Arrays Break / Continue
Animal [] zoo = new Animal [4]; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
zoo [0] = new Tiger(); if (i == 4) {
zoo [1] = new Giraffe(); continue; //This skips the value of 4
… }
if (i == 6) {
String [] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford", "Mazda"}; break; //This jumps out of the for loop
System.out.println(cars.length); //Outputs 4 }
}
int [][] myNumbers = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {4, 5, 6}};
int x = myNumbers [1][2];
System.out.println(x); //Outputs 6
If...Else
Arrays.sort(cars);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(cars)); int time = 22;
//[BMW, Ford, Mazda, Volvo] if (time < 10) {
System.out.println("Good morning!");
SORTING OBJECTS WITH MULTIPLE PARAMETERS: } else if (time < 20) {
NATURAL SORTING (Created within class) System.out.println("Good day!");
public class Person implements Comparable<Person>{… } else {
@Override System.out.println("Good evening!");
public int compareTo(Person o) { }
return Double.compare(this.weight, o2.weight); //Outputs "Good evening!"
} ----> Use wrapperclass
variable = (condition) ? expressionTrue : expressionFalse;
Arrays.sort(listOfPeople); / Collections.sort(...);
int tine = 20;
ALTERNATIVE SORTING (Created in sepparate class) String result = (time < 18) ? "Good day!" : "Good evening!";
public class SortOnName implements Comparator<Person>{ System.out.println(result);
@Override //Outputs "Good evening!"
public int compare(Person o1, Person o2) {
return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
}
Switch...Case
Arrays.sort(listOfPeople, new SortOnName());
int day = 4;
switch (day) {
case 1:
Arraylist System.out.println("Monday");
break;
import java.util.ArrayList; case 2:
import java.util.Collections; System.out.println("Tuesday");
break;
public class Main { case 3:
public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Wednessday");
break;
ArrayList<String> cars = new ArrayList<String>(); case 4:
cars.add("Volvo"); System.out.println("Thursday");
cars.add("BMW"); break;
cars.add("Ford"); case 5:
cars.add("Mazda"); System.out.println("Other day");
System.out.println(cars); break;
} }
}
cars.get(0); //Acces an item
cars.set(0, “Opel”); //Change an item While loop
cars.remove(0); //Remove an item
cars.clear(); //Clear full list int i = 0;
cars.size(); //Find out number of ellements while (i < 5) {
System.out.println(i);
Collections.sort(cars); // Sort cars i++;
}
for (String i : cars) {
System.out.println(i);
}
Do - While loop
int i = 0;
Converting Array to ArrayList do {
System.out.println(i);
import java.util.Arrays; i++
}
String [] names = {"John", "Jack", "Jill", "Jane"}; while (i < 5);
List<String> list = Arrays.asList(names);
For loop
Math for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
Math.random(); //Random nr between 0.0(excl) and 1.0 (excl) }
int randomNum = (int)(Math.random() * 101); // 0 to 100
Math.sqrt(64); //Returns square root For - Each loop
a >= b //Greater than or equal to for (type variableName : arrayName) {
a == b //Equal to // code to be excecuted
a != b //Not equal to }
int nr ++; //nr + 1 String [] cars = {"Volvo", "BMW", "Ford"};
int nr += 5; //nr + 5 for (String i : cars) {
System.out.println(i);
}
Randomize list
Itterating
import java.util.Collections;
Iterator<String> iter = naamArrayList.iterator();
ArrayList<String> mylist = new ArrayList<String>();
myList.add("One"); while (iter.hasNext()) {
mylist.add("Two"); System.out.println(iter.next().toString());
myList.add("Three"); }
Collections.shuffle(myList); //[Two, One; Three]
String methods Keywords
String name1 = "cheatsheet"; ABSTRACT:
String name2 = "exam"; public abstract class ParentClass { …
//Blocks creating object ParentClass
name1.length(); //10 ----> Required use of ChildClasses
name2.concat(name1); //examcheatsheet FINAL:
name1.equals("cheatsheet"); //true //Attribute Once value is obtained, it can't be changed
name1.equalsIgnoreCase(name2); //false private final int a = 4;
name1.indexOf('e'); //2 //Methods Cannot be overriden by subclasses
name1.charAt(0); //'c' public final void doSomething() {…}
name1.toCharArray(); //Class Cannot be used for Childclasses (no extends)
char [] test = name1.toCharArray(); public final class LockedClass { …
test.toString();
name1.replace(int 1, int 2, String); INTERFACE:
//Change chars from pos1 to pos2 by string public interface dontForget { …
void method1 ();
}
//NO attribute
Exceptions //NO constructors
//ONLY methods without body
try { //Uses implements (NOT extends)
// Block of code to try
} STATIC:
catch (Exception e) { private static long counter;
// Block of code to handle errors //Fixed value for this class AND all subclasses
ex: System.out.println(e.getMessage());
} SUPER:
finally { super() //Calls default constructor
try { super(Parameter...) //Calls matching constructor
// Block of code to try !Must be first line in constructor!
}
catch (Ecxeption o) {
// Block of code to handle errors
} Stacks
TO CREATE SPECIFIC EXCEPTIONCLASS: import java.util.Stack;
public class MijnException extends Exception{ Stack <String> games = new Stack <String>();
public MijnException (){ games.add("Call of Duty");
super("DezeTekstAlsErrorBvb"); games.add("Guitar hero");
} games.add("Dragonball Z");
}
bottom middle top
THROW THE EXCEPTION UP: //[ Call of Duty, Guitar Hero, Dragonball Z ]
public boolean check (Persoon x) throws MijnException{ games.pop(); //Takes (removes) upper from list
if (x.getAchternaam().equals(y.getAchternaam())){ games.peek(); //Shows upper from list
return true; games.contains(""); //Boolean
}else { games.get(0); //Use according to index
throw new MijnException();
}
}
Queue
import java.util.Queue
Type casting
Queue <String> bbqLine = new LinkedList<String>();
Widening Casting (automatically) - converting a smaller type to bbqLine.add("Jackson");
a larger type size bbqLine.add("Jason");
byte -> short -> char -> int -> long -> float -> double bbqLine.add("Johnson");
int myInt = 9; //[ Jackson, Jason, Johnson ]
double myDouble = myInt; //Automatic casting: int to double
bbqLine.poll(); //Takes (removes) first
Narrowing Casting (manually) - converting a larger type to a bbqLine.peek(); //Shows first
smaller size type
double -> float -> long -> int -> char -> short -> byte
double myDouble = 9.78; Collections
int myInt = (int) myDouble; //Manual casting: double to int
List
ArrayList //List in order of added elements
LinkedList //List of linked lists
Upcasting / downcasting
Set --------> Collection of unique ellements
//UPcasting: HashSet //Unsorted
ParentClass name1 = new ChildClass(Parameters); TreeSet //Sorted !elements use Comparable
interface
Animal name1 = new Cat("Garfield");
name1.makeSound(); //Outputs "miauw" Map --------> Collection of unique-Key,all-Value
//Can only acces methods defined in Parent class HashMap //Unsorted
and override-methods in Child class TreeMap //Sorted by key !key class implemented
with Comparable
//DOWNcasting: only works on upcasted objects
ChildClass name2 = (ChildClass) name1;
Cat name2 = (Cat) name1;
name2.makeSound(); //outputs "miauw"
//Can acces all methods defined in Child class
AND all methods in Parent class
---> Practical use to avoid errors:
if (name1 instanceof ChildClass) {
ChildClass name2 = (ChildClass) name1;
name2.makeSound();
name2.uniqueChildClassMethod();
}
Public - Default - Protected – Private
public Visible for all
default Visible only in package
protected Visible in class- and subclasses
private Visible only in class
