Assgn 4+5

NAME: MUHAMMAD AHSAN
ROLL NO: 21105002-096

DPT 5TH GREY
ASSIGNMENT 04
ELECTROTHERAPY I
SUBMITTED TO: DR. ASIFA
TOPIC: LOW BACK PAIN&PERIARTHRITIS
SHOULDER
1
LOW BACK PAIN
Low back pain is characterized by pain which is present in the lower part of the back region. As
much as 80% of the industrial population and 60% of the general population experience acute low
back pain at some point of time in their life. Hence, low back pain is a cause of great economic
and clinical significance.
ETIOLOGY
In the majority of the patients, the common causes of low back pain are:
1. Idiopathic
2. Discogenic
3. Muscle or ligament strain. Repeated heavy lifting or a sudden awkward movement can strain
back muscles and spinal ligaments
4. Arthritis, Osteoporosis,
5. Ankylosing spondylitis, also called axial spondyloarthritis.
Correct positioning of the patient:

Patient must be comfortably placed preferably in lying (prone) position. Part to be treated must be
exposed and should be at adequate distance from the modality.
Correct positioning of Physiotherapist:

Position of Physiotherapist should be in closed vicinity of the patient and at appropriate reachable
distance from the modality.
Correct placing of pads and electrodes:

Four electrodes are placed in two pairs (sets) to be placed diagonal to each other.
2
Periarthritis Shoulder:
Periarthritis shoulder is a condition characterized by pain and progressive limitation of movements
in the shoulder joint. In early stages, the pain is worst at night and the stiffness is limited to
abduction and external rotation of the shoulder. Later, the pain is present at all times and all the
movements of shoulder are severely limited. Often, there is a history of proceeding trauma.
Etiology:
1. Being between the ages of 40 and 65, Diabetic
2. Having an overactive parathyroid gland or any other thyroid condition
3. Having a health condition that affects your kidney function, or any health issue.
4. Having Parkinson’s disease, had a stroke.
Correct positioning of the patient:

Sitting with back support, forearm rests over the table with elbow flexed.
Correct positioning of Physiotherapist:

Position of Physiotherapist should be in closed vicinity of the patient and at appropriate reachable
distance from the modality.
Correct placing of pads and electrodes:

Four electrodes are placed in two pairs, placed diagonal to each other.
Effects: Interferential current is effective relieve pain during movement and to increase pain-free
passive shoulder mobility in hemiplegic shoulder pain.
3
NAME: MUHAMMAD AHSAN
ROLL NO: 21105002-096
DPT 5TH GREY
ASSIGNMENT 05
ELECTROTHERAPY I
SUBMITTED TO: DR. ASIFA
TOPIC: APPLICATION OF DIATHERMY
LIGAMENTIOUS INJURIES
4
a. Medial collateral ligament injuries of knee
The MCL is usually injured by pressure or stress on the outside part of the knee. A block to
the outside part of the knee during football is a common way for this ligament to be injured.
Etiology
1. It is usually an abduction force where the foot and tibia are fixed, and the femur is
forced medially. A rotation force of the femur on the fixed tibia will also injure the
ligament. A combination of these two forces produces a severe injury.
2. It is common in sports activities such as football, high jumping and skiing.
3. Sometimes happens in swimming during an excessively forceful kick in breast stroke.
Position:
Patient is positioned with a leg on the table in high sitting with pillow under thigh and leg and a
pad under Tendo Achilles.
Positioning of the electrodes: Spacing of electrodes – Do’s and Don’ts about the cable. Keep
the cables wide apart, do not allow the patient to touch the cables High Frequency Currents 175 –
Instruction to the patient
Effects: It can help to relieve pain and muscle spasm, resolve inflammatory states and reduce
swelling, promote vasodilation, increase the compliance of connective tissue, increase joint range
and decrease joint stiffness.
b. Lateral collateral ligament injuries of knee

The LCL is a band of tissue that connects your thigh bone to your lower leg bones.
A tear causes pain, swelling, bruising and instability.
Etiology:
1. It is caused by a varus stress.
5
2. It may happen when there is a sideway fall for, e.g. off a motor cycle or bicycle.
3. Severe twisting may tear this ligament.
4. It also occur due to hit on knee aspect of the weight.
Positioning of the Patient: Long sitting with back support.

Placement of the Electrodes: Medial aspect - Wider Lateral aspect – Narrow
c. Lateral ligament of ankle

The ligaments of the ankle are injured when the plantar flexed foot is forced suddenly into
inversion (lateral ligament) or eversion (medial ligament) injury of the lateral ligaments is the
most common.
Etiology Acute: This injury is common in sports activities such as cross country running
and hiking. It is also quite common in general terms when a person slips off a pavement or
walks on uneven surfaces.
Chronic: Poor reflex coordination of peroneal to prevent twisting during walking over
uneven ground. Poor support from footwear, torn heels or old shoes which have become too
large. Prolonged sitting with feet turned in (causes lengthening)
Position:
Positioning of the electrodes: Spacing of electrodes. For lateral ligament injury, Medial
aspect – Wider, Lateral aspect – Narrow
6
d. Medial ligament of ankle
A medial ankle ligament injury (ankle sprain) occurs when the foot and ankle are stressed
beyond their normal range of motion and the ligament fibres are stretched or torn.
Etiology:
The medial ankle ligaments are damaged is the 'eversion trauma'. This means that an accident
or fall causes the foot to rotate outwards under excessive force.
Position:
Positioning of the electrodes:

Spacing of electrodes. For lateral ligament injury, Medial aspect – Wider, Lateral aspect – Narrow
Electrode Spacing:
Uneven spacing for medial ligament injury, Medial aspect – Narrow Lateral aspect – Wider
Effects:
This treatment helps relax muscles and joints, reduce inflammation and swelling, and improve
blood circulation.

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NAME: MUHAMMAD AHSAN

ROLL NO: 21105002-096

Correct positioning of the patient:

Correct positioning of Physiotherapist:

Correct placing of pads and electrodes:

1. Being between the ages of 40 and 65, Diabetic

2. Having an overactive parathyroid gland or any other thyroid condition

4. Having Parkinson’s disease, had a stroke.

Correct positioning of the patient:

Correct positioning of Physiotherapist:

Correct placing of pads and electrodes:

b. Lateral collateral ligament injuries of knee

Positioning of the Patient: Long sitting with back support.

c. Lateral ligament of ankle

Positioning of the electrodes:

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