Bio Report Presentation

EXPLORING
Metabolism
Lesson Outline
Introduction to Metabolism
Anabolism and Catabolism
Enzymes in Metabolism
Energy Production in Cells
Summary of Key Points

INTRODUCTION TO
METABOLISM
“Metabolism refers to a series of chemical

reactions that occur in a living organism to
sustain life”
How Does Metabolism Work?
After we eat food, the digestive system uses enzymes to:

break proteins down into amino acids
turn fats into fatty acids
turn carbohydrates into simple sugars (for example, glucose)
The body can use sugar, amino acids, and fatty acids as energy
sources when needed. These compounds are absorbed into the blood,
which carries them to the cells.
After they enter the cells, other enzymes act to speed up or regulate
the chemical reactions involved with "metabolizing" these
compounds.
ANABOLISM AND
CATABOLISM
A metabolic pathway is a step-by-step series of

interconnected biochemical reactions that convert a
substrate molecule or molecules through a series of
metabolic intermediates, eventually yielding a final
product or products.
METABOLIC PATHWAYS
There are two types of metabolic pathways:
Anabolism – build complex molecules from simpler ones and

typically need an input of energy.
Catabolism – involve the breakdown of complex molecules into

simpler ones and typically release energy.
Role of enzymes in metabolism
Enzymes are proteins that help speed up

metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our
bodies.
Each enzyme is able to promote only one type
of chemical reaction. The compounds on which
the enzyme acts are called substrates.
Enzymes operate in tightly organized
metabolic systems called pathways.
Energy Production in Cells
Cellular respiration- The process by which organisms break

down glucose into a form that the cell can use as energy.
There are two main types of cellular respiration:
Aerobic- Process that requires oxygen

Anaerobic- Process that does not require oxygen
STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose.

Glycolysis can take place with or without oxygen in a process called
fermentation
Glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvate, two molecules of ATP,
two molecules of NADH, and two molecules of water.
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm.
Krebs Cycle
Also called the citric acid cycle.

Is the second major step in oxidative phosphorylation.
After glycolysis breaks glucose into smaller 3-carbon
molecules, the Krebs cycle transfers the energy from
these molecules to electron carriers, which will be used
in the electron transport chain to produce ATP.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain is a cluster of proteins

that transfer electrons through a membrane within
mitochondria to form a gradient of protons that
drives the creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
ATP is used by the cell as the energy for metabolic
processes for cellular functions.
SUMMARY OF KEY POINTS
Metabolism refers to a series of chemical reactions that occur in a living organism

to sustain life.
TWO TYPES OF METABOLIC PROCESS
ANABOLISM -build complex molecules from simpler ones and typically need an
input of energy.
CATABOLISM- involve the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones and
typically release energy.
Metabolic pathway- is a step-by-step series of interconnected biochemical

reactions.
Enzymes- are proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions
in our bodies.
Substrates- The compounds on which the enzyme acts.
Glucose-a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living

organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - a nucleotide that captures and releases
chemical energy in the cells of all living things.
Cellular respiration- The process by which organisms break down glucose

into a form that the cell can use as energy.
THERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION:

Aerobic respiration- Process that requires oxygen
Anaerobic respiration- Process that does not require oxygen
Fermentation- can take place with or without oxygen.
STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Glycolysis- is the process of breaking down glucose.

Krebs Cycle- Is the second major step in oxidative
phosphorylation.
Electron Transport Chain- is a cluster of proteins that transfer
electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to form a
gradient of protons that drives the creation of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP).
Thank you
for listening!

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EXPLORING

Energy Production in Cells

Summary of Key Points

“Metabolism refers to a series of chemical

After we eat food, the digestive system uses enzymes to:

A metabolic pathway is a step-by-step series of

There are two types of metabolic pathways:

Anabolism – build complex molecules from simpler ones and

Catabolism – involve the breakdown of complex molecules into

Enzymes are proteins that help speed up

Cellular respiration- The process by which organisms break

There are two main types of cellular respiration:

Aerobic- Process that requires oxygen

Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose.

Also called the citric acid cycle.

The electron transport chain is a cluster of proteins

Metabolism refers to a series of chemical reactions that occur in a living organism

TWO TYPES OF METABOLIC PROCESS

Metabolic pathway- is a step-by-step series of interconnected biochemical

Glucose-a simple sugar which is an important energy source in living

Cellular respiration- The process by which organisms break down glucose

THERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION:

STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Glycolysis- is the process of breaking down glucose.

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