now (bây giờ), fully (hoàn toàn),
rarely (hiếm khi), mainly (thường là), primarily (thường là),
absolutely (hoàn toàn là), closely (gần như là),
definitely (chắc chắn là), truly (đúng là),
anyway (dù sao đi nữa), hardly (hầu như không),
regularly (thông thường), essentially (một cách cần thiết là),
significantly (một cách có ý nghĩa là), certainly (chắc chắn là),
extremely (hoàn toàn là), ultimately (hoàn toàn),
eventually (hoàn toàn), never (không bao giờ),
immediately (ngay lập tức) ....
PRACTICE (HANDOUT LESSON 2)
 IDIOMS: UNIT 2 (1)_IN THE EVENING

• 1. STAY OUT: to remain away from home at night. >< stay in (to stay at home)
• On New Year’s Eve many people stay out late at night.
• There was such a bad storm last night that we decided to stay in instead of going out.
• 2. STAY UP: to remain awake at night.
• Lisa was tired to stay up for the late-night movie that she had planned to see.
• Related idiom: wait up (wait for another person to come home at night)
• I can’t believe that my parents are going to wait up until I get home tonight.
• 3. BE TIRED OUT: to be completely tired (usually at the end of the day) = Be tuckered out
• I’m sorry that I’m too tired out to attend the lecture with you tonight.
• After a hard day’s work in the yard, Mr. Coulson said, “I’m tuckered outI”.
• 4. FALL ASLEEP = DROP OFF TO SLEEP, DOZE OFF: To begin sleeping
• Tenrence fell asleep on the couch while watching a boring movie on TV.
• I like to read in the evening until I drop off to sleep around 10:00 PM
• One person in the theatre audience starting snoring after he dozed off.
5. TURN IN = GO TO SLEEP, GO TO BED:
• The Fares turn in after watching the eleven o’clock news.
6. HIT THE SACK = HIT THE HAY, CRASH OUT: to sleep
• I’m so tired that the only thing I want to do is take a shower and hit the sack.
• Arnold stumbled into the house at midnight and said, “Time to hit the hay!”
• Carla didn’t mind crashing out in her friend’s living room during her visit.
• 7. BED DOWN: to prepare a temporary bed to sleep
• The soldiers were told to bed down in the barn of an old farmhouse.
• 8. AFTER HOURS: after the normal, or permitted time
• Most large cities have a part of town where people can go after hours.
• The popular nightclub stayed open for a special after-hours party.
IDIOMS_Unit 2 (2): NUMBER AND QUANTITY

• 1. AT LEAST: at the minimum, no fewer than >< at most

• At least 50,000 people attended the rock concert in the stadium.
• That jacket selling for one hundred dollars costs thirty dollars at most to
manufacture.
• 2. BE LEFT: to remain
• How much time is left before the plane is scheduled to depart?
• 3. OR SO: approximately, about
• Lynn was disappointed when only ten or so people came to her birthday party.
• 4. A DROP IN THE BUCKET: a small or insignificant amount or expense.
• For a millionaire, the cost of a luxury car is a drop in the bucket.
• 5. THE LION’S SHARE: The majority of, most
• The lion’s share of federal taxes in the United States goes into entitlement
programs such as Social Security and Medicare.
• Bill shared some of his candy with his friends, but he kept the lion’s share for
himself.
• 6. ALL TOLD: altogether, in sum
• All told, there are twelve separate departments within the university.
• All told, the committee was able to raise over $5,000 for the charity
fund.
• 7. PILE UP: to remain unaccomplished, to accumulate
• The more I delay in doing household chores, the more they pile up.
• When Betty returned to the office from vacation, a lot of mail had
piled up on her desk.
• 8. COME UP SHORT: to have less than the correct amount.
• Darrin came up short when he counted the change that the clerk had
given him.
• When the bank teller counted the money in her drawer, she came up
ten dollars short.