INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL SCIENCE & EXPLORATION (IJTSE)

VOL.2, ISSUE 5, OCTOBER 2021

A Review Paper on Sand Manufacturing

Veerojipally Suresh
MTech scholar, Department. Of Civil Engineering, Rathnapura Institute of Technology College of Polytechnic
thukalakhanapur, Sangareddy Telangana, India

Abstract: The reduced availability of natural sand, II. LITERATURE REVIEW

particularly along the east coast of India, and the need to In this article authors described the experimental
make better use of the sand-sized materials created during investigation on fiber-reinforced concrete with mineral
aggregate crushing, have contributed to the development sand. Roy et. al. [1] studied for the compressive and
of "sand produced". The fine powder must be treated in
tensile strength of grades M25 and M30 with different
such a way that the fine fraction is close to the optimal fine
fraction or within a certain recommended range that grades of steel fibers (0%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%). The test
includes the optimal fine fraction. Such knowledge of the is performed on 96 samples in total by means of
optimal fraction would assist quarry operators in compression and tensile strength tests. It was concluded
transforming the crushed rock into fine sand into treated that the resistance is obtained from natural sand and the
sand. For sand produced marketed as a material that replacement of natural sand with M sand in concrete
meets certain recognized specifications, it is therefore up with the addition of steel fibers. The study draws the
to the designer or manufacturer of the concrete to following conclusion. By adding steel fibers to fresh
establish ordinary fine gravel specifications which are concrete, the compressive strength increases with
cheaper and should be good enough for normal concrete,
or sand produced which is more expensive, but should be
resistance to breakage and increases durability. The
a better choice for high strength concrete. This document replacement of river sand with m-sand offers
describes various problems associated with sand making. satisfactory resistance and can be used as an alternative
Keywords: Bamboo fiber, Manufacturing sand, material for river sand. The use of a reinforcing steel
Compressive Strength, Workability. fiber additive increases both the compressive strength
and the flexural strength.
I. INTRODUCTION
90 samples were produced and the concrete was mixed
It is known that valuable aggregates play a crucial role by hand and by machine. An attempt was made by
in concrete. Fine aggregates generally represent over Neeraja et. al. [2] to use sand and coconut fiber in the
one third of the concrete volume. Studies have shown concrete. The concrete used was M-35. In this study,
that changes within the properties of fine aggregates 100% river sand was initially used to prepare the
(sand) can alter the strength and fracture properties of samples. The different types of concrete mixtures used
the concrete. To predict the behavior of concrete under in the preparation of the sample were 100% of river
general stress, it's necessary to understand the sand, 20% of sand sediments and 40%, 60%, 80% and
consequences of the sort of sand, the properties of the 100% of sand replacement. After polymerizing the
sand and therefore the mixing of the mixture. This samples above for 7 or 28 days, tests were performed
understanding can only be achieved through in-depth on them to determine the maximum compressive
tests and observations. strength and flexural strength of the various mixtures.
For normal strength concrete, the compression is almost They concluded that the addition of mixed sand
exclusively due to the removal of the cement paste from significantly increased the compressive, tensile and
the aggregates, which is named "matrix-aggregate flexural strength of concrete, with maximum resistance
interface" for the needs of this report. On the opposite to 80% of crushed sand. The compressive strength of
hand, in high-strength concrete, aggregate particles and the concrete with the above mixture is increased by
therefore the interface are defective, which clearly about 25%. The addition of coconut fiber has
contributes to overall strength. Because the strength of significantly improved the technical properties of
the cement paste increases, the rigidity and resistance concrete, such as tensile strength and bending strength.
are more compatible between the normally stiffer and It should also be noted that compressive strength
stronger fine aggregates and therefore the surrounding decreases when the percentage of coconut fiber varies
adjuvants. The micro-cracks therefore tend to propagate from 0.2% to 1.0%. This is because the addition of
through the mixture particles because not only the coconut fibers increases the vacuum content of the
matrix-aggregate bond is stronger than the low concrete, reducing the compressive strength.
resistance concretes, but also the stresses thanks to the In this paper, Uttamraj and Rafeeq et al. [3] found the
unbalance of the elastic properties are reduced. Sand effect of cold concrete properties, such as ease of
resistance therefore becomes a crucial factor for high- implementation and hardened properties, such as the
strength concrete. compressive strength, tensile strength and bending

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL SCIENCE & EXPLORATION (IJTSE)
VOL.2, ISSUE 5, OCTOBER 2021

strength of concrete. using 0% and 50% and 100% customers in India. Plasticizers are not produced in
natural Robo sand in cubes of 18 cubes of 150 mm x India. They ought to be brought. Furthermore, we've
150 mm x 150 mm replaced 18 cylinders of 150 mm x been used to describing inferiority concrete grades from
300 mm, 18 prisms of 150 mm x 150 mm x 700 mm M-15 to M-30, for which, on the whole, no plasticizer
were melted and tested at the age of 7 and 28 days. In is required. Subsequently there are additives and
the second phase, the 3s recron was mixed with chemical products for the building:
concrete containing 100% sand in different proportions A. Admixtures
of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% and cubes with 27 150
Plasticizers, super plasticizers, retardants and retarding,
mm × 150 dice mm × 150 mm × 150 mm, 27 prisms of
accelerating and additives Accelerating plasticizers,
150 mm × 150 mm × 700 mm expressed and tested at
additive for air entrapment, additive for pozzolan or
the age of 7 days and 28 days. Conclusion: the
minerals, additive for protection against water and
compressive strength of 0% replacement concrete
humidity, additive for gas generator, air Additives that
samples for Robo sand provides a resistance of more
inhibit the expansion of alkaline aggregates.
than 50% and 100%.
B. Construction Chemicals
The present study revealed the effect of using GGBS
and Sand M in partial substitution of cement and fine Crosslinking agent for concrete, polymeric binder,
aggregates, as well as an optimal proportion of modified polymeric mortar for Repair and maintenance,
polypropylene and steel fibers. Deepa and Kumar et al. release agents, protective and decorative coatings,
[4] showed that advances in concrete technology can Assembly aid, floor hardener and powder control agent.
reduce the use of natural resources and energy sources Waterproof building chemicals: - Built-in sealants,
and reduce environmental pollution by pollutants. membrane coating, polymer-modified decorative
Currently, large quantities of GGBS (slag from milled coating, protective and decorative coating, chemical
blast furnace blast furnaces) are produced in industries PCD, water-repellent silicone-based material, crack
with environmental and human impacts. Conventional injection mortar, grouting compounds [6].
concrete has two main disadvantages: low tensile C. SAND
strength and destructive and fragile fracture. To The importance of using the proper kind and quality of
increase the ductility and energy absorption of concrete, aggregates can't be emphasized enough. The fine and
fiber-reinforced concrete was introduced. For this coarse aggregates generally represent 60 to 75 percent
study, M30 grade concrete was developed. The partial of the quantity of concrete (70 to 85 percent by weight)
replacement of cement with GGBS is carried out for and have a robust influence on the properties of
different percentages such as 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% freshness and hardness, mixing the ratios and efficiency
by weight. Together with M, mix with sand and optimal of the concrete. Fine aggregates (Fig. 1.) are generally
fiber content, such as polypropylene (0.4%) and steel made from natural sand. The massive aggregates
fibers (0.6%). The strength properties of the concrete contains one or a mixture of gravel or crushed stone,
were examined from this study. whose particles are generally greater than 5 mm and
III. INNOVATIVE CONCRETE usually between 9.5 and 37.5 mm.
Concrete may be a different material from cement, Some natural rock deposits, called fine stones, are made
water and aggregates it's utilized in concrete and added from gravel and sand, which may easily be utilized in
to the group sooner or later mix. The included fabric concrete after minimal treatment. Natural gravel and
may be a material that was produced within the period sand are generally dug or dragged into a pit, river, lake
of Clinker granulation within the cement plant. or seabed. Gravel is obtained by crushing quarries,
Nowadays, cement is used thereto wide selection of rocks, paving or coarse gravel. The air-cooled blast
purposes to form it reasonable under different furnace slag is additionally used as a fine or coarse
conditions [5]. aggregate. Aggregates are generally washed and sorted
In the 1930s, however, trapped substances and within the pit or plant. Some differences in type,
adjuvants weren't considered basic substances small quality, cleanliness, classification, moisture content and
concrete development. There was more and more use of other properties are expected. Almost half the coarse
adjuvants. Must don't forget that the mixture isn't an aggregates utilized in Portland concrete in North
honest substitute for good cementation the particles. America is gravel; the rest is especially gravel. Natural
Anyway, a kind of additive called water reducer or aggregates are a mixture of rocks and minerals.
flood Reducer and softener all around and super
plasticizer. They’re specially created 1970 in Japan and
Germany. They’re ubiquitous within the us and in
Europe. Also within the East and within the Far East.
Dissatisfaction has various causes for major plasticizer

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 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNICAL SCIENCE & EXPLORATION (IJTSE)
VOL.2, ISSUE 5, OCTOBER 2021

IV. ADVANTAGES OF MANUFACTURED

SAND
• It is well classified in the requested report.
• It does not contain organic and soluble compounds
that influence the setting time and the properties of
the cement. Consequently, the required strength of
the concrete can be maintained.
• It does not contain impurities such as clay clays,
dust and silt. Water needs increase as in the case of
river sand, which alters the bond between cement
paste and aggregates. This increases the quality and
Fig. 1. Natural sand
durability of the concrete.
• Mineral sand is extracted from specific hard rocks
A mineral may be a natural solid with an ordered
using cutting-edge international technology, which
internal structure and a chemical composition within preserves the required sand properties.
narrow limits. The rocks classified as magmatic,
• M-sand has a cubic shape and is made using
sedimentary or metamorphic, counting on their origin,
technologies such as Hit Rock carbon steel and
are generally composed of various minerals. for
ROCK ON ROCK.
instance, granite contains quartz, feldspar, mica and
other minerals. Most limestones are composed of • For the production of M-Sand, modern and imported
calcite, dolomite and little amounts of quartz, feldspar machines are used to provide the sorting area
and clay. Weather and rock erosion causes particles of required for the sand.
rock, gravel, sand, silt and clay. V. CONCLUSION
2M-SAND A review of different experimental studies performed
The sand produced is an alternative to river sand. Due by various researchers has been carried out to examine
to the rapid growth of the construction sector, the various operational parameters viz. workability,
demand for sand has increased enormously, resulting in durability, and compressive strength of concrete with
a lack of adequate river sand. crushed sand as a replacement to the natural sand.
Manufactured sand contains no organic impurities;
Due to the exhaustion of good quality river sand for
construction, the use of sand produced has been hence it gives increased strength of Concrete with the
same cement content. And does not harm the
increased. Another reason to use M-Sand is availability
environment in any way. No wastage since Sand is
and transportation costs.
already sieved in the required size (below 4.75 mm).
Because the sand produced from hard granite rocks can Manufactured sand is economical as compared to
be crushed, it can be readily available nearby, thus natural river sand.
reducing transportation costs from the isolated river
bed. REFERENCES
Therefore, construction costs can be controlled using [1] Roy Mary Ealias., Rajeena, A.P., Sivadutt, S., “Effect of Steel
Fibres on Concrete with M-Sand as a Replacement of Natural
sand produced as an alternative building material. The Sand”. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering.
other advantage of using M-Sand is that it is dust-free Vol.11, pp. 16-24 2018.
and its dimensions can be easily checked to match the [2] D Neeraja, Amir Wani “Study on strength characteristics of
concrete using M-Sand and coconut fibers” IOP Conf. Series:
classification required for the construction in question.
Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 263, 2017.
[3] S.Uttamraj, Dr.Rafeeq “A Experimental Study on M- Sand and
Recron 3s Fiber for M30concrete” Global Journal of Engineering
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Concrete With Using GGBS And M Sand” IJEDR, Volume 6,
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Fig.2 Manufactured Sand

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