Poularikas A. D.

“The Hankel Transform”

The Handbook of Formulas and Tables for Signal Processing.
Ed. Alexander D. Poularikas
Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC,1999

© 1999 by CRC Press LLC

 17
The Hankel Transform

17.1 The Hankel Transform

17.2 Properties of Hankel Transform
17.3 Examples of Hankel Transform
17.4 Relation to Fourier Transform
17.5 Hankel Transforms of Order Zero
References

17.1 The Hankel Transform

17.1.1 Definition of the νth Order Hankel Transform

∞
Fν (s) ≡ Haν{ f (r )} =
∫ rf (r) J (sr) dr,
0
ν r = x 2 + y2

∞
f (r ) ≡ Hav−1{Fν (s)} =
∫ sF (s) J (sr) ds
0
ν ν

17.1.2 The Zero-Order Hankel Transform

∞
F(s) ≡ Ha0{ f (r )} =
∫ rf (r) J (sr) dr
0
0

∞
f (r ) ≡ Ha0−1{F(s)} =
∫ sF(s) J (sr) ds
0
0

17.1.3 Relation to Fourier Transform with Function of Circular Symmetry

F{ f ( x 2 + y 2 )} = F(u, v)

F(u, v) = 2 πF(s) = 2 πF( u 2 + v 2 )

with F{ f ( x, y)} =
∫∫
−∞
f ( x, y)exp[− j ( xu + yv)] dx dy.

Example
π
F{exp[− a( x 2 + y 2 )]} = exp[− (u 2 + v 2 ) / 4a] and, therefore,
a

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 1 1
F(s) = F(u, v) = exp[− s 2 / 4a], s 2 = (u 2 + v 2 ), a>0
2π 2a

17.2 Properties of Hankel Transform

17.2.1 Derivatives

Fv (s) = Hav{ f (r )}

v +1 v −1
Gv (s) = Hav{ f ′(r )} = s  Fv −1 (s) − F ( s )
 2v 2v v +1 

 d 2 f (r ) 1 df (r )  v  2 
Hav  + − f (r ) = − s 2Hav{ f (r )}
 dr 2
r dr  r  
d sr
Note: [rJ (sr )] = [( ν + 1) Jv −1 (sr ) − ( ν − 1) Jv +1 (sr )]
dr v 2v
Example

 1 d  df (r )  
 = −(u + v ) F(u, v) .
2 2
F r
 r dr  dr  

But from 17.1.3

 1 d  df (r )  d 2 f (r ) 1 df (r ) 
r dr  = dr 2 + r dr  = −2 πs F(s)
2
F
 r dr  

and hence

 d 2 f (r ) 1 df (r ) 
Ha0  2
+  = − s F(s) = − s Ha0{ f (r )}
2 2

 dr r dr 

17.2.2 Similarity

1  s
Hav { f (ar )} = F
a2 v  a 

Example (see 17.1.3)

{ } {
F f (a x 2 + y 2 ) = F f ( (ax ) 2 + (ay) 2 ) = } ∫∫ f ( (ax ) 2 + (ay) 2 )exp[− jux − jvy] dx dy

2 πF   .
∫∫ f (
1 1 s
= t 2 + τ 2 )exp[− j ua t − j av τ] dt dτ =
a2 a2  a

Hence

1  s
Ha0{ f (ar )} = F
a2  a 

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17.2.3 Division by r

1. Hav {r −1 f (r )} =
s
[
F (s) + Fv +1 (s)
2v v −1
]
d 1−v
2. Hav {r v −1 [r f (r )]} = sFv −1 (s)
dr

3. Hav r − v −1

d v +1
dr
[
r f (r )  = sFv +1 (s)

]

17.2.4 Parseval’s Theorem

Fv (s) = Hav { f (r )}, Gv (s) = Hav {g(r )}

∞ ∞
1.
∫ F (s) G (s) s ds = ∫ rg(r) f (r) dr
0
v v
0
∞ ∞
2.
∫0
Fv (s) Gv∗ (s) s ds =
∫ rf (r) g (r) dr
0
∗
for complex signals
∞ ∞

∫ r f (r ) dr =
∫ s F(s)
2 2
3. ds
0 0

17.2.5 Convolution Identity

 ∞

F( 2 ) 

∫∫
−∞
f1 ( x12 + y12 ) f2 ( ( x − x1 ) 2 + ( y − y1 ) 2 ) dx1 dy1  = 4 π 2 F1 (s) F2 (s)


1
Hence Ha0{ f1 (r ) ∗∗ f2 (r )} = F { f (r ) ∗∗ f2 (r )} = 2 πF1 (s) F2 (s)
2π (2) 1
Also Ha0{2 πf1 (r ) f2 (r )} = F1 (s) ∗∗ F2 (s)

17.2.6 Moment

∞
mn =
∫ r f (r) dr
0
n

But

∑ ( −1)n  sr 
2 4 2n
J0 (sr ) = 1 −   +
sr 1  sr 
−L=
 2 (2!)2  2  (n!)2  2 
n=0

hence

∞ ∞
∞
( −1)n m2 n+1 2 n
∑ ( −1)n  s 
∑
2n
F(s) = Ha0{ f (r )} =
n=0
(n!)2  2  ∫ 0
r 2 n+1 f (r ) dr =
n=0
(n!)2 2 2 n
s

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17.3 Examples of Hankel Transform

17.3.1 Example
From

∫ ∫
a a
1 d
rJ0 (sr ) dr = [rJ (sr )] = [aJ1 (as)] / s
0 0 s dr 1
a
implies that Ha0{pa (r )} = J (as) , where pa(r) = 1 for r < a and zero otherwise.
s 1

17.3.2 Example

∫ J (sr)dr = s ,
a
1
From 0 s > 0 we obtain Ha0{1 / r} = 1 / s .
0

17.3.3 Example

∫ rδ(r − a) J (sr) dr = aJ (as) we obtain Ha {δ(r − a)} = aJ (as),

a
From 0 0 0 0 s > 0 and because of sym-
0

metry Ha0{aJ0 (ar )} = δ(s − a), a > 0

17.3.4 Example
If f1 (r ) = f2 (r ) = [ J1 (ar )]/ r then from 17.2.5 Ha0{2 πJ12 (ar ) / r 2} = 12 pa (s) ∗∗ pa (s) where
a

 s s s2 
pa (s) ∗ ∗ pa (s) =  2 cos −1 − 1 − 2  a 2.
 2a a 4a 
Hence
 s s s2 
Ha0{2 πJ12 (ar ) / r 2} =  2 cos−1 − 1 − 2  p2 a (s),
 2a a 4a 

where p2 a (s) = 1 for s ≤ 2 a and 0 otherwise.

17.3.5 Example
From the relationship

∫ rJ (br) J (sr) dr = a[bJ (ab) J (as) − sJ (ab) J (as)] / (b

a

0 0 1 0 0 1
2
− s2 )
0

we find

Ha0{J0 (br ) pa (r )} = [abJ1 (ab) J0 (as) − asJ0 (ab) J1 (as)] / (b 2 − s 2 ) .

17.3.6 Example
From δ(s − a) ∗ ∗ δ(s − a) = 4a 2 /(s 4a 2 − s 2 ) for s < 2 a and equals zero for s > 2a, 17.2.5 and 17.3.3
we obtain Ha0{J0 (ar ) J0 (ar )} = 2 p2 a (s) / ( πs 4a 2 − s 2 ).

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17.3.7 Example
From pa (s) ∗ ∗ δ(s − a) = 2 a cos −1 (s / 2 a) for s ≤ 2 a and cycles zero for s > 2 a, from Ha0{J0 (ar )} =
δ(s − a) / a ; from Ha0{J1 (ar ) / r} = pa (s) / a and 17.2.5 we obtain Ha0{J0 (ar ) J1 (ar ) / r} =
p2 a (s) cos −1 (s / 2 a) /(aπ) .

17.3.8 Example

∫ ∫
a as
1
Hav{r vu(a − r )} = r v +1 Jv (sr ) dr = v+2
x v +1 Jv ( x ) dx, a > 0 where u(a − r ) = 1 for r ≤ a and 0 for
0 s 0

r > a is the unit step function. But

∫x v
J v −1 ( x ) dx = x v J v ( x ) + C (see 25.3.2) and, hence,

(as)v +1
Hav{r v h(a − r )} = J (as) = a v +1 Jv +1 (as), a > 0, v > −1 / 2 .
s v +2 v +1

17.3.9 Example
d
Ha0{e − ar} = L {rJ0 (sr )} = − [(s 2 + a 2 )−1/ 2 ] = a / [s 2 + a 2 ]3/ 2 , a > 0
da

17.4 Relation to Fourier Transform

17.4.1 Relationship Between Fourier and Hankel Transform

If F(s) is the Hankel transform of f (r), then

1. 2 πF( u 2 + v 2 ) = F(u, v) = F { f x 2 + y 2 )
∞
2. Φ(ω ) =
∫ −∞
e − jωx ϕ( x ) dx

∞
ϕ( x ) =
∫
−∞
f ( x 2 + y 2 ) dy

F {ϕ( x )} = 2 πF(s) s=ω

17.4.2 Example
If f (r) = pa(r), then

a2 − x 2

ϕ( x ) =
∫ dy = 2 a 2 − x 2
− a2 − x 2

for x < a, and ϕ( x ) = 0 for x > a. But Ha0{pa (r )} = aJ1 (as) / s (see 17.3.1) and, hence,

F{2 a 2 − x 2 pa ( x )} = 2 πJ1 (aω ) / ω .

17.4.3 Example
If f (r ) = pa (r ) / a 2 − x 2 , then

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 a2 − x 2 π/2

∫ ∫ dθ = π
dy
ϕ( x ) = =
a2 − (x 2 + y2 ) −π / 2
− a2 − x 2

for x < a and equals zero for x > a .

Hence

2 π sin aω
∫ πe
a
− jωx
Φ(ω ) = d= = 2 πF(s) s=ω
−a ω

which implies that Ha0{pa (r ) / a 2 − r 2 } = sin as / s.

17.5 Hankel Transforms of Order Zero

Table 17.1 lists the Hankel transforms of some particular functions for the important special case ν =
0. Table 17.2 lists Hankel transforms of general order ν. In these tables, u(x) is the unit step function,
Iν and Kν are modified Bessel functions, L0 and H0 are Struve functions, and Ker and Kei are Kelvin
functions as defined in Abramowitz and Stegun.

TABLE 17.1 Hankel Transform of Order Zero

f (r ) F0 (s) = Ha0 { f (r ); s}

Algebraic function
1/ r 1/ s
 µ
Γ 1−
µ 1− µ  2 1
1/ r , 1
<µ<2 2
 µ  s 2 −µ
2
Γ
 2

1 e − as
, Re(a) > 0
( a + r 2 )1 / 2
2
s
 1
 ( a 2 − r 2 )1 / 2 , 0<r<a sin(as)

 s
 0, a<r<∞

1
, Re(a) > 0 a −1e − as
(r 2 + a 2 ) 3 / 2
1 π
[H ( as) − Y0 ( as)]
r (r + a) 2 0
1
K0 ( as)
r 2 + a2
1 π
[ I ( as) − L 0 ( as)]
r (r 2 + a 2 ) 2a 0
1
−Kei(s)
1+ r4
1
arg a < π / 4 − a −2 Kei( as)
a4 + r 4

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 TABLE 17.1 Hankel Transform of Order Zero (continued)
f (r ) F0 (s) = Ha0 { f (r ); s}

r2
Ker(s)
1+ r4
1
K0 ( as / 2 ) J0 ( as / 2 )
r 4 + a4
Exponential function
s
e − ar , Re( a) > 0
(s 2 + a 2 ) 3 / 2
e − ar 1
r (s 2 + a 2 )1/ 2
(1 − e − ar )r −2 , Re( a) > 0 sinh −1 ( a / s)

n − 12
n!  a 
r e − ar , Re( a) > 0 Pn  2 2 1/ 2 
+
1 n+ 1
(a + s )
2 2 2 2  ( a s ) 

e −s / 4a
2 2

e −a
2 2
r
2a 2
Trigonometric function
 1
sin ar  ( a 2 − s 2 )1/ 2 , 0<s<a
, a>0 
r 0
 a<s<∞

 π,
1
0<s<a
sin ar  2
, a>0 
r2 sin −1 ( a / s), a<s<∞
sin ar π − ab
, a > 0 Re(b) > 0 e I0 (sb), 0<s<a
b2 + r 2 2
0, 0<s<a
cos ar 
, a>0 
r
(s − a ) ,
2 −1/ 2
2
a<s<∞

cosh −1 ( a / s), 0<s<a

1 − cos ar 
, a>0 
r2 0, a<s<∞
cos ar
, a > 0 Re(b) > 0 cosh(ab) K0 (bs), a<s<∞
b2 + r 2
cos(a 2 r 2 / 2), a > 0 a −2 sin(a −2 s 2 / 2)
Other functions
ln a ,
1 − J0 ( ar )  s s<a
, a>0 
r2 0 ,
 s>a

a −1 , 0<s<a
J1 ( ar ) 
, a>0 
r 0 , a<s<∞

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 TABLE 17.2 Hankel Transform of Order νth
f (r ) Fν (s) = Haν{ f (r ); s}

Algebraic functions
1/r, Re( ν) > −1 1/ s

 ν + 2 − µ
2 1− µ Γ
µ  2 
1/r , 1
<µ < ν+2
2 −µ  ν + µ 
2
s Γ
 2 

r ν , 0 < r < 1, Re( ν) > −1

 J ν+1 (s)

 0, 1 < r < ∞ s

rν
, Re(a) > 0, − 1 < Re( ν) < 3
a ν K ν ( as)
r + a2
2 2

r ν ( a 2 − r 2 ) µ u( a − r ), Re( ν) > −1, 2 µ Γ(µ + 1) s − µ −1 a ν + µ +1 J ν+ µ +1 ( as)

0 < r < a, Re(µ ) > −1

rν π s ν −1
, Re(a) > 0, Re( ν) > − 12 ν
2 ν+ 2 2 e Γ( ν + 12 )
1 as
(r + a )
2

rν a ν − µ s µ K ν − µ ( as)
, Re(a) > 0
(r + a 2 ) µ +1
2
2 µ Γ(µ + 1)
− 1 < Re( ν) < 2 Re(µ ) + 3
2

rν
ν + 12
u( a − r ), 0 < r < a, π −1 / 2 2 − ν Γ( 12 − ν) s ν−1 sin(as)
(a − r 2 )
2

Re( ν) < 1
2

rν s ν π J ν ( as) K ν ( as)
, arg(a) < π / 4
4 ν+ 2 a 2 ν 2 3 ν e as Γ( ν + 12 )
1
(r 4 + 4 a )
Re( ν) > − 12

r ν+ 2 π s ν J ν −1 ( as) K ν −1 ( as)
, arg(a) < π / 4
4 ν+ 2
1
(r + 4 a )
4
2 3 ν −1 a 2 ν −1 Γ( ν + 12 )
Re( ν) > 1
6

Exponential function
e − ar − 12 1
, Re(a) > 0, Re( ν) > −1 s − ν (s 2 + a 2 ) [(a 2 + s 2 ) 2 − a] ν
r
e − ar 1
, Re(a) > 0, Re( ν) > 0 ν −1 s − ν [(a 2 + s 2 ) 2 − a] ν
r2
1 ν+1 1
r ν e − ar , Re(a) > 0, Re( ν) > −1 2 Γ( ν + 23 )as ν
π ν+ 3
(a 2 + s 2 ) 2
1 ν 1
r ν−1e − ar , Re(a) > 0, Re( ν) > − 12 2 Γ( ν + 12 ) s ν
π ν+ 1
(a + s 2 ) 2
2

sν  s2 
r ν e − ar ,
2
Re(a) > 0, Re( ν) > −1 exp − 
(2 a) ν +1  4a 
Trigonometric functions
sin ar − 12 1

, a > 0, Re( ν) > −2 cos(πν / 2) s ν ( a 2 − s 2 ) [a + (a 2 − s 2 ) 2 ]− ν , 0<s<a

r − 12
(s 2 − a 2 ) sin[ ν sin −1 ( a / s)], a<s<∞

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 TABLE 17.2 Hankel Transform of Order νth (continued)
f (r ) Fν (s) = Haν{ f (r ); s}

1
sin ar ν −1 sin( νπ / 2) s ν [a + ( a 2 − s 2 ) 2 ] − ν , 0<s<a
, a > 0, Re( ν) > −1
r2
ν −1 sin[ ν sin −1 ( a / s)], a<s<∞
r ν sin ar, a > 0, − 3
< Re( ν) < − 12 −2 ν +1 sin νπ Γ( ν + 23 ) as ν
2
− ν − 23
, 0<s<a
π (a 2 − s 2 )

−2 ν +1 Γ( ν + 23 )as ν
− ν − 23
, a<s<∞
π (s 2 − a 2 )

r ν −1 sin ar, a > 0, − 1 < Re( ν) < 1

π 2ν sν
2
− ν − 12
, 0<s<a
Γ( 12 − ν) ( a 2 − s 2 )

0, a<s<∞
ν
r cos ar, a > 0, − 1 < Re( ν) < − 1
2 1+ ν
π as ν
0<s<a
2
− ν − 23
,
Γ( − − ν) ( a 2 − s 2 )
1
2

0, a<s<∞
Other functions
J ν −1 ( ar ) 0, 0<s<a
, a > 0, Re( ν) > −1
r a ν−1 s − ν , a<s<∞
J ν ( ar ) 1 sν
, a > 0, Re( ν) > 0 , 0<s<a
r2 2ν aν

1 aν
, a≤s<∞
2ν s ν
J ν +1 ( ar ) a − ν−1 s ν , 0<s<a
, a > 0, Re( ν) > − 23
r 0, a<s<∞

References
Bracewell, R. N., The Fourier Transform and Its Applications, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1978.
Davies, B., Integral Transforms and Their Applications, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1984.
Erdelyi, A., W. Magnus, F. Oberhettinger, and F. G. Tricomi, Tables of Integral Transforms, McGraw-
Hill Book Co., New York, 1954.
Papoulis, A., Systems and Transforms with Applications in Optics, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1968.
Piessens, R., The Hankel Transforms, in The Transforms and Applications Handbook, ed. Alexander D.
Poularikas, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1996.
Sneddon, Ian N., The Use of Integral Transforms, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1972.
Wolf, K., B., Integral Transforms in Science Engineering, Plenum Press, New York, 1979.

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