The Future of The Surveying Profession

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Minerva Access is the Institutional Repository of The University of Melbourne

Author/s:
Williamson, Ian P.

Title:
The future of the surveying profession: an Australian perspective

Date:
1997

Citation:
Williamson, I. P. (1997). The future of the surveying profession: an Australian perspective.
Geomatica, 51(4), 387-399.

Publication Status:
Published

Persistent Link:
http://hdl.handle.net/11343/34001

File Description:
The future of the surveying profession: an Australian perspective

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