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    Indian National Movement Upsc Notes 89

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    Sanjivram S 10b
    The Indian National Movement refers to the mass movement for independence from British rule that arose in the late 19th century. It was the first successful resistance against colonialism in India. Prior movements were localized and unsuccessful. The National Movement united different groups and realized that together they could gain emancipation. It led to Indians identifying as a single nation rather than separate kingdoms. Key events that propelled the movement included socio-religious reforms, the spread of Western education and vernacular languages, economic hardships caused by British policies, and the aftermath of the 1857 rebellion. Factors like unified administration, improved transportation and communication, growth of the press, oppressive policies and racism, and inspiration from foreign movements helped the National Movement

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    Indian National Movement Upsc Notes 89

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    Sanjivram S 10b
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    The Indian National Movement refers to the mass movement for independence from British rule that arose in the late 19th century. It was the first successful resistance against colonialism in India. Prior movements were localized and unsuccessful. The National Movement united different groups and realized that together they could gain emancipation. It led to Indians identifying as a single nation rather than separate kingdoms. Key events that propelled the movement included socio-religious reforms, the spread of Western education and vernacular languages, economic hardships caused by British policies, and the aftermath of the 1857 rebellion. Factors like unified administration, improved transportation and communication, growth of the press, oppressive policies and racism, and inspiration from foreign movements helped the National Movement

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    The Indian National Movement refers to the mass movement for independence from British rule that arose in the late 19th century. It was the first successful resistance against colonialism in India. Prior movements were localized and unsuccessful. The National Movement united different groups and realized that together they could gain emancipation. It led to Indians identifying as a single nation rather than separate kingdoms. Key events that propelled the movement included socio-religious reforms, the spread of Western education and vernacular languages, economic hardships caused by British policies, and the aftermath of the 1857 rebellion. Factors like unified administration, improved transportation and communication, growth of the press, oppressive policies and racism, and inspiration from foreign movements helped the National Movement

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    16 views3 pages

    Indian National Movement Upsc Notes 89

    Uploaded by

    Sanjivram S 10b
    The Indian National Movement refers to the mass movement for independence from British rule that arose in the late 19th century. It was the first successful resistance against colonialism in India. Prior movements were localized and unsuccessful. The National Movement united different groups and realized that together they could gain emancipation. It led to Indians identifying as a single nation rather than separate kingdoms. Key events that propelled the movement included socio-religious reforms, the spread of Western education and vernacular languages, economic hardships caused by British policies, and the aftermath of the 1857 rebellion. Factors like unified administration, improved transportation and communication, growth of the press, oppressive policies and racism, and inspiration from foreign movements helped the National Movement

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    Indian National Movement

    Indian National Movement refers to the mass movement that was the result of the rise in Indian
    consciousness and nationalism. The movement was started in the latter half of the nineteenth
    century and was the first instance of successful resistance against British rule. Before the
    National Movement in India, the fight for independence was going on in smaller, segregated
    sections throughout the country. Due to the divisive nature of these struggles, none were
    successful for too long. Many considered India not as one country but rather as a bunch of
    kingdoms being colonized by the same oppressive British force. The subcontinent was one
    entity for the colonizers. However, within it, people identified themselves differently from each
    other.
    To ensure an enhanced grasp of all the movements and causes of Indian Nationalism, studying
    proper notes is necessary. Indian National Movement Notes for UPSC are written in a manner
    that enables easy understanding and retention. Find the link to download the notes below.
    Indian National Movement changed that as the realization of what unity could do for the citizens
    dawned upon them. The different sections of society came together to fight for their
    emancipation, which led to a larger impact. Despite religious, social, and cultural norms, people
    decided to unite their efforts against the British, which ultimately led to success in the year of
    1947.

    Rise of Nationalism in India: Causes and Circumstances


    The rise of nationalism in India did not happen overnight. It was a gradual process, which took a
    considerable amount of time as well as a combination of various factors. The causes and
    circumstances of the growth of the Indian national movement are listed below.
    • Socio-religious Reforms: There were many socio-religious reform movements happening
    in the 19th century that acted as a propeller of the rise of nationalism in India. Reformers like
    Jyotiba Phule, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, etc., were an integral part
    of this movement as they worked relentlessly to remove the religious and social evils from
    society. During this time, the practice of Sati was abolished and education for women was
    encouraged.
    • Rise in Western Education: On 2nd February 1835, Macaulay presented his ‘Minute
    on Indian Education’ with the aim of creating a class of Indians who were educated in a
    western way and could serve as the administrators of British rule. However, instead of
    doing what was expected of them, Indians learned and used the English language to
    unite various regions and mobilized the ideas of freedom, democracy, equality, etc.,
    which they were exposed to due to their exposure to western thinkers and philosophers.
    • Revival of Vernacular languages: As Indians realized the power of their native languages,
    vernaculars started gaining popularity, and many notable writers started writing in them. This
    helped propagate the idea of freedom and liberty across the masses. It was the easiest way
    of ensuring the integral ideas reached everyone in the language they understood.
    • Effects of Economic Policies of the British: The impact of the British Raj’s economic
    policies was disastrous and led to poverty among Indians, especially the peasants and
    farmers. They incurred heavy losses and debts with no help from anywhere. Their
    suppression ultimately led to a revolt which was further mobilized by the ideas of nationalism
    prevalent in the country at that time.
    • Aftermath of the Revolt of 1857: The Revolt of 1857 was the first major revolt against
    British rule. However, it was brutally crushed by the British and led to many deaths. This
    resulted in a deep resentment among Indians and also drastically increased the racial
    tension between them and the British. The revolt of 1857 became a precursor to the rise of
    nationalism in India in more ways than one.

    Factors Responsible for Indian National Movement


    Indian National movement was started due to various reasons; however, there are also a set of
    different reasons why it was able to grow and succeed. The British, in their selfishness, ended
    up giving tools that Indians could give to accelerate their movement. The various factors for the
    growth of Indian nationalism are listed below.
    • Political Unity in the Country: Most parts of India were put under a single political set-
    up under British rule. The system of administration was It resulted in an administrative
    system that was unified and consolidated across different regions. While it was easy to
    control for the British, it also led to a feeling of ‘oneness’ among these regions, leading to
    unity.
    • Rise in Network of Transport: British gave Indians roads and railways initially to make
    the transport of various raw materials easier. However, ultimately, it resulted in
    increased movements of people who could easily move from one place of protest to
    another. People who preached the Indian national movement could easily travel to
    different parts of the country now to convenience others to join and were largely
    successful as well.
    • Increased Communication: Along with transportation, the British also extensively built
    telegraph and post systems in India. This also ended up being extremely useful for
    Indians as they could now communicate the events of their freedom movements and
    information about the struggle through pamphlets, letters, etc., with relative ease.
    • Growth of the Modern Press: The increased communication was also a result of the
    growth of the modern press. The Indian National Movement was a success as the press
    was becoming more and more popular in both English and regional languages.
    Pamphlets, posters, etc., were printed in large numbers and distributed among people to
    propagate the idea of freedom from British rule.
    • The Policies of Lord Lytton: Lytton passed the Vernacular Press Act of 1878, which
    authorized the government to confiscate newspapers that printed anything against
    British rule. He was also behind the Arms Act of 1878, which prohibited Indians from
    carrying weapons without a license. He was also insensitive towards the needs of
    people and spent an exorbitant amount of money on Delhi Durbar while people died of
    famine in the south. These policies led to mass rage which led to the revolt against him
    and the British rule.
    • Racist Treatment: British were extensively racist towards Indians and treated them as
    inferiors. Ilbert Bill controversy only solidified this fact and caused Indians a lot of rage
    for the unequal treatment they were being meted by the British for no reason other than
    race.
    • Foreign National Movements: Indians took great inspiration from the nationalist
    struggles happening in foreign countries. Events like French Revolution, American Civil
    War, etc. resulted in knowledge of new ideals as well as promoted the Indian National
    Movement.

    National Movement in India: Important Events


    National Movement in India is marked by various events that played an essential role in the fight
    for independence. Each of these movements helped in masses gain insights into why fighting
    for freedom was absolutely necessary. The events which shaped nationalism in India are
    presented below chronologically.
    Year Events of Indian National Movement

    1857 Revolt of 1857

    1905-1911 Swadeshi Movement

    1914-1917 Gadar Movement

    1916-1918 Home Rule Movement

    1917 Champaran Satyagraha

    1919 Rowlatt Satyagrah

    1920 Khilafat and Non-cooperation Movement

    1930 Civil Disobedience Movement and Dandi March

    1942 Quit India Movement

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