직독직해 Worksheet

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및 해설

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직독직해 Worksheet

1 럭비 선수들의 댄스 타임~

① The All Blacks are / New Zealand’s national rugby team. / ② Before every

international match, / they perform / a famous war dance. / ③ It is known as the haka. /

④ The haka is a tradition / of the Maori. / ⑤ The Maori lived in New Zealand /

before the Europeans arrived. / ⑥ Haka dancers chant / and slap their bodies / while

opening their eyes wide / and sticking out their tongues. /

⑦ In the past, / the dance was performed / to scare the enemy / before a battle. /

⑧ It was also used / to ask the war god for help. / ⑨ Over time, / however, / it became /

more of a social event. / ⑩ Performing the haka / brought people together. / ⑪ It

showed / their team spirit and strength. / ⑫ Today you can see the haka / at many

events, / including weddings and funerals. / ⑬ But the best place / to see the haka / is

at an All Blacks rugby match! /

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 2 환상의 쇼에 당신을 초대합니다

① Did you know / that there is a theater / in Las Vegas / that has a giant pool? /

② This is / where the show O is performed. / ③ It was created / by a Canadian circus. /

④ O sounds like eau, / the French word / for water. / ⑤ This name is fitting / because

the show takes place / in and around water. /

⑥ 85 world-class acrobats, swimmers, and divers / use the giant pool / in their

performances. / ⑦ Gymnasts leap / through the air / on floating stages. / ⑧ Divers

jump / into the pool / from breathtaking heights. / ⑨ Teams of swimmers / move

gracefully together / underwater. / ⑩ They dance / to the music / that plays / through

underwater speakers. / ⑪ There are also 14 scuba divers / in the water / at all times. /

⑫ They help / the performers use air hoses / to breathe / beneath the surface / of the

pool. /

⑬ When you visit Las Vegas / someday, / how about seeing / this amazing show? /

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 3 하늘을 나는 축제, 이카로스 컵

① In early autumn, / the skies / in the South of France / are filled / with people

flying! / ② It is the Coupe Icare, / or the Icarus Cup. / ③ The festival began / in 1974 /

and / has been held / every year / since then. / ④ The name Icarus / comes from a

boy / in a Greek myth. / He flew with wings / made from / feathers and wax. / ⑤ Like

Icarus, / people from all over the world / come to the festival / to fly / with their hang

gliders, hot-air balloons, and even wingsuits. / ⑥ There are also / many interesting

ground events, / such as / a paper-plane contest / and / a film festival. / ⑦ The

highlight of the festival / is the masquerade contest. / ⑧ Pilots wear costumes / and /

fly in creative vehicles / that look like dragons and spaceships. / ⑨ Anyone can take

part in / this festival, / so / why not go there? /

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 4 아무나 가질 수 없어요!

① The most famous sports trophy / in the world / is given / to the winner / of the

World Cup soccer tournament / every four years. / However, / there are two different

World Cup trophies. /

② The first is the Jules Rimet Trophy. / ③ It was awarded / to the World Cup

winner / from 1930 to 1970. / ④ Each winning team / kept the trophy / for four years /

before giving it / to the next winner. / ⑤ However, / there was a special rule /—if

a team won the World Cup / three times, / they could keep the trophy / forever. /

⑥ In 1970, / Brazil won the World Cup / for the third time / and / was given / the Jules

Rimet Trophy. /

⑦ After this, / a new trophy / —the FIFA World Cup Trophy— / was designed, /

and / the special rule was changed. / ⑧ Now, / no team can keep / the FIFA World Cup

Trophy. / ⑨ Instead, / they get / a copy of the trophy. /

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직독직해 Worksheet

1 제가 아는 그 악기가 맞나요?!

① Do you know / what the longest stringed instrument in the world is? / ② It is

the Earth Harp. / ③ Musician William Close / invented it / in 1999. / ④ He turns /

buildings and natural spaces / into enormous harps. / ⑤ The Earth Harp is still listed /

in the Guinness World Records / as the longest stringed instrument. /

⑥ The harp has / a large wooden base. / ⑦ This is usually set / on a stage. / Strings

stretch / from the base / for hundreds of meters. / ⑧ They are attached / to the tops /

of theaters, buildings, and even valleys. /

⑨ The musician stands / on the stage / near the base of the instrument. /

⑩ He wears cotton gloves / coated with sticky resin. / ⑪ He runs his hands / along the

strings / and causes / them to vibrate. / ⑫ This makes a beautiful sound / that is much

deeper / than that of a normal harp. /

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 2 모두 진품이 맞아요!

① Claude Monet was / a famous French painter. / ② Here is an interesting story /

about his paintings. / ③ One day, / several people brought paintings / to court. /

④ Each of them said / their painting had been painted / by Monet. / ⑤ All of the

paintings / showed / the same scene, / but / each one was a little different. / ⑥ They

wanted / the judge to decide / which one was really painted / by Monet. / ⑦ The

judge knew a lot / about art. / ⑧ After he looked at the paintings, / he said, / “They all

were!” /

⑨ Actually, / Monet painted the same place / at different times / of the day / to

capture / the change of light. / ⑩ For example, / his most famous works of art / show

water lilies / in his garden / at different times / of the day. / ⑪ He made / about 250 /

of these water lily paintings! /

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 3 이끼로 그림을 그린다고?

① The graffiti / that we normally see / in cities / is usually made / with spray paint. /

② This paint releases / harmful chemicals / into the air. / ③ But / there is a type of

graffiti / that is eco-friendly: / moss graffiti! /

④ It uses / a special type of paint / that is made / out of living moss. (⑤ Moss is

slippery and dangerous / to walk on / when it is wet. /) ⑥ And you can make it / at

home! / ⑦ Simply gather or buy / a large amount of moss. / ⑧ Wash the soil / out of the

roots. / ⑨ Place the moss / into a blender / with yogurt, sugar, and water. / ⑩ Then /

blend this mixture / until you have / a thick, smooth, paint-like substance. /

⑪ You can now use this substance / to paint / on any surface. / ⑫ After painting, /

water it / once or twice a week. / ⑬ In a few weeks, / moss will be growing / wherever

you painted your design. /

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 4 왜 이런 별명이?

① In a painting, / a group of armed people / gather together / at night. / ② It is

Night Watch, / one of Rembrandt’s most famous works. / However, / Night Watch / is

not its official name. / ③ Its real name / is too long. / ④ So / people started / using the

name / Night Watch / because it seemed to describe / the painting / well. / ⑤ However, /

it turns out / that the nickname is wrong! / ⑥ Actually, / it is not a night scene /

at all! /

⑦ After Rembrandt’s death, / layers of varnish / were added / to the painting / to

protect it / from dirt. / ⑧ This made / the painting / look dark. / ⑨ Naturally, / people

thought / the painting showed / a nighttime event. / ⑩ In the 1940s, / however, / the

layers of varnish / were removed / and / the colors were restored / to their original

condition. / ⑪ Soon, / there were efforts / to change its nickname / into “Day Watch.” /

⑫ But / its original nickname / was already famous, / and / the painting is still called /

Night Watch / to this day! /

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직독직해 Worksheet

1 실수가 나쁜 것만은 아니야~

① Some popular foods / may have been invented / by accident. / ② According to

one story, / brownies were invented accidentally / by a woman / in the United States. /

③ She was trying to bake / a chocolate cake, / but she forgot to add / baking powder. /

④ Baking powder is the ingredient / that makes cakes rise. / ⑤ So her cake was flat. /

⑥ She served it / to her guests / anyway, / and they loved it! /

⑦ Some people say / tofu was also invented / by mistake. / ⑧ A Chinese man was

cooking / for his elderly parents. / ⑨ They had trouble chewing their food / and could

only eat soft food. / ⑩ He made soybean soup, / but they complained / it was tasteless. /

⑪ So he added salt / and cooked the soup / for a few more minutes. / ⑫ When it

cooled down, / it turned into / a delicious soybean jelly. / ⑬ His parents loved it, / and

now tofu is enjoyed / around the world. /

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 2 식당 인테리어에 이런 비밀이!

① Here are the secrets / of colors / used in restaurants! /

② Red and yellow /

③ Think about the colors / inside fast-food restaurants. / ④ There are two

common colors. / ⑤ Almost all fast-food restaurants / use red and yellow. / ⑥ Why do

they do this? / ⑦ Studies show / these warm colors / make people excited / and / cause

them to eat more! / ⑧ So / fast-food restaurants / use these colors / to make people eat

a lot. /

⑨ Green /

⑩ People think / that cool colors, / such as blue and green, / reduce their appetite /

by making them calm. / ⑪ However, / green is actually linked / to food. / ⑫ People

think of green / as the color / of nature and freshness. / ⑬ This makes it the color /

of healthy, clean food. / ⑭ So / green is used / in restaurants / that sell fresh, healthy

food. /

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 3 타이어 회사에서 만든 맛집 가이드

① “We are / in the Michelin Guide. / ② It gave us three stars.” /

③ Famous restaurants might say / something like this. / ④ It might make you

think / that Michelin is a famous chef. / ⑤ But / Andre Michelin was the president /

of a tire company / called Michelin. / ⑥ He wanted more people to travel / so that /

he could sell more tires. / ⑦ So / he gave / people / free guidebooks for trips. /

⑧ In the books, / there was information / on gas stations, hotels, and restaurants. /

⑨ The guidebooks became popular. / ⑩ People especially loved / the information /

on restaurants. / So / a team of reviewers / was created / to provide / even better

information / on restaurants. / ⑪ They visited restaurants / just like customers. /

⑫ And / they reviewed them / with a star system. / ⑬ This was the beginning / of

the Michelin Guide. / ⑭ Now / the Michelin Guide / is considered / the world’s top

guidebook. /

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 4 오믈렛에 이런 유래가?

① An omelette, or omelet, / is a simple egg dish. / ② It is made / by quickly frying /

beaten eggs / in butter or oil. / ③ There is an interesting story / about the origin / of

the word omelette. /

④ Long ago, / the king of Spain / was taking a walk. / ⑤ He felt hungry, / so / he

went into a farmer’s house / and / asked the man / to serve him a meal / quickly. /

⑦ The farmer only had / a couple of eggs. / ⑥ So / he hurriedly fried the eggs / in oil /

in a pan / for the king. / ⑧ “Quel homme leste!” / the hungry king shouted. / ⑨ In

French, / this means / “What a fast man!” / ⑩ The king had been impressed / by the

farmer’s quick work. /

⑪ This story soon spread, / and / people started to call / the dish “hommeleste.” /

⑫ Some people believe / that this turned into “omelette,” / the word / still used today. /

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직독직해 Worksheet

1 스카치 테이프가 자동차와 관계가 있다고?

① In the 1920s, / cars / with two different colors of paint / were popular. /

② Unfortunately, / this made life difficult / for car painters. /

③ First, / they painted the car / one color. / ④ Next, / they glued paper / over the

parts / of the car / that had to stay / the original color. / ⑤ Finally, / they painted the

car / a second color. / ⑥ When the paper was removed, / the car was two colors. /

⑦ However, / it was nearly impossible / to completely remove the glue / from the cars. /

⑧ So / a man / named Richard Gurley Drew / decided / to find a solution. / Two years

later, / he invented paper tape / that could be removed / cleanly and easily. /

⑨ It was a great success, / but Drew wasn’t satisfied. / ⑩ He began experimenting /

with cellophane, / a new thin, clear plastic material / used for packaging. / ⑪ In 1930, /

he invented the first clear tape. / ⑫ Today / we know his invention / as “Scotch tape.” /

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 2 시계방향이란 말, 이렇게 탄생했구나!

① Clocks are everywhere. / ② We look at them / many times / each day. / ③ Yet /

we never think about / why clock hands move / to the right. /

④ In the past, / people used sundials / to tell the time. / ⑤ A sundial casts a

shadow / onto a circular plate. / ⑥ This shadow acts / like a clock’s hands. / ⑦ In the

Northern Hemisphere, / the shadow points / to the west / in the morning / and slowly

moves / to the right. / ⑧ At noon, / it points / straight to the north. / ⑨ The shadow

keeps moving / to the right / throughout the day. / ⑩ In the 1300s, / mechanical clocks

were invented / in the Northern Hemisphere. / ⑪ So / their hands moved / in the same

direction / as a sundial’s shadow. / ⑫ Today / this direction / is known as “clockwise.” /

⑬ In the Southern Hemisphere, / however, / sundial shadows move / in the

opposite direction. / ⑭ So / if the mechanical clock / had been invented / in the

Southern Hemisphere, / clock hands / would probably move / counterclockwise! /

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 3 달을 닮은 빵

① Many people assume / that the croissant comes from France. / ② However, / it

is actually based on / a type of Austrian bread, / the kipfel. / ③ Both the croissant and

the kipfel / are shaped / like a crescent moon. / (④ When it is viewed / from Earth, /

the moon changes shape / night after night. /)

⑤ According to the legend, / the kipfel was created / in 1683 / after Austria

defeated / the Ottoman Empire / in a battle. / ⑥ The Ottomans had surrounded / the

city of Vienna. / ⑦ Luckily, / the city was protected / by tall walls. / ⑧ One night, /

an Austrian baker / heard strange sounds / beneath his bakery. / ⑨ He realized / the

Ottomans were digging a tunnel / under the city walls! / ⑩ He quickly alerted / the

Austrian soldiers. / ⑪ The tunnel was destroyed, / and the city was saved! /

⑫ To celebrate, / he made some special bread. / ⑬ It was shaped / like the moon /

on the Ottoman Empire’s flag. / ⑭ Nearly 100 years later, / the kipfel was brought / to

France, / where it became the croissant. /

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 4 오른손 좀 확인해 보겠습니다~

① When two people meet, / they often shake hands. / ② Today / this seems

perfectly normal. / ③ But / why did people start / grabbing each other’s hands / and

shaking them / in the first place? /

④ It is believed that / it started / in ancient times. / ⑥ Paintings / from as early

as the fifth century BC / show people / shaking hands. / ⑤ Many of these paintings /

show soldiers. / ⑦ So / some experts think / shaking hands was a way / of checking for

weapons. / ⑧ A person with a weapon / in his or her hand / couldn’t grab / another

person’s hand. /

⑨ Also, / people sometimes hid weapons / in their sleeves. / ⑩ If someone did this, /

moving the person’s hand / up and down / would reveal the weapon. / ⑪ Since people

usually carried weapons / in their right hands, / it was common / to always use the

right hand / in a handshake. / ⑫ Eventually, / this became / a gesture of peace /

between two people / who were meeting. /

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직독직해 Worksheet

1 태국 원숭이는 복도 많네!

① On the last Sunday / of November, / there is a big party / in Lopburi, / Thailand. /

② Chefs prepare / fresh fruit, vegetables, and ice cream / in front of a temple. / ③ The

food is served / for free. / (④ It is difficult / to keep the food fresh / in hot weather. /)

⑤ Would you like to join / this party? / ⑥ Unfortunately, / it is only for / the more

than 4,000 long-tailed monkeys / living in Lopburi! /

⑦ The people of Lopburi / hold the festival / to thank the monkeys. / ⑧ The

monkeys made / Lopburi / a famous tourist place. / ⑨ Thousands of people / visit the

city / each year / to see the monkeys. / ⑩ The local people / also believe / that giving

food to the monkeys / can bring good luck / to the town. / ⑪ For these reasons, /

people set up the buffet / for the monkeys. /

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 2 무시무시한 음력 7월!

① Some Chinese people / are superstitious / about the seventh month / of the

lunar calendar. / ② They believe / the gate / to the world of the dead / opens / at that

time. / ③ That means / the spirits of the dead / can return / to earth. / ④ So / they call /

the seventh month / the “ghost month.” /

⑤ During this time, / Chinese people worry / that bad things will happen. / ⑥ So /

they do not move / into a new house / or / get married. / Instead, / they try to make /

the ghosts / happy. / ⑦ Some people make / lots of food / for the ghosts. / ⑧ Others

burn / paper money / to give the ghosts comfort. / ⑨ They even have / a special “ghost

festival” / on the fifteenth day / of the month. / ⑩ On that day, / people put paper

lights / on rivers / to help / the ghosts / find their way / back home. /

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 3 빗자루를 왜 뛰어넘지?

① My friends / John and Olivia / had a beautiful wedding. / ② They gave rings / to

each other. / ③ That is a typical custom. / ④ But / something surprising happened / at

the party. /

⑤ “Let’s jump the broom!” / the MC said. / ⑥ I had to ask / a woman next to me /

what this meant. / ⑦ “They are going to jump over / a broom,” / she said. / ⑧ “It shows /

that they are husband and wife now!” / ⑨ She said / that jumping the broom / came

from an African-American tradition. / ⑩ During the 1800s, / marriage was banned /

among African-American slaves. / ⑪ To secretly show their love, / slaves jumped over

a broom. / ⑫ This symbolized / sweeping the past away / and / linking families. /

⑬ Times have changed, / but / John and Olivia / wanted to keep this tradition / in

their wedding. / ⑭ They even let guests try it! / ⑮ I thought / that was the best part /

of their wedding. /

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 4 누에보 다리를 보러 스페인으로~

① Many people visit Spain / for its art, history, and food. / ② One special place / in

Spain / is found / in the city / of Ronda. / ③ Every day, / people visit Ronda / to see the

Puente Nuevo bridge. /

④ The Puente Nuevo bridge connects / two parts of Ronda / which are divided /

by a deep canyon. / ⑥ Before, / there were already two bridges / over the canyon. /

⑦ However, / they were far / from the town, / so people could not go directly / from one

side of town / to the other. / ⑤ So / the king ordered / workers / to build a new bridge /

that connected the town / more directly. / ⑧ The construction was completed / in

eight months. / ⑨ Sadly, / the bridge soon fell down. / ⑩ In 1751, / construction of

a new bridge began. / ⑪ After more than 40 years, / a 120-meter-long bridge / was

completed. / ⑫ The bridge was built / with giant arches / made of stone. / ⑬ This new

bridge / was named / Puente Nuevo— / its name means / “new bridge”! /

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 06
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직독직해 Worksheet

1 키가 줄어들고 있다고?

① How tall are you? / ④ Surprisingly, / your answer depends on / what time of day /

you measure yourself. / ③ It may sound strange, / but you’re actually taller / in the

morning / than you are / in the evening. / ② This is because / your spine contains /

33 small bones / that are connected / by discs. / ⑤ These discs are soft / and contain

liquid. / ⑥ They allow / your spine to easily move / in many directions. /

⑦ During the day, / gravity pulls / the bones of your spine / downward. / ⑧ They

squeeze the discs / and make them flatter. / ⑨ As a result, / you become / up to one

centimeter / shorter. / ⑩ When you lie down / to sleep, / however, / gravity no longer

causes / the bones to squeeze the discs. / ⑪ The discs get thicker, / and you gain back /

your lost height. /

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 2 이게 정말 내 목소리라니!

① Do you remember / the first time you heard / a recording / of your own voice? /

② You were probably surprised / by how it sounded. / But / that’s how your voice

sounds / to other people. / ③ The reason is / that sound travels / in waves. /

④ When another person speaks, / the sound waves travel / through the air. /

⑤ When they reach your ears, / you hear them. / ⑥ But / when you speak, / the sound

waves also move / through the bones / of your head. / ⑦ So / they reach your ears / in

two different ways, / which makes / your voice / sound lower and stronger. /

⑧ On the other hand, / when you hear a recording / of your voice, / the sound

waves are traveling / only through the air. / ⑨ So / your voice sounds / higher and

weaker. / ⑩ For this reason, / many people don’t like / to hear recordings / of their

own voice. /

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 3 영화를 보는데 왜 멀미가 나지?

① Have you ever felt sick / while you were watching / a 3D movie / in a theater? /

② If so, / you experienced cybersickness. / ③ It is similar to motion sickness. / ④ It is

caused / by a difference / in the information / received by / your eyes and your sense of

balance. / ⑤ The scenes of the film / move / in front of your eyes. / ⑥ So / your brain

thinks / that you are moving too. / ⑦ But / your body is actually sitting / in one place. /

⑧ This makes / your brain / confused. / ⑨ As a result, / you get cybersickness. /

⑩ You may start / to feel dizzy. / ⑪ You may sweat / or / even vomit. / ⑫ The best way /

to cure this sickness / is to stop / watching the movie. / ⑬ If that is not possible, / close

your eyes / for a moment / or / look away / from the screen. / ⑭ You will feel better

soon. /

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 4 맛을 느끼려면 협력이 필요해

① When you have / a stuffed nose, / you cannot taste well. / ② Why is this? /

③ It is because / your nose helps you taste. / ④ The taste buds / on your tongue / only

recognize basic tastes, / such as sweet, sour, bitter, and salty. / The rest of the taste /

comes from smelling. / ⑤ When you eat something, / the scent of the food / goes into

your nose / and / stimulates the nerve cells / in it. / ⑥ Then / these send information /

about the taste / to the brain. / ⑦ However, / when your nose is stuffed, / the scent

cannot reach / the nerve cells / because of the mucus. / ⑧ So / you cannot taste the

food / well. /

⑨ Then, / does holding your nose work / when you want to avoid / tasting bitter

medicine? / ⑩ It does not / because we don’t use / our sense of smell / when tasting

bitter flavors! /

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 07
SECTION
직독직해 Worksheet

1 요리법을 드립니다!

① For many years, / Hellmann’s was / the best-selling mayonnaise brand / in

Brazil. / ② Nearly everyone chose Hellmann’s / for their sandwiches. / ③ However, /

Hellmann’s had a problem; / it was popular / on sandwiches / and nothing else! /

④ To change this, / the company decided / to try a new marketing idea. / ⑤ It put

software / in 100 grocery stores. / The software ran / whenever a jar of Hellmann’s

mayonnaise / was scanned. / ⑥ First, / it checked / the customer’s other items. /

⑦ Then / the software / tried to find a recipe / that used those items / with mayonnaise. /

⑧ If a matching recipe was found, / it was printed / on the customer’s receipt. /

⑨ So imagine / that a customer bought / rice, tuna, cheese, an avocado, and

Hellmann’s mayonnaise. / ⑩ The program might print / a recipe for California rolls. /

⑪ In stores / with this software, / Hellmann’s sales rose sharply. /

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 2 친구 따라 물건을 산다고?

① When a product becomes popular, / do you buy it / even if you do not need it? /

② If so, / you are experiencing / the “bandwagon effect.” /

③ The term comes from / American parades. / ④ In the past, / bandwagons would

carry a band. / ⑤ When people heard the music, / they followed the bandwagon. /

Soon, / more and more people gathered, / and / they formed a big crowd. / ⑥ But /

most of them did not know / why they had joined the crowd. /

⑦ These days, / the term “bandwagon effect” is used / to describe the act / of

people / doing something / just because others are doing it. / ⑧ We can see this / in

our daily lives. / ⑨ Advertisements / that say things like / “Ten bottles are sold / every

second” / also use this effect. / ⑩ But / you should not buy things / just because others

do. / ⑪ Make sure / you buy items / only when you need them! /

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 3 제품보다는 이미지!

① In the 1950s, / an instant-coffee company / found out / an interesting fact. /

② Housewives preferred / ground coffee beans / to instant coffee. / ③ The company

guessed / they liked the taste of coffee / brewed from ground coffee beans. /

④ However, / taste tests showed / that they could not tell the difference / between the

two types. / ⑤ So / the company did another study / to find out the reason. / ⑥ In the

study, / housewives looked at / two shopping lists. / ⑦ The lists were the same / except

for one item. / ⑧ One included instant coffee / while the other included ground coffee

beans. / ⑨ The housewives were asked / to describe the woman / who had written

each list. / ⑩ They said / that the one / buying instant coffee / seemed lazy. / ⑪ They

thought / the instant coffee was easy to make, / so / a woman / who did not want to

spend time / cooking for her family / would buy it! / ⑫ For this reason, / the company

started to advertise / like this: / ⑬ “This instant coffee is very convenient. / ⑭ It will

help / you / spend more time / with your family!” /

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 4 지글거리는 스테이크

① It is Friday night. / ② You enter / your favorite steak restaurant. / ③ You can

smell / the delicious food. / ④ There is an open kitchen, / so / you can see the chef

cooking. / ⑤ He puts a piece of meat / on the hot grill. / ⑥ It makes a sizzling sound /

and / turns brown. / ⑦ All of these things / make your mouth water. /

⑨ Many restaurants know / that tasty food is not enough / to attract customers. /

⑩ The sights, smells, and sounds / of the food / all / affect a customer’s experience. /

⑧ So / restaurants use these / to get more customers. / ⑪ If the entire experience is

good, / customers enjoy the food / even more! /

⑫ So / when you visit / your favorite restaurant, / do not just taste the food. /

⑬ Pay attention to / how the restaurant satisfies / your other senses. / ⑭ Keep / your

eyes, ears, and nose open / for a sizzling experience! /

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 08
SECTION
직독직해 Worksheet

1 나무도 일기를 쓴대요~

① Every year, / a tree gains / a new layer of wood / called a tree ring. / ② So / you

can learn / the age of a tree / by counting its rings. / ③ You can also use these rings / to

learn about the local climate / in the past. /

④ Trees need / lots of / rain, warm temperatures, and sunlight / to grow well. /

⑤ So, / trees grow a lot / when they have / all these things. / ⑥ This gives / them / wide

rings. / ⑦ However, / trees only grow a little / when it is dry, cold, or cloudy. / ⑧ This

means / that the rings for those years / are narrow. / ⑨ Because of this, / you can make /

a climate calendar / of the past / by counting a tree’s rings / and / measuring their

width! /

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 2 신기한 곤충의 세계!

① Some insects behave / in amazing ways. / ② The bombardier beetle, / for

example, / has a surprising way / of defending itself. / ③ If a predator attacks it, / an

explosion occurs / inside its body! / ④ There is a popping sound, / and / a hot liquid

shoots out. / ⑤ This liquid scares away / larger predators. / ⑥ It can even kill / smaller

ones. / ⑦ If a toad swallows a bombardier beetle, / the beetle sprays this liquid / inside

the toad. / ⑧ The toad vomits, / and / the beetle escapes safely. /

⑨ The honeybee is another amazing insect. / ⑩ It builds honeycombs / from wax /

and / stores honey / in them. / ⑪ All honeycombs are made / with the same shape /

—the hexagon. / ⑫ Hexagons fit together perfectly, / without any space / between

them. / ⑬ If the honeybee used circles / instead, / there would be a lot of wasted

space / between them. / ⑭ Triangles and squares can fit together / like hexagons. /

⑮ But / they require more wax / and / have less space / for the honey. / ⑯ The

honeybee knows / that the hexagon is the perfect shape / for honeycombs! /

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 3 무지개색으로 빛나는 해변

① Once / there was a beach / in California / that was full of trash. / ② People

threw garbage, / including cans, plastic, and a lot of glass, / onto it. /

⑧ In 1967, / the government stopped / people / from throwing their trash there. /

⑨ Projects were started / to clean up the area. / ⑩ Most of the trash / was removed. /

⑪ However, / one big problem remained: / how to get rid of / the small pieces of glass /

covering the beach. /

⑤ Surprisingly, / Mother Nature / took care of the problem / by herself. / ⑥ Over

the years, / the ocean’s waves / broke down the glass / and / made it into tiny smooth

pieces / that look like jewelry. / ⑦ They made the beach sparkle / with all the colors /

of the rainbow! /

③ Today, / this place is known / as Glass Beach. / ④ Unlike in the past, / it is now

a beautiful place / that many people want to visit! /

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 4 친환경 도시, 쿠리치바

① Curitiba, Brazil, / was once a city / that was full of / poor people and pollution. /

② In 1970, / however, / everything changed. / ③ A team of city workers / came

together / to make Curitiba / one of the greenest cities / in the world. / ④ They

thought of an idea / that could help / both poor families and the environment. /

⑤ The idea was / to exchange trash for food. / ⑥ They called / this / the Green Exchange

Program. / ⑦ Poor people gave their trash / to the local centers / and / got food or bus

tickets. / ⑧ Children could bring in / cans and bottles / and / receive school supplies /

in return. / ⑨ Through this program, / people could get / what they needed / and /

clean up the city / at the same time. / ⑩ The people also worked together / to plant

flowers, trees, and grass. /

⑪ Now / Curitiba is cleaner and safer, / with 16 parks, 14 forests, and over 1,000

public green spaces / for people / to enjoy! /

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 09
SECTION
직독직해 Worksheet

1 작은 삼각형의 비밀

① Most people own / at least / one comfortable sweatshirt. / ② However, / few

people notice / the triangle shape / just below the collar. / ③ This shape was / on

the very first sweatshirts. / ④ In the fashion industry, / it is sometimes called / the

“V-stitch.” / ⑤ It is made / from stretchable material, / like the waistband / on a pair of

shorts. / ⑥ At first, / this extra piece of cloth / had a practical purpose. / ⑦ Sweatshirts

were exercise clothing. / ⑧ People sweat a lot / when they exercise, / and / the sweat

makes / clothing / wet and uncomfortable. / ⑨ The V-stitch had extra material / that

soaked up sweat / and / reduced discomfort. / ⑩ In addition, / it allowed / people

to put their head / through the collar / more easily. / Due to improvements / in the

quality of sportswear, / the V-stitch is no longer necessary. / ⑪ But / many companies /

still include the triangle / as a classic design feature. /

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 2 최초의 패션 잡지는?

① Fashion magazines are full / of models, clothing, and hot trends. / ② You may

think / that these magazines are a modern creation. / ③ But / they actually started /

in seventeenth-century France. /

④ The first fashion magazine, / Le Mercure Galant, / was created / in 1672. / ⑤ King

Louis XIV wanted a magazine / about the lifestyles / of people in the upper class. /

⑥ Through it, / he wanted to share / the events of high society / with lower class people /

and / to show / how to act like the nobility. / ⑦ It also included / poems, social news,

and art reviews. / ⑧ Many people enjoyed / the gossip and politics sections. / ⑨ But /

the fashion section / was the most popular. / ⑩ In many ways, / the magazine / was like

fashion magazines today! /

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 3 쇼핑을 도와 드립니다!

① These days, / many people / are interested in fashion. / ② But / some people do

not know / which clothes to buy. / ③ Or / they do not have time / to go shopping. /

④ These people can use / personal shoppers. /

⑤ Personal shoppers / are familiar with / fashion trends. / ⑥ So / they can give /

people / advice / on how to dress. / ⑦ First, / they discuss / the person’s needs and

budget. / ⑧ Then / they suggest clothes / for the person / to purchase. / ⑨ They can

also go to the store / for the person. / ⑩ Or, / if the person wants, / they can go to the

store / together. /

⑪ But / helping people buy new clothes / is not the only job / of personal shoppers. /

⑫ They often suggest ways / to wear the clothes or accessories / already in a person’s

closet. / ⑬ They can help / people buy gifts / for others, / too! /

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 4 수염을 기르려면 세금을 ~

① Many men around the world / have beards. / ② Interestingly, / Russian men /

had to pay money / to have beards / under the rule / of Peter the Great, / a powerful

Russian czar. /

③ Peter the Great / wanted to make / the country / more like Western Europe. /

⑤ He introduced many things / from Western Europe, / such as laws, a military

system, and even fashion. / ⑥ At that time, / many Western European men shaved, /

but / Russian men grew long beards. / ④ So / Peter the Great tried to / make all

Russian men shave. / ⑦ If a man wanted to grow a beard, / he had to pay a tax. /

⑧ And / he had to carry a token / which showed / that he had already paid the tax. /

⑨ Peter the Great / even hired beard police / to collect the beard tax. / ⑩ If a man

refused to pay, / the police shaved his beard off! /

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 10
SECTION
직독직해 Worksheet

1 조금만 더 도와줘~

① Your friend asks you to walk / to the playground / with her. / ② You say / you’re

busy, / so she asks you to walk / to the corner / instead. / ③ It’s not far, / so you agree. /

④ When you get there, / she asks you to go / a little farther. / ⑤ The pattern repeats /

until you arrive / at the playground. /

⑥ This is the “foot-in-the-door” technique. / ⑦ It is a classic strategy / in sales. /

⑧ A long time ago, / salespeople went / from house to house. / The people in the

homes / could simply close the door / if they didn’t want to buy anything. / ⑨ To

prevent this, / salespeople would sometimes put their foot / in the way of the door / so

it couldn’t be closed. /

⑩ The foot-in-the-door technique / uses small requests. / ⑪ Each new request / is

not that big. / ⑫ By focusing on getting / one small yes / after another, / this technique /

often leads to a big yes. /

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 2 관계 속에서 고독을 느끼는 사람들

① Social networking sites, / such as Facebook and Twitter, / are very popular /

today. / ② They help / us / to keep in touch / with our friends. / ③ They are useful /

but / cause problems / at the same time. /

⑩ Studies show / that people often become depressed / from using these websites. /

⑪ According to the studies, / this is because / people want to get attention. / ⑫ They

tend to expect / many comments / on their posts. / ⑬ If there are few comments, /

they might think: / ⑭ “I’m not popular,” / or / “My friends do not care about me.” /

⑧ In addition, / social networking posts / can lead / people / to compare

themselves to others. / ⑨ Others’ wonderful trips / or / the new things / they bought /

will sometimes make / people / feel small. /

④ Using these services / should be enjoyable. / ⑤ So / give others / friendly

comments. / ⑥ Also, / do not put yourself down / by making comparisons. / ⑦ Try /

to focus on yourself! /

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 3 분명히 집중했는데?

① Say / the colors of the words / in the box / below / as fast as you can! /

② Wasn’t it easy? / ③ Now try this. / ④ Again, / say the color / that each word is

written in. /

⑤ Did you find / that / more difficult? / ⑥ Did it take longer? / ⑦ Did you say

the word / instead of the color? / ⑧ If so, / you experienced the Stroop Effect. /

⑨ It happens / because the brain needs / extra time / to work / when it handles /

conflicting information. / ⑩ In this experiment, / the word red is written / in yellow. /

⑪ The word’s meaning and its color / are conflicting. / ⑫ When there is conflicting

information, / the brain generally does / the more familiar job / first. / ⑬ The brain

is more familiar / with reading words / than with naming colors. / ⑭ So / words are

recognized / more quickly / than colors. / ⑮ However, / the experiment asks / you /

to say the color, / not the word. / ⑯ So / your brain / has to hold on to / the wrong

answer / until the right answer comes. / ⑰ This slows down / your brain! /

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 4 행복은 마음먹기 나름이에요

① Imagine three medal winners / of an Olympic event. / ② Guess / who is the

happiest. / ③ Of course, / the gold medalist is the happiest. / ④ And / you may

think / that the silver medalist / is the second happiest. / ⑥ But / this is not true /

according to researchers. / ⑤ They found / that bronze medalists / generally feel

happier / than silver medalists. / ⑦ This is because / silver medalists compare

themselves / to gold medalists. / ⑧ They think, / “I failed to win a gold medal!” /

⑨ They focus on their mistakes / and / feel unhappy. / ⑩ On the other hand, /

bronze medalists / look at the situation / in a more positive way. / ⑪ They

compare themselves / to the people / who did not win any medals. / ⑫ “I did

well,” / they think. / ⑬ “At least / I won a medal!” / ⑭ This makes them happy. /

⑮ Through this, / we can learn / that our happiness may depend on / our way of

thinking! /

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 MEMO

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