Design Thinking Pre Assignment

Wong Pei Sen A21EE0219
1. Similarities between Brown's three-phase model and InVision's 5-step model typically
include the core principles of user-centric design, iterative problem-solving, and a focus
on creativity and collaboration. Both models emphasize the importance of empathy and
understanding the user's needs before defining and ideating solutions. They also
incorporate stages for testing and refining ideas to ensure that the final product or
solution is effective and user-friendly. In short, the primary distinction between these
models often lies in the level of detail and the specific techniques or methods used in
each stage. The extended 5-step model may provide more structure and guidance on the
prototyping and testing phases, whereas the original 3-phase model provides a more
high-level overview of the process.
2. A prototype is a preliminary version of a product or solution that allows you to test and
visualize your ideas. It can take various forms, including sketches, wireframes, mockups,
physical models, or interactive digital representations. The primary purpose of a
prototype is to bring your concepts to life in a way that can be tested and refined with real
users or stakeholders.
Prototyping should be executed through Setting Clear Objectives, before we start

prototyping, define what we want to achieve with the prototype. Are we testing a specific
feature, user flow, or the overall concept? Having clear objectives will guide us for a
better prototyping process.
3. Dr. Venkataswamy Aravind's approach in establishing the Aravind Eye Care System
shares several fundamental similarities with Thomas Edison's worldview in inventing the
electrical power system. Despite operating in entirely different domains, both Aravind
and Edison were guided by a deep commitment to a mission. Aravind's mission was to
eliminate needless blindness, a critical healthcare challenge, while Edison's mission was
to make practical, everyday improvements in people's lives through technological
innovation. Both adopted an iterative problem-solving approach, constantly learning and
adapting. Aravind's journey began with a single clinic and expanded as he improved
processes and reduced costs, much like Edison's countless experiments and refinements.
They both focused on providing practical, accessible solutions for the masses. Aravind's
innovative model blends social entrepreneurship and healthcare, while Edison's
inventions, such as the light bulb, brought transformative changes to daily life. Both
leaders recognized the value of team collaboration, and their long-term visions aimed to
create lasting, positive impacts on society. In summary, while their domains were
different, Aravind and Edison shared common principles of mission-driven innovation,
practical problem solving, and a focus on accessible solutions, leaving enduring legacies
in their respective fields.
4. The primary difference between the Design Thinking approach and conventional design
methods lies in their problem-solving philosophies and methodologies. Design Thinking
places a strong emphasis on human-centricity, starting with understanding and
empathizing with the end-users' needs, desires, and challenges. It's an iterative and
collaborative approach that involves cycles of empathizing, defining, ideating,
prototyping, and testing, adapting to changing insights and requirements. In contrast,
conventional design approaches may follow a more linear path, often beginning with a
predetermined problem and solution, with less emphasis on user involvement throughout
the process.
To ensure effective solutions through Design Thinking, several factors are crucial.
These include empathy and user-centricity, which underpin the entire process,
encouraging divergent thinking to generate diverse ideas, and employing prototyping and
testing to visualize and refine concepts.
5. The formation of a multidisciplinary team is paramount in ensuring the success of design

projects. Such teams combine individuals with diverse expertise, from designers and
engineers to marketers and user researchers, each contributing their unique skills and
perspectives. In the context of design, this diversity enriches problem-solving by
addressing multifaceted challenges comprehensively. A multidisciplinary approach
fosters innovation and creativity, as team members draw from various backgrounds to
generate fresh and original ideas. Blind spots in design decisions are minimized as team
members question assumptions, validate concepts, and provide alternative viewpoints.
Crucially, a multidisciplinary team promotes a user-centric focus, ensuring that design
solutions cater to the needs and experiences of the end-users.
6. Design Thinking is a problem-solving and innovation methodology that emphasizes a

human-centric approach to design and creative solutions. At its core, Design Thinking
seeks to understand and empathize with the end-users' needs, challenges, and aspirations.
It involves a structured, iterative process that typically includes stages such as
empathizing, defining, ideating, prototyping, and testing. Ultimately, Design Thinking
aims to create effective and user-centric solutions, whether in product design, service
design, or addressing complex societal issues.

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Wong Pei Sen A21EE0219

Prototyping should be executed through Setting Clear Objectives, before we start

5. The formation of a multidisciplinary team is paramount in ensuring the success of design

6. Design Thinking is a problem-solving and innovation methodology that emphasizes a

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