Elearning-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air - RV

Trường Đại học Tôn Đức Thắng
Khoa: Quản Trị Kinh Doanh

Bộ Môn: QTKD QT
Môn: International Cargo Transportation and Insurance

Mã môn học: 706022
706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

CHAPTER 4
CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY AIR

Learning Objectives
LO1: Introduction
LO2: Airfreight Facilities
LO3: Freight in air transportation
LO4: Airfreight procedures
LO5: AWB and Legal framework
LO6: Int’l air transportation organizations

LO 1
Introduction
 Gaining in importance : global trade and

development dimension
 Weight: only around 2%  Value: from 33% to 40%
 High-value and high-tech manufactured goods,
perishables and other time-critical cargo
 Annual growth rates for 2004-2023 of around 6%
globally  improving living standards  developing
and landlocked country

Characteristics
 Rapidness  fastest mode of transport

 20 to 30 times faster than the sea-going
 5 to 10 times faster than the train,
 7 to 15 times faster than the car.
 Mobility  No Physical Barriers  shortest route
 Safety  about 10,000 m height
 International transparency and easy accessibility of
laws and regulation

Advantages vs Disadvantages
 Speed  Cost
 Safety  low  Greater risk
premium  Limitations on size of
 Arrival and departure cargo
times are consistent
 Less reliance on
storage facilities
 Standard procedures

Acceptance of Goods
• Valuable cargo
• Perishable cargo
• Wet cargo
• Live animals
• Human remain
• Personal effects
• Over sized or heavy cargo
• Dangerous cargo
• Other cargo needing special handling

Valuable cargo (VAL)
Gold bullion • Any article having a
declared value of carriage
of USD 1,000.00 (or
Legal bank notes equivalent) or more, per
gross kilogram;
Bank cards and/or credit cards • In The UK: GBP 450.00,
or more per gross
kilogram
Jewellery No special marking
Valuation charge
Diamonds applied

Perishable cargo (PER)
All commodities that by their nature are liable to deteriorate
or perish because of:
• Changes in climate, temperature or altitude
• Length of time in transit (including delays)
Chocolate, greens, dairy products, meat, deep frozen
products, fish, plants, flower bulbs, serum, vaccine, fruits
and vegetables…

WET CARGO
•Liquid in watertight containers
•Wet substances not packed in watertight
containers: fresh or frozen meat, wet hides
and skins etc…
•Substances packed in wet ice, such as
fresh, frozen fish and seafood shipments;
•Live animals from which liquid can escape
(mainly mammals with much excreta);
•Goods which may produce liquid due to
their nature.

Live animals
• Import license
• Shipper’s Certification for Live Animals
• The Convention on International Trade
of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora endangered (CITES), IATA
Live Animal Regulations (LAR)
• Packing  to fit size of live animals and
complied with the current IATA Live
Animals Regulations.

Human remain (HUM)
•Emotional aspect involved in the shipping
process  Delicate & urgent nature
•Transported as either:
 Cremated (ashes) – funeral urns protected by
a cushion packaging
 Not cremated (corpses in a coffin) – soldered
inner coffin of lead or zinc, packed in a
wooden coffin
 Cannot be consolidated with other goods

Personal effects

OVERSIZED OR HEAVY CARGO
 “Oversized cargo”  more than 1 aircraft pallet/required
special handling/equipment for loading/unloading
 “Heavy cargo”  exceeds 150 K or vary depending on the
carrier (aircraft type/airport facilities/scheduled ground time
of the aircraft)

Dangerous goods
• Class 1: Explosives
• Class 2: Compressed Gases
• Class 3: Flammable Liquids
• Class 4: Flammable Solids
• Class 5: Oxidizing substances and Organic Peroxides
• Class 6: Toxic and Infectious Substances
• Class 7: Radioactive Materials
• Class 8: Corrosive Materials
• Class 9: Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods
•The shipments are not forbidden to be transported by air.

•The shipments must be properly identified, classified, marked,
labelled and packed in compliance with IATA DGR.

Other cargo needing special handling
• Drugs to Save Life
• Air Mail, Newspaper
• Vulnerable Cargo

LO 2
Airfreight Facilities
• Air freight market

• Aircraft
• Unit Loading Device (ULD)
• Ground handling Facilities

The air freight market
• Passenger airlines (e.g., United Airlines)  the freight

capacity in the belly hold of their all-passenger-aircraft fleet.
• Combination airlines (e.g., Korean Air)  fleets with both
freighters and passenger aircraft
• Dedicated cargo operators (e.g., Cargolux)  a fleet of
cargo-only aircraft and offer regularly scheduled service
• Air freight integrators (e.g., FedEx Express) operate air and
ground freight services
• Specialized operators (e.g., Volga-Dnepr Airlines) fulfilling
niche services that cater to specific cargo requirements (e.g.,
heavy loads)
Aircraft
Narrow or Wide-body aircraft can be further divided into:
• All cargo or freighter aircraft
• Passenger aircraft
• Mixed/Combi aircraft

Narrow-body aircraft or conventional
aircraft 5.1 AIRCRAFT
• Fuselage width of about 3m (10ft) with a single aisle between

passenger seats.
• Cargo hold in the lower deck mostly carry loose (bulk) cargo
only
MAIN DECK
LOWER DECK

WIDE AIRCRAFT
 Internal cabin divided in to 3 axial groups by 2 aisles.

 Fuselage width not less than 4.72m(15ft)
 Lower deck main cargo holds are equipped to carry
palletized & containerized cargo.
 Loose cargo loaded in the bulk cargo hold
MAIN DECK
LOWER DECK

WIDE BODY AIRCRAFT

Hold and compartment

UNIT LOADING DEVICE
A ULD can be either:

 A combination of
components
 Aircraft pallet and net
 Aircraft pallet, net and
non-structural igloo
 Or
 One complete structural
unit container

Aircraft pallet, net, and non-
structural igloo

Aircraft container

Aircraft container

ULD pallets

Example 1:ULD
Volume Dimensions
Pallet Cubic Meter L x W (cm) Remarks
LD 8 6.9 153 x 244 cm FQA

LD 11 7.2 153 x 318 cm FLA / PLA
LD 7 10.6 224 x 318 cm PAG / P1P
11.6 244 x 318 cm PMC
• If you have a fresh produce packed in cartons of 60 x 40 x 20 cm

palletized on Euro pallet (120 x 100 x 16 cm) needed to be dispatched by air
using PMC- ULD. How many cartons could be fit on this ULD ?
** Disregard the weight.
Ground handling facilities
High loader/ container/pallet Self-propelled conveyor (bulk

loader cargo)
Dolly Self-propelled transporter

Airport

Airport

Airport

LO 3
Air cargo freight and charges
• The Air Cargo Tariff (TACT)

• IATA Areas & Sub-areas
• Chargeable Weight
• Rates & Charges

The Air Cargo Tariff (TACT)
WORLDWIDE
RATES
NORTH
TACT
AMERICA
RULES
GENERAL INFORMATION 1 abridged

ACCEPTANCE FOR CARRIAGE 2 complete
TRANSPORTATION CHARGES 3 complete
SERVICES & RELATED CHARGES 4 complete
PAYMENT OF RATES & CHARGES & CURRENCY 5 abridged
CONVERSION THE AIR WAYBILL 6 abridged
INFORMATION BY COUNTRIES 7 abridged
CARRIERS SPECIAL REGULATIONS 8 abridged
IATA areas and Sub areas
• 3 Traffic Conference Areas TC1,2,3  differing

economic, social and business conditions and
practices
• TC1: Western Hemisphere, TC2, TC3: Eastern
Hemisphere
• TC  divided into sub-areas or regions


Source: IATA (2019)

Example 2: IATA TC AREA

AIRLINES’ CODING
Prefix number
Coding
Egypt air : MS - 077
Codes are commonly used by Lufthansa : LH - 020

airlines on traffic documents Emirates : EK - 176
and in communications:
 Unify information about Airport British : BA - 125
and city to clearly understand about
 avoiding confusion while
dispatching
2-letter codes  Airline and
countries/states
3-letter codes  same for city
and main airport

Example 3

Example 3

Chargeable Weight (CW)
The basis of charging freight is:

• High density cargo > 1kg per
6000cm3 (366 cu.in.) or 1 lb
per 166 cu.in  CW=GW
• Low density cargo < 1kg per
6000cm3 (366 cu.in.) or 1 lb
per 166 cu.in  CW=VW
 CW = GW or VW  higher

Chargeable weight (C.W)
Step 1: Calculate the actual gross weight (GW) and the
volume (VW) of the air freight shipment
Step 2: Finalize the volumetric weight (ratio 1:6)
Step 3: Compare the gross weight with the volumetric weight
Chargeable weight is the greater value

Step 1-Gross Weight (GW)
Always round up
•0.001 kg to 0.5 kg → 0.5 kg (round up to the next half kg)
•0.501 kg to 1.0 kg → 1.0 kg (round up to the next full kg)
Volume

Example 4: Roundup these actual weight
ACTUAL WT (KG) ROUNDED UP (KG)

33.355 33.5
29.789 30
250.500 250.5
300.000 300
895.690
888.329
3278.9
1.2
0.65
876.000
ROUNDED OFF
DIMENSION VOLUME WEIGHT
DIMENSION DIVIDED BY
81.6 x 56.2 x 36.5 cm 82 x56 x37 cm 6000 28.5 kg
82 x56 x37 in
81.6 x 56.2 x 36.5 in 366 464.5 kg
81.6 x 56.2 x 36.5 in 82 x56 x37 in

166 1024 lb
31.2 x 25.7 x 14.5 in Kg
26.5 x 39.2 x 35.8 in Lb
35.6 x 59.4 x 21.4 cm Kg
20.8 x 16.6 x 38.5 cm kg
33.9 x 23.2 x 21.5 cm kg
19.5 x 22.3 x 18.8 in lb
30 ¾ x 56 ½ x 21 ¾ in lb
65 x78 x41 cm kg
28 x13 x18 in kg
Step 2- VOLUME WEIGHT /
DIMENTIONAL WEIGHT
Volume weight
Greatest (L x W x H )
Factor
cm3 : 6000  Kg
in3 : 366  Kg
in3 : 166  lb
Rounding – up
Every 0.5 kg
Every full lb
Note
Express firms (e.g Fedex, DHL…) normally calculate
volume weight as below:
• Volume weight = Volume (cbm) : 5000
• or in simple way: 1 CBM have volume weight 200
kg

Example 5-Calculate the CW
1. 3 CTNS / Dims: 22x16x45 in / GW: 325 lbs

2. 4 Drums / Diameter: 17 in, Height: 22 in/
G.W:129 lbs
3. 4 Boxes / Dims:54x42x28 cm/ G.W: 38 Kgs
4. 2 Drums / Diameter: 60 cm, Height: 120 cm/
G.W:356 Kgs
3 Crates/ Dims: 162x86x49 cm / G.W: 213.2
Kgs
5 CTNS / Dims: 66x53x49 cm / G.W: 94.7 Kgs

Example 6
Two pkgs shipped as one consignment:

GW Dim
Pkg A: 1 box 30 K 90x50x70cm
Pkg B: 1 box 60 K 50x50x120cm

Example 6
Two pkgs shipped as one consignment:

GW Dim
Pkg A: 1 box 30 K 90x50x70cm
Pkg B: 1 box 60 K 50x50x120cm
Shipped as two
individual
consignments
Example 7

Example 8

LO 3
Rates and Charges
• RATE: The amount charged by the carrier for the

carriage of a unit of weight
AF = Rate x CW
• CHARGE: The amount to be paid for the
transportation of a consignment or for incidental
service(s) in connection with such transportation
SC = Charge x GW
Surcharge: FSC/ISC

LO 3
Cargo Rates

Min……………
TYPES OF AF RATES N ( - 45 kgs )…..
+ 45…………….
General cargo rate (GCR) + 100…………..
+250……………
Specific commodity rate (SCR) Special rates for some commodities
• Valuable cargo S
• Newspapers, books, periodicals…. R
Class rates (CCR)
•Live animals S
•Human remains S
•Baggage shipped as cargo R
Rates differs from origin
to origin & for R …. Reduction rate
destination to another. S ….. Surcharge rate
706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air 60

General Cargo Rate (GCR)
• General cargo rates apply to the carriage of commodities that

have not been allocated a specific commodity rate or
commodity classification rate. General cargo rates consist of
minimum rate (M), normal rate (N), and lower charge in higher
weight (Q).
N…. - 45 Kg How many KGs are

CAI / FRA CAI / NYC covered by M ?
EGP / KG EGP / KG 45… + 45 Kg
M…… 143 M…… 170
100.. + 100 Kg M value / N value
N……. 10.10 N……. 11.10
45…... 7.60 45…... 10.50 300.. + 300 Kg
100…. 7.10 100…. 9.70
250…. 6.60 300…. 8.50 500.. + 500 Kg
500…. 8.00

From : CAIRO EG CAI Specific commodity
Egyptian Pound EGP KGS
0006…Food stuffs.
To : FRANKFURT DE M… 143
0007…Fruits & vegetables.
N… 10.10
45… 7.60 2199…Yarn, textiles.
MS…Egypt Air
100.. 7.10
250.. 6.60
Calculate the freight charges for
0006 100.. 4.80 the following air shipments from
CAI / FRA on MS:
0006 500.. 4.30
1) 200 Kg of strawberry
MS 0007 250.. 4.00 2) 350 Kg of strawberry
MS 0007 500.. 3.50 3) 200Kg of tomato paste
2199 500.. 5.50

2199 1000.. 5.00

NORMAL (N)
GCR
MIN (M)
QUANTITY (Q)

SCR
Precedence of rates and charges:
- SCR > CCR > GCR
- Lower rate applied

Specific Commodity Rate (SCR)
• Specific commodity rates are usually lower than general

cargo rates and are published for particular
commodities from a specified point of origin to a
specified destination point.
They are subject to a minimum weight restriction.
• When the class rate or the general cargo rate applicable
to the consignment is lower than the Specific
Commodity Rate, this lower rate can be applied.

Example 9- How to apply SCR

Example 10- How to apply SCR

CLASS RATES OF COMMODITY
CLASSIFICATION RATES (CCR)
Stated as a % increase (Surcharge S) or (Reduction R) in the
normal general cargo rates. Exceptions may apply to some
carriers
SURCHARGE REDUCE
• VAL TACT • NWP TACT
RULES 3.7.6 RULES 3.7.7
• AVI TACT • Baggage
RULES 3.7.2 shipped as
• HUM 3.7.9 cargo TACT
RULES 3.7.8
Commodity Classification Rate (CCR or Class Rate)
• Commodity classification rates, also known as class

rates, are published for particular commodities from a
specified point of origin to a specified destination point
and are usually shown in Surcharged (S) or Reduced
(R). Class Rates take precedence over General Cargo
Rates regardless of comparisons.

Published materials (R)
• Newspapers, Magazines, Periodicals, Books, Catalogues,

Braille-Type Equipment and Talking Books for the
Blind, 50% of normal GCR shall apply to the above
commodities and the minimum charge will be either the
minimum charge for the specified sector or the amount
you get by multiplying such discounted rate per kg by
the minimum chargeable weight, whichever is higher.
Class rates are not applicable to the carriage of calendars,

price tags and posters.

Baggage Shipped as Cargo (R)
• For carriage of baggage shipped as cargo (excluding

machinery, jewelry, cameras, merchandise and
salesman samples), 50% of normal GCR will apply,
and such baggage is subject to a minimum charge for
10 kg.
• The baggage must be delivered to the carrier no later
than the passenger's departure date, and the passenger
or his agent is responsible for customs clearance.
• Airport of destination, must be as shown in passenger’s
ticket.

Example 11
• Routing: PAR to LOS (Lagos, Nigeria) by AF
• Commodity: Live Dog
• G.W: 40 Kgs (dog + kennel) From : PARIS/ FR
• Dims: 1 kennel x 90x50x68 cm To : LAGOS/ NG
EUR/K
M… 85.00
N… 12.80
45… 9.62
100.. 5.95
CR = 150% GCR M/ N

Example 12

Example 13
The CCR for carriage between IATA

area 2 and 3 is 50% of the GCR N

Example 14
SCR 7104

Weight break point/ Break even weight
The weight at which the lower rate at a higher

minimum weight result in a lower weight charge is
call the Weight breakpoint (or weight break/ break
even weight/ break even point)
Rate of higher weight
Break even point = Higher weight x
Rate of lower weight
Example: if chargeable weight is 420 kgs
and + 300 = SGD 6
5
+ 500 = SGD 5
Then break even point = 500 x
= 416 KGs
6
As 420 > 416 upgrade the chargeable weight to be 500 kgs and apply
rate of + 500
Example 15

Valuation charge
• A charge for carriage of goods, based on the value

declared for the carriage of such goods  no liability
limitation
• In general, when the value of the shipment is in excess
of SDR17/K (Warsaw) or SDR22/K (MC99)  0.75%
must be assessed on the amount of excess of the carrier’s
liability limitation (Note: carrier may have their own
specific regulation)
• The shipper must declare a value for carriage on the
AWB
• Based on actual GW, not VW/ CW
When the shipper's "declared value for carriage" on the
Air Waybill is more than USD 20.00 (or its equivalent)
per kilogram , a valuation charge of 0.5% of the
shipper's declared value for carriage EXCEEDING
USD 20.00 per kilogram (Gross Weight) will be
charged.

Valuation charge
Valuation charge = (Declared value – Carrier’s liability x GW) x 0.75%

Example 16

LO 4
Air cargo procedures
Air waybill Number
Cargo Number of Packages

booking
Weight of the Shipment
Nature of the Goods

Dimensions/Volume/Density of the
Shipment
Airport of Departure & Arrival
Requested Routing
Reference (agent’s name and
phone number)
LO 5
Air waybill (AWB)
• AWB becomes a valid contract only after it has been

signed by both the shipper or a cargo agent on his
behalf and by the carrier
• AWB should be issued immediately upon receipt of
the goods and the letter of instructions from the
shipper.
• The shipper prepares the AWB  responsible for
the accuracy and sufficiency of the details related to
the goods listed.
• AWB  non-negotiable
• AWB  3 orginals + 9-12 copy
Functions

Air waybill (AWB)
COPY NUMBER DISTRIBUTED TO

The 1st Original (green) For Carrier
The 2nd Original (pink) For Consignee

The 3rd Original (blue) For Shipper
Copy (white) For Agent
Copy (yellow) … For destination

AWB Number
738 - 8792 3614
• 1st Part: Identify Airline
• 2nd Part: Identify the individual consignment
Check Digit Number : A single digit of the air waybill number

used to ensure that the air waybill number is correctly entered
into a computer system.
Example:
AWB # 020 – 2114 1643
 Excel: =mod(2114164,7) = 3

AWB Contents

AWB Contents
Under the Warsaw Convention 1929 the air waybill must

contain the following list of seventeen particulars
The Montreal Convention 1999 the air waybill or cargo
receipt must contain namely:
(a) "an indication of the places of departure and destination;
(b) if the places of departure and destination are within the
territory of a single [Contracting State], one or more agreed
stopping places being within the territory of another State, an
indication of at least one such stopping place; and
(c) an indication of the weight of the consignment."

The International Legal Framework

Consignor's right of disposal
A right of disposal of the goods:

+during the carriage by air and
+before the goods are delivered to the consignee
The consignor may:
+withdraw the goods at the airport of departure
or destination
+stop the goods in the course of carriage at any
landing
+ name a person other than the consignee named
in the air waybill

Air carrier's liability for loss, damage
or delay
During the time the cargo is in the charge of the
carrier
The carrier is entitled to rely on specified defences,
which he needs to prove to exonerate himself,
wholly or partly, from liability
The liability is limited to a maximum amount per
kilogram, (also called monetary cap)

Monetary cap
Warsaw 1929: 250 Fr/kg (1Fr Pháp#65.5mg Vàng

90%)
Montreal Protocol 1975: 17 SDR/kg
 The Montreal Convention 1999 (MC99) In 2009
this was increased to 19 SDRs, where it has
remained for the last decade. In November 2019,
ICAO announced the limitation on cargo damage
liability would increase to 22 SDRs/kg effective 28
December 2019.

Monetary cap
Montreal Revised limit Revised limit

Original limit
Convention (SDRs) as of 30 (SDRs) as of 28
(SDRs)
of 1999 December 2009 December 2019
Article 21 100 000 113 100 128 821

Article 22,
4 150 4 694 5 346
paragraph 1
Article 22,
1 000 1 131 1 288
paragraph 2
Article 22,
17 19 22
paragraph 3

Timely notice of complaints
A complaint to the carrier in writing in the case:
 of visible damage to the goods immediately after discovery of the
damage  at the latest within 14 days from receipt of the goods;
of other damage to the goods  within 14 days from the date of
receipt of the goods;
of delay  within twenty-one (21) days of the date the goods are
placed at his disposal; and
of non-delivery of the goods  within 120 days from the date of the
issue of the air waybill
to the carrier whose air waybill was used, or to the first carrier or to
the last carrier or to the carrier who performed the transportation
within a period of two years
LO 6
Industry regulation
The main international organizations dealing with air

cargo transportation:
ICAO
National Aviation Authorities
IATA
FIATA

ICAO - Overview 1.1 ICAO
• The International Civil Aviation Organization

• Founded in 1947, Chicago Convention.
• Under the scope of the United Nations.
• Regional offices : Paris, Dakar, Cairo,
Bangkok ,Lima & Mexico.
• Member states: 191 (Jan 2017) VIET
NAM (1980)
National Aviation Authorities
1.1 ICAO
• National Aircraft Registration

• Registration and licensing of air
carriers (AOC (Aircraft Operator
Certificate))
• Air Worthiness Certification
• Route Development
• Enforcing national and international air
regulations
• Aircraft safety & security

• International Air Transport Association
IATA • Establish In1.1
1945
ICAO
• Head office: Montreal
• 54 offices in 53 countries
• Members: 268 (Jan 2017)
• Missions:
• Representing the airline industry
• Leading the airline industry
• Serving the airline industry

FIATA- Fédération Internationale des
1.1 ICAO
Associations de Transitaires et Assimilés
• International Federation of Freight
Forwarders Associations
• Founded in 1926 ,VIENNA.
• Headquarter: Zurich
• Non-governmental Association
• Covering approximately 40,000 forwarding
and logistics firms
 Unite the freight forwarding industry worldwide
 Represent, promote and protect the interests of the industry
 Familiarise trade and industry and the public at large with the services rendered
by freight forwarders
 Improve the quality of services rendered by freight forwarders
 Assist with vocational training for freight forwarders.
Exe 1: Transportation cost
An air shipment details as follows:
Q’ty: 100 CTNs/ 1,000 PCs/ GW:980 kgs/ dims: 60 x 40
x 40 cm
Surcharge: ISC: USD 0.05 / K, FSC; USD 0.10 / K,
AWB fee: USD 2.00/ AWB
Other Charges:
• Security Screening Fee (SSC): USD 0.015/ K
• TCS Charge (TCS): USD 0.06 / K
Chương 4-Vận chuyển hàng hóa bẳng đường

105
hàng không
Further reading-Chapter 4
1. TACT
2. WARSAW CONVENTION 1929/ MC 1999
3. CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY AIR: A GUIDE TO THE
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK- UNCTAD
2006
4. Luật hàng không VN

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Trường Đại học Tôn Đức Thắng

Khoa: Quản Trị Kinh Doanh

Môn: International Cargo Transportation and Insurance

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

 Gaining in importance : global trade and

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

 Rapidness  fastest mode of transport

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

•The shipments are not forbidden to be transported by air.

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

• Air freight market

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

• Passenger airlines (e.g., United Airlines)  the freight

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

• Fuselage width of about 3m (10ft) with a single aisle between

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

 Internal cabin divided in to 3 axial groups by 2 aisles.

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

A ULD can be either:

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

LD 8 6.9 153 x 244 cm FQA

• If you have a fresh produce packed in cartons of 60 x 40 x 20 cm

High loader/ container/pallet Self-propelled conveyor (bulk

Dolly Self-propelled transporter

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

• The Air Cargo Tariff (TACT)

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

GENERAL INFORMATION 1 abridged

• 3 Traffic Conference Areas TC1,2,3  differing

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

Source: IATA (2019)

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

Codes are commonly used by Lufthansa : LH - 020

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air

The basis of charging freight is:

706022-Chapter 4-Carriage of Goods by Air