UNIT-V Notes Advance Java

UNIT-V Interacting with Database
******** Interacting with Database ********
✓ Interview Question:-How to Establish Connection Between java and Database.
• JDBC Architecture:-
1) Two-Tier Application Architecture.
2) Three-Tier Application Architecture.
• Diagram:-
• JDBC Driver:-
JDBC Driver is a software component that enables fava application to interact
with the database. There are 4 types of JDBC drivers:
1. JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
2. Native-API driver (partially java driver)
3. Network Protocol driver (fully java driver)
4. Thin driver (fully java driver).
Advance Java by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).

1) JDBC-ODBC bridge driver:-

The JDBC-ODBC bridge driver uses ODBC driver to connect to the database.
The JDBC ODBC bridge driver converts JDBC method calls into the ODBC
function calls. This is now discouraged because of thin driver.
Diagram:-
Oracle does not support the JDBC-ODBC Bridge from Java 8. Oracle recommends
that you use JDBC drivers provided by the vendor of your database instead of
the JDBC-ODBC Bridge.
Advantages:
1)easy to use.
2)can be easily connected to any database.
Disadvantages:
1)Performance degraded because JDBC method call is converted into the
ODBC function calls.
2)The ODBC driver needs to be installed on the client machine.

2) Native-API driver:-
The Native API driver uses the client-side libraries of the database. The driver
converts JDBC method calls into native calls of the database API. It is not written
entirely in java.
Diagram:-
Advantage:
1) performance upgraded than JDBC-ODBC bridge driver.
Disadvantage:
1) The Native driver needs to be installed on the each client machine.
2) The Vendor client library needs to be installed on client machine.

3) Network Protocol driver:-

The Network Protocol driver uses middleware (application server) that converts
JDBC calls directly or indirectly into the vendor-specific database protocol. It is
fully written in java.
Diagram:-
Advantage:
1) No client side library is required because of application server that can
perform many tasks like auditing, load balancing, logging etc.
Disadvantages:
1) Network is required on client
2) Requires database-specific coding to be done in the middle tier.
3) Maintenance of Network Protocol driver becomes costly because it requires
database specific coding to be done in the middle tier.

4) Thin driver:-
The thin driver converts JDBC calls directly into the vendor-specific database
protocol. That is why it is known as thin driver. It is fully written in Java
language.
Diagram:-
Advantage:
1) Better performance than all other drivers.
2) No software is required at client side or server side.
Disadvantage:
Drivers depend on the Database.

Java Database Connectivity with 5 Steps:-

There are 5 steps to connect any java application with the database using
JDBC. These steps are as follows:
1) Register the Driver class
2)Create connection
3)Create statement
4)Execute queries
5)Close connection
1) Register the driver class:-

The forName() method of Class class is used to register the driver class. This
method is used to dynamically load the driver class.
Syntax of forName() method
public static void forName(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException
Example to register the OracleDriver class
Here, Java program is loading oracle driver to establish database connection.

Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
***************************************************************
2) Create the connection object:-

The getConnection() method of DriverManager class is used to establish
connection with the database.
Syntax of getConnection() method
1) public static Connection getConnection(String url) throws SQLException 2)

2)public static Connection getConnection(String url, String name, String
password) throws SQLException
Example to establish connection with the Oracle database
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:
@localhost:1521:xe","syst em","password");
***************************************************************
3) Create the Statement object:-

The createStatement() method of Connection interface is used to create
statement.
The object of statement is responsible to execute queries with the database.
Syntax of createStatement() method
public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException
Example to create the statement object
Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
***************************************************************

4) Execute the query:-

The executeQuery() method of Statement interface is used to execute queries
to the database. This method returns the object of ResultSet that can be used
to get all the records of a table.
Syntax of executeQuery() method
public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) throws SQLException
Example to execute query
ResultSet rs-stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
while(rs.next())
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2));
5) Close the connection object:-

By closing connection object statement and ResultSet will be closed
automatically. The close() method of Connection interface is used to close the
connection.
Syntax of close() method
public void close() throws SQLException
Example of Close Connection
Con.close();

• Code:-
import java.sql.*;
class JDBCDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])throws SQLException
{
try
{
//Register Driver
//Example to establish connection with the Oracle database
@localhost:1521:xe","system","password");
//Create Statement Object
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select *from Student");
while(rs.next())
{
System.out.println(re.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2));
}
//Close The Connection
con.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
***************************************************************

• ***Class:-
-> static Class forname(String className)
• ***DriverManager class:-
-> static Connection getConnection(String URL)
-> static Connection getConnection(String URL,String username, String

password)
-> static void deregisterDriver(Driver driver)
• ***Connection interface:
-> Statement createStatement();
-> void close();
-> void commit();
-> CallableStament prepareCall(String sql);
-> PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)
• ***Statement Interface:-
-> void close();
-> void cancel();
-> boolean execute(String sql)
-> ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) //select query
-> int executeUpdate(String sql) //insert,delete,update

• ***PreparedStatement Interface:
-> boolean execute()
-> ResultSet executeQuery() //select query
-> int executeUpdate() //insert,delete,update
-> void setInt(int index, int val);
-> void setFloat(int index, float val);
-> void setDouble(int index, double val);
-> void setShort(int index, short val);
-> void setLong(int index, long val);
-> void setString(int index, String val);
-> void setByte(int index, byte val);
-> void clearParameters();
• ***ResultSet Interface:
-> boolean next()
-> boolean previous()
-> boolean first()
-> boolean last()
-> void afterLast()
-> void beforeFirst()
-> void deleteRow()
-> int getInt(int column_no)
-> int getInt(String column_name)

-> float getFloat(int column_no)
-> float getFloat(String column_name)
-> float getDouble(int column_no)
-> float getDouble(String column_name)
-> String getString(int column_no)
-> String getString(String column_name)
• Code:-
//Database Connection.
import java.sql.*;
class CreateTableDemo
public static void main(String args[])
try
System.out.println("Driver Loaded Successfully!!!");
Connection
con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521/X
E","system","system");
System.out.println("Connection Established Successfully!!!");
}catch(Exception e)

• Output:-
****************************************************************
• Code 1):-
//Create Table Program.
import java.sql.*;
class CreateTableDemo
{
{
try
{
@localhost:1521/XE","system","system");

stmt.execute("create table vjtech(rollno number(5),name
varchar(10),marks number(3,2))");
System.out.println("Table Created Successfully!!!");
}
catch(Exception e)
{
}
}
}
Output:-
2)
import java.sql.*;
class InsertRowsDemo
{
{
try
{

int x=stmt.executeUpdate("insert into vjtech values(3030,'James',9.9)");
System.out.println(" No of Rows Inserted into table:"+x);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
}
}
}
****************************************************************
3)
import java.sql.*;
class UpdateRowsDemo
{
{
try
{
int x=stmt.executeUpdate("update vjtech set marks=5.5 where
rollno=2020");
System.out.println(" No of Rows Updated from table:"+x);
}
catch(Exception e)
{

}
}
}
****************************************************************
4)
import java.sql.*;
class DeleteRowsDemo
{
{
try
{
int x=stmt.executeUpdate("delete from vjtech where rollno=3030");
System.out.println(" No of Rows Deleted from table:"+x);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
}
}
}
****************************************************************
5)
import java.sql.*;
class SelectRowsDemo

{
{
try
{
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeUpdate("select *from vjtech");
System.out.println("\n****************************
*****************");
System.out.println("\n***************VJTech Academy
*****************");
System.out.println("\n**************************
********************");
System.out.println("\nRollNo\tName\tmarks");
System.out.println("\n======================");
while(re.next())
{
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+"\t"+rs.getString(2)+
"\t"+rs.getFloat(3));
}
con.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
}
}
}
****************************************************************

6)
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;
class PreparedStatementInsertRowsDemo
{
{
try
{
PreparedStatement pstmt=con.prepareStatement("insert into vjtech
values(?,?,?)");
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter Student Roll No:");

int rn=sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter Student Name:");
String rm=sc.next();
System.out.println("Enter Student Marks:");
float mrks=sc.nextFloat();
pstmt.setInt(1,rn);
pstmt.setString(2,nm);
pstmt.setFloat(3,mrks);
int x=pstmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println(" No of Rows Inserted into table:"+x);

}

catch(Exception e)
{
}
}
}
****************************************************************
7)
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;
class PreparedstmtDeleteRowsDemo
{
{
try
{
PreparedStatement pstmt=con.PrepareStatement("delete from vjtech
where rollno=?");
System.out.println("Enter Roll No for Deletion:");
pstmt.setInt(1,rn);
int x=pstmt.executeUPdate();
System.out.println(" No of Rows Deleted from table:"+x);

}

catch(Exception e)
{
}
}
}
****************************************************************
• ***ResultSetMetaData
-> Data about data is known as metadata.
ResultSet rs=stmt.exeuteQuery("select * from vjtech");
ResultSetMetaData rsmd=rs.getMedaData();
1) int getColumnCount() - return no of columns available in resultset.
2) String getColumnTypeName(int column_no)- it will return SQL data type of

column.
3) String getTableName(int column_no)
4) boolean isAutoincrement(int column_no);
5) boolean isNullable();
• Code:-
import java.sql.*;
class ResultSetMetaDataDemo
try

{ Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeUpdate("select *from vjtech");
ResultSetMetaData rsmd=rs.getMetaData();
System.out.println("Number
of Coloums="+rsmd.getColumnCount());
System.out.println("Name of
1st Coloum="+rsmd.getColumnName());
System.out.println("SQL Data Type of
1st Coloum="+rsmd.getColumnTypeName(1));
System.out.println("Name of table="+rsmd.getTableName(2));
con.close();
catch(Exception e)

• Java CallableStatement Interface:-
CallableStatement interface is used to call the stored procedures and

functions.
We can have business logic on the database by the use of stored procedures
and functions that will make the performance better because these are
precompiled.
Suppose you need the get the age of the employee based on the date of birth,
you may create a function that receives date as the input and returns age of
the employee as the output.
What is the difference between stored procedures and functions.
The differences between stored procedures and functions are given below:
• How to get the instance of CallableStatement?

The prepareCall() method of Connection interface returns the instance of
CallableStatement. Syntax is given below:

1. public CallableStatement prepareCall("{ call procedurename(?,?...?)}");
The example to get the instance of CallableStatement is given below:
1. CallableStatement stmt=con.prepareCall(" {call myprocedure(?,?)}");
It calls the procedure myprocedure that receives 2 arguments.
To call the stored procedure, you need to create it in the database. Here, we
are assuming that stored procedure looks like this.
The table structure is given below:
create table user420(id number(10), name varchar2(200));

In this example, we are going to call the stored procedure INSERTR that
receives id and name as the parameter and inserts it into the table user420.
Note that you need to create the user420 table as well to run this application.
Now check the table in the database, value is inserted in the user420 table.
• Code 1):-
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;
class CallableStmtStoredProcedureDemo
try

System.out.println("Driver loaded successfully!!!");
Connectioncon=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:
thin:@localhost:1521/XE","system","system");
System.out.println("Connection established
successfully!!!");
CallableStatement Cstmt=con.prepareCall("{call
InsertRows(?,?,?)}");
System.out.println("Enter Student Roll No:");
System.out.println("Enter Student Name:");
String nm=sc.next();
System.out.println("Enter Student Marks:");
float mrks=sc.nextFloat();
Cstmt.setInt(1,rn);
Cstmt.setString(2,nm);
Cstmt.setFloat(3,mrks);
int x=Cstmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("No of Rows Inserted into table through

stored procedure:"+x);

catch(Exception e)
• Code 2):-
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;
class CallableStmtFunctionsDemo
try
System.out.println("Driver loaded successfully!!!");
Connectioncon=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:
thin:@localhost:1521/XE","system","system");
System.out.println("Connection established
successfully!!!");

CallableStatement Cstmt=con.prepareCall("{?=call
Sum1(?,?)}");
Cstmt.setInt(2,50);
Cstmt.setInt(3,80);
Cstmt.registerOutParameter(1,Types.INTEGER);
Cstmt.execute();
System.out.println("Addition of two
numbers="+Cstmt.getInt(1));
catch(Exception e)

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UNIT-V Interacting with Database

******** Interacting with Database ********

✓ Interview Question:-How to Establish Connection Between java and Database.

2) Three-Tier Application Architecture.

1. JDBC-ODBC bridge driver

2. Native-API driver (partially java driver)

3. Network Protocol driver (fully java driver)

4. Thin driver (fully java driver).

Advance Java by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).

1) JDBC-ODBC bridge driver:-

2)can be easily connected to any database.

2)The ODBC driver needs to be installed on the client machine.

Advance Java by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).

Advance Java by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).

3) Network Protocol driver:-

Advance Java by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).

Advance Java by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).

Java Database Connectivity with 5 Steps:-

1) Register the Driver class

1) Register the driver class:-

Syntax of forName() method

public static void forName(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException

Example to register the OracleDriver class

Here, Java program is loading oracle driver to establish database connection.

Advance Java by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).

2) Create the connection object:-

Syntax of getConnection() method

1) public static Connection getConnection(String url) throws SQLException 2)

Example to establish connection with the Oracle database

3) Create the Statement object:-

The object of statement is responsible to execute queries with the database.

Syntax of createStatement() method

public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException

Example to create the statement object

Advance Java by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).

4) Execute the query:-

Syntax of executeQuery() method

public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) throws SQLException

Example to execute query

ResultSet rs-stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");

5) Close the connection object:-

Syntax of close() method

public void close() throws SQLException

Example of Close Connection

Advance Java by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).

Advance Java by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).

-> static Connection getConnection(String URL,String username, String

-> static void deregisterDriver(Driver driver)

-> void close();

-> void commit();

-> CallableStament prepareCall(String sql);

-> PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)

-> void cancel();

-> boolean execute(String sql)

-> ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) //select query

-> int executeUpdate(String sql) //insert,delete,update

Advance Java by Mr.Vishal Jadhav sir’s(VJTech Academy,contact us:+91-9730087674).

-> ResultSet executeQuery() //select query

-> int executeUpdate() //insert,delete,update

-> void setInt(int index, int val);

Interacting with Database