F3a 2

Chapter 4 Linear Inequalities in One Unknown
4A p.2
4B p.11
Chapter 5 Measures of Central Tendency and Other Statistical Values
5A p.20
5B p.32
5C p.45
5D p.53
5E p.60
Chapter 6 More on Deductive Geometry
6A p.67
6B p.80
6C p.87
6D p.97
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1
F3A: Chapter 4A
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Book 3A Lesson Worksheet 4A (Refer to §4.1)
4.1A Solutions of Inequalities and their Graphical Representations
The values of the unknown that can satisfy an inequality are called
the solutions of the inequality.
1. In each of the following, suggest three integers that satisfy the given inequality.
(The first one has been done for you as an example.)
(a) x > 0 1, 2, 3 (b) x < 0

(c) x > 5 (d) x < –6
(e) x ≥ –3 (f) x ≤ 4
Can –3 satisfy x ≥ –3? Can 4 satisfy x ≤
4?
○→ Ex 4A 2
Graphical Representations of the Solutions of Inequalities
x>k x<k
The hollow circle ‘’ means that
the solutions DO NOT INCLUDE
k.
x≥k x≤k
The solid circle ‘’ means that
the solutions INCLUDE k.
Example 1 Instant Drill 1

Use the variable x to write down an inequality Use the variable x to write down an inequality
corresponding to the following figure. corresponding to the following figure.
Sol x<8 Sol
3
Use the variable x to write down an inequality corresponding to each of the following figures.
[Nos. 2–3]
2. (a) 3. (a)
(b) What does (b)

‘’ mean?
○→ Ex 4A 3
Represent the solutions of the inequality x < 4 Represent the solutions of the inequality x < 12
Mark ‘12’ on the number line.
graphically. graphically. ‘12’ is on the (left / right) of
Step 1: Draw a number line. Mark ‘0’.
Sol Step 2: Mark ‘4’ on the number line.
Sol ‘0’.
Step 3: Use ‘ ’ to represent ‘<’.
Represent the solutions of each of the following inequalities graphically. [Nos. 4–7] Use ‘ ’ to
4. (a) x < –3 represent
(b) x ≤ 6
‘≤’.
5. (a) x > 9 (b) x ≥ –7

Use ‘ ’ to
Use ‘ ’ to represent
represent ‘__’.
‘__’.
1
6. x ≤ 1.6 7. x > −
3
○→ Ex 4A 4
4
4.1B Basic Properties of Inequalities
I. Transitive Property and Additive Property
Transitive Property
If a > b and b > c, then a > c. These two properties are still
true when ‘>’ is replaced
Additive Property by ‘≥’, ‘<’ or ‘≤’.
If a > b, then a + c > b + c.

8. Determine whether each of the following conclusions (underlined) is correct.
(a) If x > y and y > 3, then x > 3. (yes / no)
(b) If m ≤ 4 and 4 ≤ n, then m ≥ n. (yes / no)
(c) If h < k, then k – 3 > h – 3. (yes / no)
(d) If r ≥ 3, then r + 5 ≥ 8. (yes / no)

○→ Ex 4A 7(a), (b)
II. Multiplicative Property
(a) If a > b and c is a positive number, then These two properties are
ac > bc. still true when ‘>’
(b) If a > b and c is a negative number, then and ‘<’ are replaced
ac < bc. by ‘≥’ and ‘≤’
respectively.
9. Fill in each of the following blanks with ‘>’, ‘<’, ‘≥’ or ‘≤’.
(a) If p > q, then 7p □ 7 q.
(b) If m < n, then –2m □ –2n. When multiplying the
same negative number
(c) If a ≥ 6, then 5a □ 30. to both sides of an
inequality, remember
(d) If y ≤ –7, then 3y □ –21. to reverse the
h inequality sign.
(e) If h < 12, then □ 3.
4
(f) If –2x ≥ 10, then x □ –5.
Multiply both
sides by
○→ Ex 4A 7(c), (d)
1
.
4
5
III. Reciprocal Property
1 1
(a) If a > b > 0, then < . e.g. Since 3 > 2 > 0, we have
a b
1 1
< .
1 1 3 2
(b) If a < b < 0, then > . e.g. Since –5 < – 4 < 0, we have
a b
1 1
− > − .
5 4
Note: The following are also true.
1 1
(i) If a ≥ b > 0, then ≤ .
a b
1 1
(ii) If a ≤ b < 0, then ≥ .
a b
10. Fill in each of the following blanks with ‘>’, ‘<’, ‘≥’ or ‘≤’.
1 1
(a) If r > s > 0, then □ .
r s
1
(b) If h ≥ 5, then □ 1.
h 5
1
(c) If x < –2, then □ −1. When taking reciprocals on
both sides of an
x 2
inequality, remember
(d) If y ≤ –6, then
1
□ −1. to reverse the
y 6 inequality sign.
○
→ Ex 4A 7(e)
 Level Up Question
11. It is given that a > b > 0. Determine whether each of the following inequalities must be true.
7 7
(a) 3a + 8 > 3b + 8 (b) − < −
a b
(a) a > b
3a __ 3b Multiplicative property
3a + 8 __ 3b + 8 Additive property
∴ The inequality (must be / is not) true.
(b) ∵ a > b > 0
1 1
∴ __ Reciprocal property
a b
7 7
− __ − Multiplicative property
a b
∴ The inequality (must be / is not) true.
6
New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 3A
4 Linear Inequalities in One Unknown

Consolidation Exercise
4A

Level 1
1. Use an inequality to represent each of the following.
(a) y is greater than 2.
(b) One third of a is less than 5.
(c) The sum of h and k is greater than or equal to −13.
(d) Eight times of m is less than the square of n.
(e) The result of p minus q is not greater than the product of r and s.
2. (a) Suggest two integers that satisfy x > −5.

(b) Suggest two decimals that satisfy x < 15.5.
6
(c) Suggest two fractions that satisfy x ≥ .
13
3. Use the variable x to write down an inequality corresponding to each of the following figures.
(a) (b)
0 3 –4 0
(c) (d)
0 5 –3 0
2
(e) (f)
0 4.3 –13 0
4. Represent the solutions of each of the following inequalities graphically.

3
(a) x ≥ 2 (b) x < −10 (c) x >
8
(d) x ≥ −0.5 (e) x < 4π (f) 7 ≥x
7
5. (a) Use the variable y to write down an inequality corresponding
to the figure on the right.
(b) Which of the following numbers is/are solution(s) of the
– 22 0
inequality obtained in (a)? 7
22
−4, −3.14, 0, − , −π
7
6. Fill in the following blanks with inequality signs ‘>’, ‘<’, ‘≥’ or ‘≤’.
(a) If x < y, then x − 7 y − 7.
(b) If a + 4 ≥ b + 4, then a b.
(c) If r > s, then 3r 3s.
(d) If −6p ≤ −6q, then p q.
3 3
(e) If m > n > 0, then .
m n
7. It is given that x > 0. Determine whether each of the following inequalities is true.
x x
(a) x + 4 > x + 2 (b) 7x < 4x (c) − < −
2 3
8. It is given that x < 0. Determine whether each of the following inequalities is true.
x x 3 1
(a) 6 − x > −6 − x (b) < − (c) >
5 4 x x
9. With effect from 1 May 2017, the statutory minimum wage in Hong Kong is $34.5 per hour. Let
$x be the hourly wage of a worker employed by a company on 1 May 2017. Write down an
inequality in x and represent its solutions graphically.
Level 2
10. In each of the following, write down two inequalities satisfying the given conditions. Suppose
the solutions of the two inequalities are represented graphically on the same number line with
two arrows.
(a) Condition 1: Their solutions include 0 and 2.
Condition 2: The two arrows point to the same direction.
(b) Condition 1: Their solutions include 1 and 5.
Condition 2: The two arrows point to different directions.
8
11. Determine whether each of the following statements is true.
5y
(a) If y < 15, then < 25.
3
(b) If x ≥ 3, then 2x − 2 ≥ 3.
1 0 .5
(c) If z < − , then − > 1.5.
3 z
12. It is given that a > b > 0. Determine whether each of the following inequalities must be true.
3 3
(a) 6a > 6b (b) 2 − b > 2 − a (c) <
a +1 b +1
13. It is given that a < b < 0. Determine whether each of the following inequalities must be true.
a+5 b+5 π π
(a) > (b) − > − (c) a − 5 < b − 3
2 2 b a
14. In each of the following, if x ≤ −3, represent the range of values of y by an inequality.
(a) y = x + 1
(b) y = 2x
(c) y = −3x + 4
6
(d) y =
x
15. The production cost $C of n toy cars in a factory is given by:

C = 4 000 + 13n
If at least 600 toy cars are produced, find the range of values of C.
16. Raymond has three $2 coins and four $5 coins while Carmen has x $2 coins and eight $5 coins.
Let $A be the total amount of coins that Raymond and Carmen have.
(a) Express A in terms of x.
(b) If Carmen has at most 13 coins, find the maximum possible value of A.
9
Answer
Consolidation Exercise 4A
1
1. (a) y > 2 (b) a <5
3
(c) h + k ≥ −13 (d) 8m < n2
(e) p − q ≤ rs
2. (a) −4, 0 (or other reasonable answers)
(b) 15.4, −0.2 (or other reasonable answers)
7 3
(c) , (or other reasonable answers)
13 2
3. (a) x > 3 (b) x ≥ −4
3
(c) x < 5 (d) x ≤ −
2
(e) x ≥ 4.3 (f) x < −13
22
5. (a) y < − (b) −4
7
6. (a) < (b) ≥
(c) > (d) ≥
(e) <
7. (a) yes (b) no (c) yes
8. (a) yes (b) yes (c) no
9. x ≥ 34.5
10. (a) x > −2, x ≥ −1
(or other reasonable answers)
(b) x > 0, x ≤ 6 (or other reasonable answers)
11. (a) yes (b) yes (c) no
12. (a) yes (b) yes (c) yes
13. (a) no (b) yes (c) yes
14. (a) y ≤ −2 (b) y ≤ −6
(c) y ≥ 13 (d) y ≥ −2
15. C ≥ 11 800
16. (a) A = 66 + 2x (b) 76
10
F3A: Chapter 4B
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Book 3A Lesson Worksheet 4B (Refer to §4.2)
4.2A Solving Linear Inequalities in One Unknown

Solve x + 2 > 7. Solve y – 8 ≤ 1.
Sol x + 2 > 7 Sol y – 8 ≤ 1
Transposing terms
x>7–2 x+2>7 y≤1
x>5 x+2–2>7–2
x>7–2
1. Solve 4 + h < –6. 2. Solve –5 + k ≥ –3.
○→ Ex 4B 1, 2
Solve the following inequalities. Solve the following inequalities.
(a) 2x < 6 (b) –3x ≥ 12 (a) 7x > –7 (b) –8x ≤ 24
Sol (a) 2x < 6 Sol (a) 7x > –7
6 −7
x< 2x < 6 x□
2 2x 6
<
( )
x<3 2 2
6
(b) –3x ≥ 12 x< (b) –8x ≤ 24
2
12 24
x≤ x□
−3 ( )
x ≤ –4
When dividing both sides
by the same negative
3. number, remember to
Solve the following inequalities.
reverse the inequality
(a) 9x < 18 sign. x
(b) ≥6
−5 When multiplying
both sides by the
same negative
number,
remember to
reverse the
○→ Ex 4B 3–5
13
Solve the inequality 2x – 1 < 9 and represent Solve the inequality 3x – 5 ≥ 16 and represent
the solutions graphically. the solutions graphically.
Sol 2x – 1 < 9 Sol 3x – 5 ≥ 16
2x < 9 + 1
2x < 10
10
x<
2
x<5
Graphical representation: Graphical representation:
○→ Ex 4B 7, 8
Solve the following inequalities and represent the solutions graphically. [Nos. 4–7]
4. 2x > 8x + 18 5. 7x – 10 ≥ 10 – 2x
○→ Ex 4B 11–13
6. 2(x – 7) ≤ 10 7. 3(x – 5) < 4(x + 1)
○→ Ex 4B 14, 15
14
4.2B Applications of Linear Inequalities in One Unknown

The sum of x and x + 1 is less than 27. Find the The result of y plus 10 is greater than twice y.
range of values of x. Find the range of values of y.
Sol x + (x + 1) < 27 Sol
2x + 1 < 27
2x < 26
x < 13
8. If the perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 9. The length of a rectangle is 15 m. If the

at most 51 cm, find the greatest possible perimeter of the rectangle is at least 40 m,
length of each side. find the least possible width of the
rectangle.
Let x cm be the length of each side of the
equilateral triangle.
∴ The greatest possible length of each

side is .
10. Sharon has four $10 coins and some $5 coins. If the total value of the coins is not more than
$100, at most how many $5 coins does she have?
○→ Ex 4B 19–24
15
‘Explain Your Answer’ Question
11. A piece of wire is bent to form a circle of radius x cm. If the length of the wire cannot exceed
6 cm, can x be an integer? Explain your answer.
Circumference of the circle = Express the circumference of
the circle in terms of x first.
Then set up an inequality in
x.
∴ x (can / cannot) be an integer.
 Level Up Questions
Solve the following inequalities and represent the solutions graphically. [Nos. 12–13]
4x −1
12. >x+8
3
Graphical representation:
x
13. 9 – x ≤ 11 –
6
16
4 Linear Inequalities in One Unknown

4B

Level 1
Solve each of the following inequalities and represent the solutions graphically. [Nos. 1−15]
1. x + 5 > 25 2. x − 1 < 14
x
3. 9x ≤ 27 4. ≥4
6
x+4
5. −4x > 8 6. ≤2
−7
7. −15 < 9x + 3 8. 3 − 10x < −17
7x
9. −x − 1 > 6 10. + 3 ≤ 31
2
11. 3x + 5 > −2x + 15 12. 5(x − 3) ≥ 12 + 2x
11x x+3
13. + 2 > 26 + x 14. < 2 + 3x
5 −2
x
15. + 4 < 42 − 2x
9
16. The sum of x and 4 is less than 5 times of x. Find the range of values of x.
17. The sum of two consecutive even numbers exceeds 39. Find the range of values of the smaller
number.
18. The perimeter of a regular hexagon is at most 360 cm. Find the greatest possible length of each
side.
19. The weights of two animals differ by 10 kg and the sum of their weights is at least 90 kg. Find
the least possible weight of the heavier animal.
17
Level 2
Solve each of the following inequalities and represent the solutions graphically. [Nos. 20−24]
x 1 5x x 7
20. + ≤ 21. 1 + x > +
3 6 2 3 8
5 x − 4 3x − 1 4x −1 9 − 2x
22. < +1 23. −3≤
3 2 7 14
2 x − 3 x 3 x − 1 14
24. + ≥ −
2 3 5 15
7( x − 4 ) 5 x − 1
25.(a) Solve the inequality ≥ .
−3 6
(b) Write down all positive integers satisfying the inequality in (a).
1 − 3x 6x + 2
26. (a) Solve the inequality +x> .
2 −5
(b) If x is an integer, find the least value of x satisfying the inequality in (a).
27. It is given that the sum of three consecutive numbers does not exceed 42. What is the maximum
possible value of the smallest number among them?
28. In a regular polygon, the sum of the exterior angles is not less than 3 times of each interior angle.
At most how many sides does the polygon have?
29. A, B and C are three points on a straight road. The distance

between A and B is 15 km and the distance between B and
C is 7 km. A car travels from A to B at an average speed of 15 km 7 km
45 km/h. If the car spends at most 30 min to travel from A A B C
to C, what is the minimum average speed of the car
travelling from B to C?
30. Angela has invited 10 classmates to her party. She plans to buy either a story book or a
chocolate gift box to each classmate and the total budget is $1 200. Suppose that each story
book costs $150 and each chocolate gift box costs $100. If Angela wants to buy as many story
books as possible, how many chocolate gift boxes could she buy?
18
Answer
Consolidation Exercise 4B
1. x > 20 2. x < 15
3. x ≤ 3 4. x ≥ 24
5. x < −2 6. x ≥ −18
7. x > −2 8. x > 2
9. x < −7 10. x ≤ 8
11. x > 2 12. x ≥ 9
13. x > 20 14. x > −1
15. x < 18 16. x > 1
17. greater than or equal to 20
18. 60 cm 19. 50 kg
1 3
20. x ≥ 21. x > −
13 16
22. x < 11 23. x ≤ 5.3
1
24. x ≥
2
25. (a) x ≤ 3 (b) 1, 2, 3
9
26. (a) x > − (b) −1
7
27. 13 28. 6
29. 42 km/h 30. 6
19
F3A: Chapter 5A
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Book 3A Lesson Worksheet 5A (Refer to §5.1A−C)
5.1A Mean
For a set of n data x1, x2, x3,…, xn,

x + x + x + ⋯ + xn
mean ( x ) = 1 2 3
n

Find the mean of the following set of data. Find the mean of the following set of data.
8, 12, 15, 17 0, 4, 7, 11, 13
8 + 12 + 15 + 17 0+4+( )+( )+( )
Sol Mean = Sol Mean =
4 Number of data = ( ) Number of data
= 13 4 = = ____
1. Find the mean of the following set of data. 2. Find the mean of the following set of data.
−4, −3, −1, 3, 4, 7 11 kg, 19 kg, 21 kg, 32 kg, 40 kg
○→ Ex 5A 1
3. The prices of 4 books are $65, $40, $72 4. The heights of 5 boys are 123 cm, 110 cm,
and $83. Find the mean price of these 4 145 cm, 136 cm and 136 cm. Find the
books. mean height of these 5 boys.
○→ Ex 5A 2, 3
22
5.1B Median
(a) Median is the value in the middle of a set of data arranged in
ascending or descending order.
(b) To find the median of a set of n data:
Step 1: Arrange the data in ascending or descending order.
Step 2: (i) If n is odd,
median = the middle datum.  n +1
i.e. the   th datum
(ii) If n is even,  2 
median = the mean of the middle two data. i.e. the mean of the
n  n +1
  th and   th
2  2 
data

Find the median of each of the following sets Find the median of each of the following sets
of data. of data.
(a) 30, 60, 50, 40, 80 (a) 2, 4, 10, 16, 8
(b) 22, 16, 40, 32, 55, 14 (b) 28, 32, 24, 16
Step 1
Sol (a) Arranging the data in ascending Sol (a) Arranging the data in ascending order:
order: Step 2: 2, 4, ____, ____, ____
30, 40, 50, 60, 80 n = 5, odd number
n = ____,
median
Median (odd / even)
Median = 50 = the middle datum
number
=
Step 1
(b) Arranging the data in ascending order: (b) Arranging the data in ascending order:
14, 16, 22, 32, 40, 55 16, ____, ____, ____
Step 2: n = ____,
22 + 32 (odd / even)
Median = n = 6, even number Median
2 median number
= 27 = the mean of the
=
middle two data
5. Find the median of each of the following sets of data.

(a) 23 m, 16 m, 19 m (b) $62, $72, $67, $69
○→ Ex 5A 4, 5
23
6. (a) The weights of 6 dogs are 4.7 kg, 7. It is given that the mean of the following
5.1 kg, 4.5 kg, 3.6 kg, 3.2 kg and set of data is 10.
4.2 kg. Find the median of the weights 6, 12, x, 9
of the dogs. (a) Find the value of x.
(b) The weights of 7 bags of dog food are (b) Find the median of the set of data.
10 kg, 12 kg, 11 kg, 6 kg, 13 kg, 8 kg
and 6 kg. Find the median of the 6 + 12 + ( )+( )
weights of the dog food. (a) 10 =
( )
=
(b) Arranging the data in ascending order:

6, ____, ____, ____
Median =
○→ Ex 5A 6
8. It is given that the mean of the following 9. It is given that the mean of the following
data is 9. data is 11.
14, 7, x, 8, 16 13, y, 20, 7, 5, 9
(a) Find the value of x. (a) Find the value of y.
(b) Find the median of the data. (b) Find the median of the data.
○→ Ex 5A 12
24
5.1C Mode
Mode = the datum with the highest frequency

Find the mode of each of the following sets of Find the mode of each of the following sets of
data. data.
(a) 5, 8, 8, 10 (a) 9, 5, 6, 5, 4
(b) 13, 20, 18, 20, 12, 20 (b) 32, 28, 31, 57, 29, 31
Sol (a) 5 , 8 , 8 , 10 Sol (a)

Mode = 8
(b) 13 , 20 , 18 , 20 , 12 , (b)
Mode20= 20

Find the mode of each of the following sets of Find the mode of each of the following sets of
data. data.
(a) 2, 6, 6, 3, 2 (a) 27, 24, 20, 25, 29, 30
(b) 1, 3, 4, 9, 7, 8 (b) 8, 7, 5, 3, 7, 8
Sol (a) 2 , 6 , 6 , 3 , 2 Sol (a)

2 and 6 have the same highest frequency.
The modes are 2 and 6.
(b) 1 , 3 , 4 , 9 , 7 , 8
(b)
The frequencies of all data are the same.
There is no mode in this set of data.
10. Find the mode of each of the following 11. Find the mode of each of the following
sets of data. sets of data.
(a) 1, 2, 6, 18, 20, 23, 20 (a) 45, 52, 52, 48, 49, 45
(b) 7 s, 7 s, 8 s, 6 s, 5 s, 7 s, 6 s (b) 72°C, 78°C, 92°C, 94°C, 64°C, 102°C
(c) 11 m, 10 m, 15 m, 13 m, 15 m, 14 m (c) 20 L, 17 L, 23 L, 17 L, 15 L, 23 L
○→ Ex 5A 7, 8
25
12. The stem-and-leaf diagram shows a set of data. Find the
Stem (10) Leaf (1)
mean, the median and the mode of the given data.
0 1 1
1+ ( )+( )+( )+( )+( ) 1 2 4 6 9
Mean = =
( ) Total number of data =
____
Median =
Mode = ○→ Ex 5A 9
13. Consider the following set of data.
4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 4, x, 3
Jason claims that the mode of the given data set could only be 4. Do you agree? Explain your
answer.
The frequency of 4 is ___.
May any other datum have
such frequency or
higher?
∴ The claim is (agreed / disagreed).

14. The scores of 11 students in a test are shown in the Stem (10) Leaf (1)
stem-and-leaf diagram. Find the mean, the median and
7 3 5
the mode of these scores.
8 2 4 4 8 9
9 0 7 7 8
15. It is given that the mean of six numbers 9, 7, 6, 4, x and 2 is 5. Find the median and the mode
of these six numbers.
26
5 Measures of Central Tendency and Other Statistical Values

5A

Level 1
1. Find the mean of each of the following sets of data.
(a) 1, 4, 7, 11, 15, 16
(b) 9, 6, 5, 5, 14
(c) −6°C, −2°C, 0°C, 1°C, 8°C, 8°C, 12°C
2. Sam bought 4 books last month. Their prices were $50, $100, $120 and $80.
(a) Find the mean price of these 4 books.
(b) Sam bought another book this month at $90. Find the mean price of the books bought by
Sam over these two months.
3. Find the median of each of the following sets of data.

(a) 2, 4, 6, 8, 11
(b) 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21
(c) 0, 11, 1, 9, 3, −4, −7
(d) 45 mL, 78 mL, 13 mL, 0 mL, 69 mL, 26 mL
4. The following are the numbers of pineapple buns sold by a restaurant over a week.
35, 16, 30, 27, 40, 59, 66
Find the median of the numbers of pineapple buns sold.
5. Find the mode of each of the following sets of data.

(a) 5, 5, 6, 9, 9, 9
(b) 3, 3, 3, 17, 17, 28, 28, 91
(c) −11°C, −9°C, −7°C, 1°C, 8°C
(d) 18 cm, 15 cm, 6 cm, 18 cm, 3 cm, 7 cm, 6 cm, 18 cm, 6 cm
27
6. The weights (in kg) of 16 students in a dancing class are shown in the following stem-and-leaf
diagram.
Weights of 16 students in a dancing class
Stem (10 kg) Leaf (1 kg)
4 2
5 1 1 1 5 6 7 8 9
6 0 3 3 4
7 3 3
8 4
Find the mean, the median and the mode of these weights.
7. If the median of 43, 46, 54 and x is 48, find the value of x.
8. The integers 4, 9, 16, p, q, 19, 21, 26, where p ≠ q, are arranged in ascending order. If the
median is 17, find the values of p and q.
9. If the mean of 20, 2, −7, m and 17 is 9, find the median of these five numbers.
10. The population sizes of two countries H and T are very close. The median monthly household
income of H lies in the class interval $25 000−$29 999, and that of T lies in the class interval
$20 000−$24 999. Which country has higher monthly household income in general? Explain
your answer.
11. The numbers of tourists of an island in each of the past six months are as follows.
1 800, 2 300, 400, 6 900, 1 800, 1 800
(a) Find the mean, the median and the mode of the above data.
(b) Which average(s) is/are suitable to reflect the central tendency of this set of data? Explain
your answer.
Level 2
12. If the mode of the following set of data is 9, find the values of x and y.
7, 2, 5, 3x, 12, 5, 8 + y, 9
13.The median of the five numbers x + 4, x + 7, x − 1, 4, x + 10 is 8. Find the mean of these five
numbers.
28
14. There are 6 numbers in a data set and one of them is 5. If it is changed to 11, then the mean will
become 6. Find the original mean.
15. There are 16 boys and 14 girls in S3A. The mean height of the boys is 175 cm, while that of the
girls is 160 cm. What is the mean height of the whole class?
16. Sally has to take a total of 5 tests in a school term. The following are the marks got by Sally in
the first 4 tests.
96, 82, 85, 88
If she wants to get a mean of 90 marks in the school term, how many marks should she get in
the last test?
17.Priscilla has 6 containers. Their capacities are as follows.

800 mL, 1 L, 250 mL, 250 mL, 300 mL, 1 L
(a) Find the mean capacity of the containers.
(b) Later, Priscilla buys four new identical containers. She finds that the mean capacity of all
containers she has is 550 mL. Find the capacity of each new container.
18.The mean, the median and the mode of the four data in a data set are 5, 5.5 and 8 respectively.
Construct the data set.
19.The mean and the median of the six data in a data set are both 11. The modes are 6 and 16. If
one of the data is 14, construct the data set.
20.In a data set of seven numbers, both the median and the mean are equal to 3. If the data set has
only one datum greater than 3, construct the data set.
21.In a data set of eight even numbers, the median is greater than the mean and the mode.
Construct the data set if the median is given as 24.
29
22.8 statisticians from Russia and 8 statisticians from U.S. join a data mining competition. The
number of projects completed by each statistician is recorded as follows.
Russia 7 8 9 9 9 9 14 15
U.S. 8 10 10 10 12 12 13 13
(a) Find
(i) the mean,
(ii) the median,
(iii) the mode
of the numbers of projects completed by the statisticians in each country.
(b) According to the results of (a), which country of statisticians performed better in general?
Explain your answer.
23.The following are the monthly mobile data usage (in GB) of two groups of people.
Group A Group B
5.6 6.4 4.5 6.4 15.8 3.5 4.9 5.5
8.3 5.6 4.8 6.4 3.7 2.3 2.3 4.6
5.3 4.7 7.9 5.6 3.8 4.6 4.4 3.2
(a) Determine whether the mean, the median or the mode is most suitable to compare the
monthly mobile data usage of these two groups of people. Explain your answer.
(b) From the result of (a), calculate the suitable average of the monthly mobile data usage in
(i) Group A,
(ii) Group B.
(c) Using the results of (b), compare the monthly mobile data usage of the two groups of
people in general.
30
Answer
1. (a) 9
(b) 7.8
(c) 3°C
2. (a) $87.5
(b) $88
3. (a) 6
(b) 6.5
(c) 1
(d) 35.5 mL
4. 35
5. (a) 9
(b) 3
(c) no mode
(d) 6 cm and 18 cm
6. mean = 60 kg, median = 58.5 kg,
mode = 51 kg
7. 50
8. p = 16, q = 18
9. 13
10. Country H
11. (a) mean = 2 500, median = 1 800,
mode = 1 800
(b) median or mode
12. x = 3, y = 1
13. 8
14. 5
15. 168 cm
16. 99
17. (a) 600 mL
(b) 475 mL
18. 1, 3, 8, 8
19. 6, 6, 8, 14, 16, 16
20. 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4 (or other reasonable answers)
21. 2, 2, 2, 22, 26, 26, 28, 28
22. (a) (i) Russia: 10, U.S.: 11
(ii) Russia: 9, U.S.: 11
(iii) Russia: 9, U.S.: 10
(b) U.S.
23. (a) median
(b) (i) 5.6 GB
(ii) 4.1 GB
(c) People in group B use less mobile data in general.
31
F3A: Chapter 5B
Date Task Progress

○ Skipped
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(Video Teaching)

○ Skipped
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5B Level 1
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○ Skipped
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○ Skipped
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5B Multiple Choice
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Self-Test
○ Skipped _________
32
Book 3A Lesson Worksheet 5B (Refer to §5.2)
5.2A Averages of a Set of Discrete Data

(I) Mean and Mode
For a set of data x1, x2, x3,…, xn with frequencies f1, f2, f3,…, fn respectively,
x1 f1 + x2 f 2 + x3 f 3 + ⋯ + xn f n
(i) mean ( x ) =
f1 + f 2 + f 3 + ⋯ + f n
(ii) mode = the datum with the highest frequency

Consider the frequency distribution table. Consider the frequency distribution table.
Datum 3 5 7 10 Datum 1 3 5 8
Frequency 6 4 8 2 Frequency 4 10 2 4
For this set of data, find the For this set of data, find the
(a) mean, (b) mode. (a) mean, (b) mode.
Sol (a) Mean Sol (a) Mean
3 × 6 + 5 × 4 + 7 × 8 + 10 × 2 1× ( ) + 3 × ( ) + ( ) × ( ) + ( ) × ( )
= =
6+4+8+ 2 4 + 10 + ( ) + ( )
= 5.7 =
(b) Mode = 7 (b) Mode =
highest frequency = 8 highest frequency = ____
1. Consider the frequency distribution table. 2. The table below shows the numbers of
Datum 4 6 8 10 15 books that Anna read in each of the last 12
Frequency 7 5 3 2 1 months.
For this set of data, find the Number of books 2 3 4 5 6
(a) mean, (b) mode. Frequency 2 2 1 2 5
For this set of data, find the
(a) mean, (b) mode.
○→ Ex 5B 1, 3(a), (c), 4(a), (c)
33
(II) Median
Consider a set of n data arranged in ascending (or descending) order.

(i) When n is odd,
 n +1
median = the   th datum
 2 
(ii) When n is even,
n n 
the th datum + the  + 1 th datum
median =
2 2 
2

Consider the frequency distribution table. Consider the frequency distribution table.
Datum 3 5 7 10 Datum 2 4 6 9 11
Frequency 6 4 8 2 Frequency 1 4 4 6 3
Find the median of the set of data. Find the median of the set of data.
Sol Total frequency = 6 + 4 + 8 + 2 Sol Total frequency =
= 20 n is even.
The middle two data are the 10th and n is (odd /
even).
the 11th data. 20
= 10, 10 + 1 = 11
∴ Median 2
the 10th datum + the 11th datum
=
2
5+7
=
2
=6
3. Consider the frequency distribution table. 4. The table below shows the daily maximum
Datum 5 7 12 13 19 temperatures of a city last month.
Frequency 9 8 6 5 3 Temperature (°C ) 22 23 24 25 26
Find the median of the set of data. Frequency 3 2 7 10 8
Find the median of the temperatures.
Total frequency =
○→ Ex 5B 2, 3(b), 4(b)
34
5.2B Averages and Other Statistical Values of Data Grouped into Intervals
(I) Mean and Modal Class
For a set of data grouped into intervals with class marks x1, x2, x3,…, xn
with frequencies f1, f2, f3,…, fn respectively,
x f + x2 f 2 + x3 f 3 + ⋯ + xn f n
(a) mean ( x ) = 1 1 ,
f1 + f 2 + f 3 + ⋯ + f n
(b) modal class is the class interval with the highest frequency.
e.g. Consider a set of data is grouped as follows.
Class interval Class mark (xi) Frequency (fi)
10−19 14.5 (x1) 1 (f1)
20−29 24.5 (x2) 3 (f2) Class mark
34.5 (x3) 6 (f3) lower + upper
30−39 class limit class limit
=
14.5 × 1 + 24.5 × 3 + 34.5 × 6 2
(a) Mean ( x ) = = 29.5
1+ 3 + 6 10 + 19
=
(b) The modal class is 30−39. 2
= 14.5
5. A set of data is grouped as follows. 6. A set of data is grouped as follows.

Class interval Class mark Frequency Class interval Class mark Frequency
1−10 8 1 −5 7
11−20 4 6−10 5
21−30 5 11−15 2
31−40 3 16−20 8
(a) Complete the Class mark 21−25 3
above table. lower upper (a) Complete the above table.
+
class limit class limit (b) Find the mean.
=
(b) Find the mean. 2 (c) Find the modal class.
highest
frequen
(c) Find the modal class. cy
The class interval with the highest
= ____
frequency is __________________.
∴ The modal class is __________
_________________________.
35
7. The table on the right shows the daily
Number of visitors Class mark Frequency
numbers of visitors of a gallery in 20 days.
101−150 8
(a) Complete the table.
(b) Find the mean and the modal class. 151−200 2
201−250 10
○→ Ex 5B 5, 6, 10
(II) Median
To find median from a cumulative

Test results of a group of students
frequency polygon (or curve):
Step 1: Find the total frequency (n)
Cumulative frequency
n 40
of the data.
Step 2: Read the value on the horizontal 30
axis corresponding to the n
20
n 2
cumulative frequency . 10
2
0
50 60 70 80 90
Mark
median

The following cumulative frequency polygon The following cumulative frequency curve
shows the weights of 80 children. shows the heights of 200 trees in a country park.
Weights of 80 children Heights of 200 trees in a country park
80
200
60
150
40
100
median
20
50
0
0
30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5
2.05 3.05 4.05 5.05 6.05
Weight (kg) Height (m)
Use the diagram to find the median. Use the diagram to find the median.
Sol From the diagram, total frequency (n) = 80, Sol From the diagram, n = ____,
median = 48.5 kg n median = n
= 40 = ____
2 2
36
8. The following cumulative frequency 9. The following cumulative frequency curve
polygon shows the lengths of 50 sticks. shows the results of 100 students in a quiz.
Lengths of 50 sticks Results of 100 students in a quiz
50 100
40 80
30 60
20 40
10 20
0 0
40.5 45.5 50.5 55.5 60.5 2040 60 80 100
Length (cm) Mark
Use the diagram to find the median.
Use the diagram to find the median.
○→ Ex 5B 7
(III) Quartiles and Percentiles
(a) Quartiles (b) Percentiles

Test results of Lengths of 100 pencils
a group of students 100
(n)
40
 3
n×  80
 4  30
Divide  2 Divide
n×  60
into  4 into
 1  20
4 n×  100
equa  4 equal 40
l 10 parts
parts
20
0 Q1
e.g. From the above 70 80 Q2 90
cumulative
Mark
Q3 100
frequency e.g. From
0 the above cumulative frequency
P P
curve, curve, 2 4 6 40 8 80 10
1st quartile = Q1 40th percentile =Length
P40 (cm)
= 75 = 4.8 cm
2nd quartile = Q2 80th percentile = P80
= 80 = 6.4 cm
3rd quartile = Q3 Q is also called the
1
= 90 lower quartile.
Q2 is the same as
the median.
Q3 is also called the

upper quartile.
37
10. The following cumulative frequency curve 11. The following cumulative frequency
shows the lengths of 40 scarves. polygon shows the weights of some coins.
Lengths of 40 scarves Weights of some coins
40 80
30 60
20 40
10 20
0 Q1 0
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 3.5 5.5 7.5 9.5 11.5
Length (m) Weight (g)
Use the diagram to find the 1st, 2nd and Use the diagram to find the 1st, 2nd and
3rd quartiles (Q1, Q2 and Q3) of the lengths. 3rd quartiles (Q1, Q2 and Q3) of the
weights.
Q1 = the 10th datum =
Q2 =  1
Q3 = Q1 = the  n ×  th
 4
○→ Ex 5B 8
12. The following cumulative frequency curve 13. The following cumulative frequency
shows the weights of 100 teenagers. polygon shows the prices of some bags.
Weights of 100 teenagers Prices of some bags
100 80
80 60
60 40
40 20
20 0
145 195 245 295 345
Price ($)
0
40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5 Use the diagram to find the 35th and 90th
P20 Weight (kg) percentiles (P35 and P90) of the prices.
Use the diagram to find the 20th and 70th
percentiles (P20 and P70) of the weights.  35 
P35 = the n ×  th datum
P20 = the 20th datum =  100 
P70 =
○→ Ex 5B 9
38
14. The following data are the prices (in $) of 20 pens.
3 7 4 4 5 4 6 7 6 6
6 7 5 7 6 5 3 6 5 3
(a) Complete the table below for the given data.

Price ($) 3 4 5 6 7
Frequency
(b) Hence, find the mean, the median and the mode of the given data.
15.The cumulative frequency curve shows the heights of 80 students.

Heights of 80 students
80
60
40
20
Use the diagram to find0the

(a) median, (b) 3rd
1.4 1.5 quartile,
1.6 1.7 1.8 (c) 35th percentile
of the heights. Height (m)
39

5B

Level 1
1. The following table shows the numbers of children in 20 families.
Number of children 0 1 2 3
Number of families 4 8 5 3
Find the mean of this set of data.
2. Find the median in each of the following distributions.

(a) Prices of 13 sandwiches:
Price ($) 7 9 11 13 15
Frequency 1 2 3 4 3
(b) Numbers of cars in 30 car parks:
Number of cars 35 46 55 63 67
Frequency 7 8 9 3 3
3. The following table shows the number of tutorial classes that each S3A student attended last
month.
Number of tutorial classes attended Tally
0 /
2 /
4 //
8 ///
12 ///
For this set of data, find the
(a) mean, (b) median, (c) mode.
4. The following table shows the numbers of paintings drawn by different artists in a year.
Complete the table and find the mean of the data.
Number of Class
Frequency
paintings mark
17−21 19 8
22−26 18
27−31 8
32−36 12
37−41 4
40
5. The table below shows the numbers of hamburgers sold by 30 restaurants yesterday.
Number of hamburgers sold 20−24 25−29 30−34 35−39 40−44
Frequency 3 6 9 7 5
Find the mean number of hamburgers sold, correct to the nearest integer.
6. The following cumulative frequency polygon shows the taxes paid by a group of workers.
Taxes paid by a group of workers
25
20
15
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Tax ($100)
(a) Find the number of workers in the group.
(b) Find the median of the taxes paid by that group of workers.
7. The following cumulative frequency curve shows the numbers of pages of some novels.
Numbers of pages of some novels
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
100 200 300 400 500 600
Number of pages
From the diagram, find
(a) the 1st and the 3rd quartiles (Q1 and Q3),
(b) the 20th and the 70th percentiles (P20 and P70)
of the numbers of pages of the novels.
41
8. Find the modal class in each of the following distributions.
(a) Numbers of students in some schools:
Number of students 400−499 500−599 600−699 700−799 800−899
Frequency 5 7 8 6 9
(b) Total amount spent by each tourist in a city yesterday:

Total amount ($) 3 000−3 999 4 000−4 999 5 000−5 999 6 000−6 999
Frequency 1 100 2 700 5 900 3 400
Level 2
9. The data below are the numbers of CDs owned by some teenagers.
5 4 6 2 3
4 8 3 4 5
6 2 7 4 3
(a) Complete the table below for the given data.
Number of CDs 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency
(b) Hence, find the mean, the median and the mode of the given data.
10.The data below are the numbers of monkeys found at 21 locations near a hillside.
21 13 34 45 17 19 55
19 25 38 14 36 12 23
52 28 18 24 46 14 63
(a) Construct a frequency distribution table by using the class intervals: 10−19, 20−29,
etc.
(b) Hence, find the mean and the modal class of the numbers of monkeys found at these
locations.
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.)
42
11.The following cumulative frequency curve shows the records made by 60 athletes in a running
race.
Records made by 60 athletes in a running race
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
50 60 70 80 90
Time (min)
(a) From the diagram, find the
(i) median,
(ii) 1st quartile,
(iii) 75th percentile.
(b) It is given that 20% of the athletes cannot finish the race within the time limit.
What is the best possible record among them?
12.The following stem-and-leaf diagram shows the numbers of traffic accidents in some cities last
month.
Stem (10) Leaf (1)
1 1 1 2 2 3 4 6 6 8 9
2 1 4 7
3 2 4
4 3
(a) Use the diagram to find the median.
(b) (i) Complete the following table for the given data.
Number of
traffic 10−14 15−19
accidents
Frequency
(ii) Hence, construct a cumulative frequency polygon.
(c) Using the result of (b)(ii), find the 2nd and the 3rd quartiles (Q2 and Q3).
43
Answer
1. 1.35 12. (a) 17
2. (a) $13 Number of
(b) 50.5 (b) (i) traffic Frequency
accidents
3. (a) 3.75
(b) 4 10−14 6
(c) 0 15−19 4
4. Number of Class 20−24 2
Frequency
paintings mark
17−21 19 8 25−29 1
22−26 24 18 30−34 2
27−31 29 8
35−39 0
32−36 34 12
37−41 39 4 40−44 1
mean = 27.6 (c) Q2 = 14.5, Q3 = 22
5. 33
6. (a) 22
(b) $400
7. (a) Q1 = 150, Q3 = 550
(b) P20 = 140, P70 = 520
8. (a) 800−899
(b) $5 000−$5 999
9. (a) Number of
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CDs
Frequency 2 3 4 2 2 1 1
(b) mean = 4.4, median = 4, mode = 4
Number of Class
10. (a) Frequency
monkeys mark
10−19 14.5 8
20−29 24.5 5
30−39 34.5 3
40−49 44.5 2
50−59 54.5 2
60−69 64.5 1
(b) mean: 28.8, modal class: 10−19
11. (a) (i) 70 min
(ii) 59 min
(iii) 77 min
(b) 79 min
44
F3A: Chapter 5C
Date Task Progress

○ Skipped
(Full Solution)
○ Complete
○ Skipped
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○ Complete
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(Video Teaching)
○ Complete
○ Skipped
(Video Teaching)

○ Skipped
(Full Solution)
Teacher’s ___________
5C Level 1
○ Skipped
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Teacher’s ___________
5C Level 2
○ Skipped
Signature ( )
Teacher’s ___________
5C Level 3
○ Skipped
Signature ( )
Teacher’s ___________
5C Multiple Choice
○ Skipped
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Self-Test
○ Skipped _________
45
 Book 3A Lesson Worksheet 5C (Refer to §5.3A)
5.3 Effects of Changing Data on Averages
5.3A Adding or Multiplying a Constant to Each Datum

For a data set with mean x , median m and mode q,
(i) if k is added to each datum, then k is a constant.
mean = x + k median = m + k mode = q + k
(ii) if each datum is multiplied by k, then k is a constant.
mean = k x median = km mode = kq
1. Consider a data set with mean 4, median 6 and mode 10. In each of the following cases,
find the new mean, median and mode.
Case Mean Median Mode
(a) Add 5 to each datum.
(b) Add −2 to each datum.
(c) Multiply each datum by 3.
1
(d) Multiply each datum by − .
2

The following are the ages of 5 family members The following are the hourly wages of 5
in 2017. workers in 2016.
2, 6, 7, 36, 36 $50, $50, $62, $68, $75
Find the mean, the median and the mode of In 2017, the hourly wage of each worker
their ages in increases by $12. Find the mean, the median
(a) 2017, (b) 2020. and the mode of their hourly wages in
2 + 6 + 7 + 36 + 36 (a) 2016, (b) 2017.
Sol (a) Mean = = 17.4
5 Sol (a) Mean =
Median = the 3rd datum = 7 Median =
Mode = 36
(b) ∵ 2020 − 2017 = 3 Mode =
∴ Using the results of (a), in 2020: (b) Using the results of (a), in 2017:
Mean = 17.4 + 3 = 20.4
Median = 7 + 3 = 10
Mode = 36 + 3 = 39
2. The following are the prices of 6 lamps in a shop.

$35, $36, $40, $45, $35, $37
(a) Find the mean, the median and the mode of the prices.
(b) In a sale, the price of each lamp is decreased by $8. Find the mean, the median and the
mode of the prices in the sale.
Rearrange the data:
_____, _____, _____, _____, _____, _____
( )+( )
median = $
46 2
→○ Ex 5C 1–3
3. The mean, the median and the modal 4. The mean, the median and the modal
marks of some students in a test are 60, 72 prices of some dolls are $300, $320 and
and 55 respectively. Find the new mean, $280 respectively. Find the new mean,
median and modal marks if the mark of median and modal prices if
each student was (a) a 10% discount is offered for each doll,
(a) increased by 30%, (b) the price of each doll was increased by
(b) decreased by 20%. 5%.
→
○ Ex 5C 4, 5
5. In 2015, the mean, the median and the mode of the monthly wages of the staff of a company
were $10 000, $9 000 and $8 000 respectively.
(a) In 2016, the monthly wages of all staff were increased by $300, find the mean, the
median and the mode of the monthly wages of the staff.
(b) In 2017, each employee was offered a further 12% increase in monthly wages, find the
mean, the median and the mode of the monthly wages of the staff.
(a)
(b)
The mean in 2017

= the mean in 2016 × (1 +
_____)
47
6. The mean, the median and the modal weights of some machines are 5 kg, 4.5 kg and 5.2 kg
respectively. It is given that 1 kg = 2.2 lb.
(a) Find the mean, the median and the modal weights of the machines in lb.
(b) If a small device of weight 0.25 lb is removed from each machine, find the new mean,
median and modal weights of the machines in lb. Use the results in
(a).
48
 Consolidation Exercise
5C

Level 1
1. At present, the mean, the median and the mode of the ages of some students are 9, 10 and 8
respectively. Find the mean, the median and the mode of their ages one year later.
2. The mean, the median and the mode of the prices of mobile phones in a shop are $2 000,
$4 000 and $3 600 respectively. If the shop offers a $500 discount to each mobile phone, find
the new mean, median and mode of the prices.
3. Last year, the mean, the median and the mode of the heights of the trees in a garden were
1.3 m, 1.4 m and 1.2 m respectively. If all the trees grow 10% higher this year, find the new
mean, median and mode of the heights of the trees.
4. The following shows the number of children in each family in a sharing group.
1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3
(a) Find the mode of the data set.
(b) If a family with 3 children leaves the group, will the mode be affected? Explain your
answer.
5. Construct a set of 7 data satisfying each of the following conditions.

(a) After adding a datum 0, the mean is changed to 7.
(b) After adding a datum 0, the median will remain unchanged.
(Give steps to show that your examples satisfy the required conditions.)
6. The following table shows the highest temperatures in a village from April to September.
Month Apr May Jun July Aug Sep
Temperature (°C) 22 26 28 30 28 28
(a) Find the mean and the median of the highest temperatures.
(b) If the highest temperature in October is 25°C, will the mean and the median of the highest
temperatures increase, decrease or remain unchanged? Explain your answer.
49
Level 2
7. The mean, the median and the mode of a data set are 1 440, 2 560 and 4 630 respectively. Find
the new mean, median and mode in each of the following cases.
(a) Increase each datum by 10% and then subtract 200 from the result.
(b) Add 680 to each datum and then decrease the result by 25%.
8. The mean, the median and the mode of the costs of some cakes are $100, $140 and $180
respectively. The marked price of each cake is 20% higher than the cost, and the selling price is
$50 less than the marked price. Find the mean, the median and the mode of the selling prices of
the cakes.
9. In 2015, the mean, the median and the mode of the monthly profits of a company were
$1 200 000, $1 500 000 and $1 800 000 respectively. In 2016, all the monthly profits were 7%
less than that in 2015. In 2017, all the monthly profits were $140 000 more than that in 2016.
Find the mean, the median and the mode of the monthly profits of the company in 2017.
10. A set of data 76, 35, 24, 13, 35, 76, 19, 24, 76 is given.
(a) Find the mean, the median and the mode of the data set.
(b) Each datum of the data set is increased by 16%. Using the results of (a), find the new
mean, median and mode.
(c) If the data 13 and 19 are deleted from the data set, how will the mean, the median and the
mode of the data be affected? Explain your answer.
11. The following are the marks of the participants in a competition.

40, 23, 23, 47, 48, 39, 11
(a) Find the mean, the median and the mode of the data set.
(b) If 2 extra marks are now given to each participant, find the new mean, median and mode
of the data set.
(c) The participant with the highest marks is disqualified from the competition and his mark
is deleted. How will the mean, the median and the mode of the data set be affected? Explain
your answer.
50
12. A company has 40 employees in total. It conducts a survey on the degree of job satisfaction.
The following are the responses from 36 employees.
(‘4 marks’ denotes ‘greatly satisfied’; ‘0 mark’ denotes ‘not satisfied’.)
Mark 0 1 2 3 4
Frequency 3 11 16 1 5
(a) Find the mean, the median and the mode of the marks.
(b) Later, the company receives the responses from the remaining 4 employees.
(i) If the mean of the marks given by the 4 employees is 4, find the mean of the marks
given by all the employees.
(ii) If the mode of the marks given by the 4 employees is 1, find the mode of the marks
given by all the employees.
(c) If all the responses of ‘0 mark’ are considered invalid, what is the effect on each of the
three averages? Explain your answer.
(Give the answers correct to 1 decimal place if necessary.)
51
Answer
Consolidation Exercise 5C
1. mean = 10, median = 11, mode = 9
2. mean = $1 500, median = $3 500,
mode = $3 100
3. mean = 1.43 m, median = 1.54 m,
mode = 1.32 m
4. (a) 3
(b) no
5. (a) 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8
(b) 1, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7
6. (a) mean = 27°C, median = 28°C
(b) mean: decrease, median: remain unchanged
7. (a) mean = 1 384, median = 2 616,
mode = 4 893
(b) mean = 1 590, median = 2 430,
mode = 3 982.5
8. mean = $70, median = $118, mode = $166
9. mean = $1 256 000, median = $1 535 000,
mode = $1 814 000
10. (a) mean = 42, median = 35, mode = 76
(b) mean = 48.72, median = 40.6,
mode = 88.16
(c) mean: increase, median: remain unchanged, mode: remain unchanged
11. (a) mean = 33, median = 39,
mode = 23
(b) mean = 35, median = 41, mode = 25
(c) mean: decrease, median: decrease,
mode: remain unchanged
12. (a) mean = 1.8, median = 2, mode = 2

(b) (i) 2.05
(ii) 2
(c) mean: increase, median: remain unchanged, mode: remain unchanged
52
F3A: Chapter 5D
Date Task Progress

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5D Multiple Choice
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53
Book 3A Lesson Worksheet 5D (Refer to §5.4)
5.4 Further Investigations on the Applications of the Mean — Weighted

Mean
For a set of n data x1, x2, x3,…, xn with weights w1, w2, w3,…, wn respectively,
x w + x2 w2 + x3 w3 + ⋯ + xn wn
weighted mean = 1 1
w1 + w2 + w3 + ⋯ + wn

The table below shows the results of May in The table below shows the results of Paul in
two Mathematics tests. two Chinese quizzes.
Test I Test II Quiz I Quiz II
Mark 80 70 Mark 75 60
Weight 4 6 Weight 3 7
Find the weighted mean mark of May. Find the weighted mean mark of Paul.
Sol Weighted mean mark Sol Weighted mean mark
80 × 4 + 70 × 6 ( )×3+ ( )×( )
= =
4+6 3+( )
= 74 =
1. An examination consists of sections I, II 2. The stock price index of a city is a

and III. The table below shows the mark of weighted mean. It is composed of 4
Sally in each section. different shares of relative prices and
Section I II III weights listed in the table below.
Mark 80 60 50 Share Relative price Weight
Weight 1 1 2 P 205 2
Find the weighted mean mark of Sally.
Q 325 3
R 250 1
S 180 4
According to the table above, find the
stock price index of the city.
3. The quality-control test for a mobile phone consists of 4 parts. The table below shows the marks
obtained in the 4 parts.
Part I II III IV
Mark 70 90 80 60
Weight 3 1 2 2
(a) Find the weighted mean mark of the mobile phone.
54
(b) If a weighted mean mark of 75 is considered as a pass, does the mobile phone pass the test?
○→ Ex 5D 1–5
4. The following table shows the result of restaurant A in an assessment.
Taste Service Hygiene
Mark 83 56 71
Weight 45% 35% 20%
(a) Find the weighted mean mark of restaurant A.
(b) Given the weighted mean mark of restaurant B is 70, which restaurant has a better
performance? Explain your answer.
5. The table below shows the marks obtained by Arnold, Brian and Catherine in two English
examinations.
Examination I Examination II
Arnold’s mark 63 76
Brian’s mark 84 61
Catherine’s mark 88 55
Weight 3 4
(a) Find the weighted mean marks of Arnold, Brian and Catherine.
(Give the answers correct to 1 decimal place.)
(b) Whose performance is the best? Explain your answer.
55
6. An examination consists of three papers. The table below shows the marks obtained by
Dorothy in the papers.
Paper I Paper II Paper III
Mark x 72 85
Weight 1 2 3
If the weighted mean mark of Dorothy is 82, find the value of x.
Weighted mean mark of Dorothy = 82
( )×( ) + ( )×( ) + ( )×( )
= 82
( )+( )+( )
56

5D

Level 1
1. The table below shows the marks given to a new food product in various aspects.
Aspect Aroma Appearance Taste Portion
Mark 2 3 4 3
Weight 4 2 4 3
Find the weighted mean mark of the product.
2. An English examination consists of 4 sections. The table below shows the marks obtained by
Mary in each section.
Section Reading Writing Listening Speaking
Mark 60 54 86 78
Weight 3 2 3 2
(a) Find the weighted mean mark of Mary.
(b) If a weighted mean mark of 50 is considered as a pass, does Mary pass the examination?
3. The stock price index of Gotham City is determined by the relative prices of four major
stocks with different weights. Calculate the stock price index of Gotham City according to the
table below.
Clown Golden Wayne Happy
Stock
Property Security Enterprises Food
Relative price 270 180 320 90
Weight 30 10 50 10
4. The consumer price index (CPI) of a city is the weighted mean of the relative prices of different
items. Calculate the CPI based on the information given below.
Item Food Transportation Clothing Housing Entertainment
Relative
100 90 80 120 110
price
Weight 12% 25% 10% 45% 8%
57
Level 2
5. The following table shows the quiz results of Leo, Anderson and Maurice in three computer
courses and the number of lessons of each course.
Programming Networking Security
Leo 9 7 8
Anderson 6 8 9
Maurice 5 4 2
Number of lessons 24 12 20
Take the numbers of lessons as the weights.
(a) Find the weighted mean marks of Leo, Anderson and Maurice.
(Give the answers correct to 1 decimal place if necessary.)
(b) Whose performance is the best? Explain your answer.
6. A Mathematics examination consists of three papers. The table below shows the marks obtained
by Samuel, Louis and Joyce in the examination.
Paper I Paper II Paper III
Samuel 85 65 90
Louis 78 93 46
Joyce 80 70 86
(a) Find the mean marks of Louis and Joyce.
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures.)
(b) The weights of paper I, paper II and paper III are 4, x and 2 respectively. The weighted
mean mark of Samuel is 78.
(i) Find the value of x.
(ii) Whose performance is the best? Explain your answer.
7. The following table shows the results of Horace and Sandy in a driving test.
Theory test Practical test
Horace 60 81
Sandy 87 x
Weight 2 3
The weighted mean mark of Sandy is 78.
(a) Find the value of x.
(b) Suppose the government adjusts the weight of the theory test. As a result, the weighted
mean marks of Sandy and Horace become the same. Find the new weight of the theory
test.
58
Answer
Consolidation Exercise 5D
1. 3
2. (a) 70.2
(b) yes
3. 268
4. 105.3
5. (a) Leo: 8.2, Anderson: 7.5, Maurice: 3.7
(b) Leo
6. (a) Louis: 72.3, Joyce: 78.7
(b) (i) 4
(ii) Samuel
7. (a) 72
(b) 1
59
F3A: Chapter 5E
Date Task Progress

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○ Skipped
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5E Multiple Choice
○ Skipped
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Self-Test
○ Skipped _________
60
Book 3A Lesson Worksheet 5E (Refer to §5.5)
5.5 Misuses of Averages

The table below shows the prices of 7 toys that The marks got by Daniel in 9 quizzes are as
Ken bought. follows:
Price ($) Number of toys 39, 42, 44, 44, 45, 46, 47, 62, 90
300 1 The passing mark of each quiz is 50. Daniel
500 3 claims that his average mark is 51 and his
800 2 overall performance is therefore acceptable.
5 000 1 (a) Which average does Daniel consider?
Ken claims that the average price of these toys (b) Is Daniel’s claim misleading? Explain
is $1 200 and he spent much on these toys. your answer.
(a) Which average does Ken consider?
(b) Is Ken’s claim misleading? Explain your Sol (a) Mean mark
answer. =
Sol (a) Mean price

300 × 1 + 500 × 3 + 800 × 2 + 5 000 × 1 Median mark =
=$
7
= $1 200 Modal mark =
Median price = $500
Modal price = $500
∴ Ken considers the mean price.
∴ Daniel considers the
Mean is easily affected by
an extreme value ($5 .
(b) Since there is an extremely
000). large value
of $5 000 in the data set, the mean
($1 200) is not a suitable average. In (b) Since there is
fact, the prices of most of the toys are
far below $1 200.
∴ Ken’s claim is misleading. in the data set,
(is / is not) a suitable average. In fact,
the marks of most of the quizzes are
51.
∴ Daniel’s claim (is / is not)
misleading.

Emily buys 6 clothes in a shop. The prices of The numbers of phone calls that Gary received
the clothes are as follows: in each of the last 10 days are as follows:
$50, $99, $79, $119, $50, $89 12, 7, 6, 5, 3, 0, 12, 9, 4, 2
Emily claims that the average price of the Gary claims that the average number of phone
clothes is $50 and the clothes are cheap. calls he received each day is 12 and he receives
(a) Which average does Emily consider? many phone calls in most of the days.
(b) Is Emily’s claim misleading? Explain your (a) Which average does Gary consider?
61
answer. (b) Is Gary’s claim misleading? Explain your
answer.
Sol (a) Mean price Sol (a) Mean
50 + 99 + 79 + 119 + 50 + 89 =
=$
6
= $81
Arrange the data in ascending order: Arrange the data in ascending order:
$50, $50, $79, $89, $99, $119
79 + 89 Median
Median price = $
2 =
= $84
Modal price = $50
Mode =
∴ Emily considers the modal price.
(b) Only 2 out of 6 data are equal to the
∴ Gary considers the .
mode ($50) and the mode is the
smallest value in the data set. The (b)
mode is not a suitable average. In fact,
the prices of most of the clothes are
greater than $50.
∴ Emily’s claim is misleading.
(is / is not) a suitable average. In fact,

the number of phone calls Gary
received in most of the days are
.
∴ Gary’s claim (is / is not)
misleading.
62
1. The results of Helen in 6 dictations are recorded as shown on the
Stem (10) Leaf (1)
right. The passing mark of each dictation is 60. She claims that her
average mark is 63, therefore her overall performance is good. Is 3 0
Helen’s claim misleading? 4 2 6
5 0
Explain your answer.
6 3 3
Which average
does Helen
consider?
○→ Ex 5E 1, 2
 Level Up Question
2. The percentage increases in the sales of CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray Discs from March to April
in a shop are given below.
CD DVD Blu-ray Discs
Sales in March $10 000 $20 000 $15 000
Sales in April $13 000 $22 000 $21 000
Percentage increase 30% 10% 40%
(a) Find the mean of the three percentage increases in the table.
(Give the answer correct to 1 decimal place.)
(b) From the result of (a), the sales manager of the shop claims that the percentage increase
in total sales from March to April is greater than 25%. Is this claim misleading? Explain
your answer.
Calculate the total
sales in March and
April respectively
first.
63

5E

Level 1
1. Joe organizes a competition. The table below shows the prices of gifts for the winners of the
competition.
Price ($) 185 190 193 201 1 999
Number of gifts 3 2 1 1 1
Joe makes the following claim:
‘The gifts are very attractive. The average price is $416.’
(a) Which average does Joe consider?
(b) Is Joe’s claim misleading? Explain your answer.
2. The following are the marks of the students in an examination after attending a tutorial class.
90, 77, 35, 38, 7, 90, 78, 2, 13, 2, 90, 77
The tutor claims that the students have performed very well in the examination after attending
the tutorial class and their average mark is 90.
(a) Which average does the tutor refer to?
(b) Is the tutor’s claim misleading? Explain your answer.
Level 2
3. The table below shows the profit of each investment made by John from January to April.
Profit of each
Month Number of investments
investment ($)
January 4 −1 000
February 8 4 000
March 1 51 000
April 3 2 000
Based on the above table, John claims that the average profit of the investments is as high as
$14 000.
(a) Suggest, with calculation steps, how the average $14 000 mentioned in the claim is
obtained.
(b) Is John’s claim misleading? Explain your answer.
(c) Which average(s) is/are appropriate to reflect the real situation? Find the value(s) of the
average(s).
64
4. The percentage increases in the sales of stationery in a shop from 2015 to 2016 are given
below.
Ruler Pencil Pen
Sales in 2015 $1 000 $1 600 $2 000
Sales in 2016 $1 300 $1 984 $2 180
Percentage increase 30% 24% 9%
(a) Find the mean of the three percentage increases in the table.
(b) From the result of (a), the shop owner claims that the percentage increase in total sales of
stationery from 2015 to 2016 is over 20%. Is this claim misleading? Explain your answer.
65
Answer
Consolidation Exercise 5E
1. (a) mean
(b) yes
2. (a) mode
(b) yes
3. (b) yes
(c) median: $4 000,
or mode: $4 000
4. (a) 21%
(b) yes
66
F3A: Chapter 6A
Date Task Progress

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6A Level 1
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6A Level 2
○ Skipped
Signature ( )
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6A Level 3
○ Skipped
Signature ( )
Maths Corner Exercise ○ Complete and Checked Teacher’s
6A Multiple Choice ○ Problems encountered Signature ___________
67
○ Skipped ( )
Self-Test
○ Skipped _________
68
Book 3A Lesson Worksheet 6A (Refer to §6.1A−B)
6.1A Congruent Triangles

(a) Properties of congruent triangles:
If △ABC ≅ △PQR, then C R
(i) ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q and ∠C = ∠R;
[Reference: corr. ∠s, ≅ △s]
(ii) AB = PQ, BC = QR and CA = RP. A B P Q
[Reference: corr. sides, ≅ △s]
(b) Conditions for two triangles to be congruent:

SSS SAS ASA AAS RHS

Refer to the figure. Prove that Refer to the figure. Prove that
△ABC ≅ △DEF. △PQR ≅ △XYZ.
A D P X
5 3 5 3
C F 4 50° 4 50°
B 7 7
6 E 6
Q Y
R Z
Sol A D
Sol P X
1 3 1 3
C F 1 23 1 23
B 2 E 2
Reason: SSS Q Y
R Z
123 Reason: S __ __
Statement Reason 123
AB = DE = 5 given PQ = ____ = ____ given
BC = EF = 6 given _________
∠QPR = ∠______ = _____
given _________
CA = FD = 3 SSS PR = ____ = ____
∴ △ABC ≅ △DEF ∴ △ ≅△ _________
69
1. Refer to the figure. Prove that 2. Refer to the figure. Prove that
△ABC ≅ △EFD. △ABC ≅ △RPQ.
A D R
A
7
70° 9 9
E 6 7
70° C P
45° C 45°
A6 B Q
B
D F
A R
3
3 C E 2 2 3
1 3 1 2 1
B 2 1 C P
Reason: __ __ __ F B
1 23 Q
Reason: __ __ __
123
3. In the figure, AD and BE intersect at C. If 4. In the figure, C is a point on BD such that

AC = CD and ∠BAC = ∠EDC, prove that AC ⊥ BD. Prove that △ABC ≅ △ADC.
△ABC ≅ △DEC.
A
A E
Are ∠ACB and 8 cm 8 cm
∠DCE C
equal? B D
Why? C
B D ____ is the common side of ABC and △
△ ADC. A A
B C C D
→
○ Ex 6A 1, 2
5. Refer to the figure. 6. In the figure, ∠ABC = ∠ADC and
B ∠BAC = ∠DAC.
X
A
80° B
A 80°
Y
Z
(a) Prove that △XYZ ≅ △ABC.
C
D
(b) Prove that ∠Z = ∠C.
From (a), △XYZ ≅ △ABC 70
(a) Prove that △ABC ≅ △ADC.
C
(b) Prove that BC = DC.
(a)
From (a), △ABC ≅
DC
(b) ∵ △XYZ ≅ △ proved in (a)

∴ ∠Z = _________
7. In the figure, AFCD is a straight line. It is given that Are the two
A
FE // BC, BA // DE and AC = DF. Prove that AB = DE. triangles
∵ FE // BC
congruent? F E
∴ F E
x=y x
(____ ∠s, FE // BC) y
C B C
B
D
→
○ Ex 6A 3, 5, 6
71
6.1B Similar Triangles
(a) Properties of similar triangles:
If △ABC ~ △PQR, then C
R
(i) ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q and ∠C = ∠R;
[Reference: corr. ∠s, ~ △s]
AB BC CA P Q
A B
(ii) = = .
PQ QR RP
[Reference: corr. sides, ~ △s]
(b) Conditions for △ABC and △XYZ to be similar:

AAA 3 sides proportional ratio of 2 sides, inc. ∠
∠A = ∠X, ∠B = ∠Y AB BC CA AB BC
= = = and ∠B = ∠Y
and ∠C = ∠Z XY YZ ZX XY YZ
A X A X
A X
C Z
Y Z Y Z Y
B C B C B

In the figure, AE and BD intersect at C. Prove In the figure, AEC is a straight line. Prove that
that △ABC ~ △EDC. △ABC ~ △CDE.
A D A B
68°
60° 70°
E
70° C 84° 84°
60° 68°
B D C
E
Sol Are ∠BAC and ∠DCE equal?
Sol Try to find out three
pairs of equal [Hint: Angle sum of triangle =
angles. ______°]
∠BAC = ∠DEC = 60° given In △ABC and △CDE,
given given
∠ABC = ∠EDC = 70° ∠ABC = ∠______ = ____
vert. opp. ∠s _________
∠ACB = ∠ECD AAA ∠______ = ∠______ = ___
∴ △ABC ~ △EDC
_________
∴ △ ~△
72
8. Refer to the figure. C 9. In the figure, ABD A
Prove that and ACE are straight
5
△ABC ~ △CBD. 4 3 6 lines. Prove that 8
△ABC ~ △ADE. C
2
E
A 2 B B
4.5 3.2
△ABC △CBD Ratio of
sides
D
D
Longest 4
4 6 =
side 6
Second
longest 3
side
Shortest
side
→
○ Ex 6A 9−14
10.In the figure, PT and P 11. In the figure, PTR and R
QS intersect at R. PSQ are straight lines.
(a) Prove that 15 (a) Prove that T
3
△PQR ~ △TSR. △PQR ~ △PTS.
P
(b) Prove that (b) Prove that 4
6 S 2 Q
∠QPR = ∠STR. 9
S QR = 2TS.
Q R
From (a), △PQR ~ △TSR 10
12. In the figure, BEC is a straight line. Prove that ∠ACB A

= ∠DBE. Are the two
4 5
triangles
similar? 4.8 E
B 1.2 C
4 3.2
D
→
○ Ex 6A 15, 16
73
13. In the figure, AB = CB and AD = CD. Prove that BD is the B
angle bisector of ∠ABC. A
Prove ∠ABD =
∠______.
C
D
14.In the figure, PRS is a straight line. PQ // ST. P

30
Q
(a) Prove that △PQR ~ △STR.
(b) If ∠PRQ = 68°, find ∠QRT. 12
16
S T
40
74
6 More on Deductive Geometry

6A

Level 1
1. In the figure, C is a point on BD such that AC ⊥ BD. If AB = AD and A
BC = DC, prove that △ABC ≅ △ADC.
B D
C
2. In the figure, AB // DC and AB = DC. Prove that △ABD ≅ △CDB. A B
D C
3. In the figure, ∠QPR = ∠SPR and ∠QRP = ∠SRP. Prove that Q
PQ = PS.
P R
4. In the figure, AB = AD and ∠ABC = ∠ADC = 90°. Prove that AS

CB = CD.
B D
5. In the figure, BFCE is a straight line. It is given that AB // ED, A C B

BF = EC and ∠BAC = ∠EDF.
(a) Prove that BC = EF. F
(b) Prove that △ABC ≅ △DEF. C
E D
6. In the figure, ACD is a straight line. It is given that AB = DC, A B
AC = DE and ∠BAC = ∠CDE = 90°.
(a) Prove that △ABC ≅ △DCE.
(b) Prove that BC ⊥ CE.
C
D E
75
7. In the figure, AEB and ADC are straight lines. It is given that B
BD = CE and ∠ABD = ∠ACE. Prove that AB = AC. E
A C
8. In the figure, PQ // SR. PR and QS intersect at T. Prove that D
P Q
△PQT ~ △RST.
T
S R
9. In the figure, ADB and AEC are straight lines. It is given that A
∠ACB = ∠AED. Prove that △ABC ~ △ADE. E
D
C
B
10.Refer to the figure. Prove that △PQS ~ △QSR. P
10 25
S 20
16 Q
8
R
11. In the figure, CDA and CEB are straight lines. Prove that C
△ABC ~ △DEC.
6
9
D
2
A E
3
12. In the figure, AC and BD intersect at E. It is given that A B
∠ABE = ∠CDE = 90°.
(a) Prove that △AEB ~ △CED.
(b) If AE = 2EC and CD = 6, find AB. D
B E
76
13.In the figure, BED is a straight line and ∠BAE = ∠BCD. A
(a) Prove that △BAE ~ △BCD. 3 5
(b) Prove that E is the mid-point of BD. E D
B
6 10
C
Level 2
14. In the figure, AC and BD intersect at E. It is given that AD = BC and A B
AC = BD.
E
(a) Prove that △ABD ≅ △BAC.
(b) If ∠ABD = 32°, find ∠DEC. D C
15.In the figure, BD = BA, BE = BC and ∠DBA = ∠EBC. B

D
(a) Prove that △ABC ≅ △DBE.
(b) Prove that ∠BAC = ∠BDE.
A C
16. In the figure, ADB, AFE, CEB and CFD are straight lines. It is given A C
that DB = EB and ∠ADC = ∠AEC.
(a) Prove that △AEB ≅ △CDB. F
(b) Prove that AD = CE. D E
B
17. In the figure, AFB, DGC, AEC, FEG and BED are straight lines. It is F
given that AB // DC and AF = CG. A B
(a) Prove that △AEF ≅ △CEG.
(b) Prove that AB = CD. E
D C
18. In the figure, PQRS is a straight line. It is given that TQ // RU, G
T
TR // QU and PQ = RS.
(a) Prove that △TRQ ≅ △UQR. R S
(b) Prove that PT = SU. P Q
77
19. In the figure, ADC and BEC are straight lines. It is given that D
A C
AB = 8 cm, AD = DC and BE = EC.
(a) Prove that △ACB ~ △DCE.
(b) Find DE. 8 cm E
20.Refer to the figure. B 9 cm C

(a) Prove that △ABD ~ △DCB.
12
12 cm 9 cm
(b) Prove that BC // AD.
cm
A D
16 cm
21. In the figure, ABD, ACF and DEF are straight lines. It is given A
that BC // DF. 6
(a) Prove that △ABC ~ △CEF. B 5 C
(b) Prove that AD // CE.
12
10
D E F
22. In the figure, ADC is a straight line and ∠BAC = ∠CBD. A
(a) Prove that △ABC ~ △BDC.
(b) Find AB and AD.
D
5 4
23.In the figure, ADC is a straight line and ∠ABC = ∠BDC = 90°. B A 6 C
(a) Prove that △ABC ~ △BDC.
(b) Prove that BC2 = AC × DC.
D B
78
Answer
12. (b) 12
14. (b) 116°
19. (b) 4 cm
22. (b) AB = 7.5, AD = 5
79
F3A: Chapter 6B
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80
Book 3A Lesson Worksheet 6B (Refer to §6.1C)
6.1C Isosceles Triangles

(a) Properties of isosceles triangles: A
If AB = AC,
then ∠ABC = ∠ACB.
[Reference: base ∠s, isos. △]
B C
(b) Condition for a triangle to be isosceles:
If ∠ABC = ∠ACB, A
then AB = AC.
[Reference: sides opp. eq. ∠s]
B C
Example 1 P Instant Drill 1 R

Prove that △PQR in Prove that △RST in
the figure is isosceles. 40° ∠PRQ = ? the figure is isosceles.
45°
70°
△ S T
Sol ∠PRQ + 40° + 70° = 180° ∠ sumRof
Q Sol ∠SRT + ___ + ___ = ____ __________
∠PRQ = 70° ∠SRT = ____
∵ ∠PQR = ∠PRQ = 70° sides opp. eq. ∠s
∴ PQ = PR
i.e. △PQR is isosceles.
1. In the figure, BCD is a straight line. Prove that △ABC is A

isosceles. 80°
130°
B ∵ C line. D
BCD is a straight
∴ ∠ACB + 130° = _____
81
2. In the figure, QRS is a straight line. Prove 3. In the figure, ABD and ACE E
are straight lines. BC // DE C
that △QPR is an isosceles triangle.
P and AC = AB. Prove that A
△AED is an isosceles
∵
70° 25° triangle. B
D
AC = AB
30° ∴ ∠ACB = ∠ ______
Q R
S
△
(base. ∠s, isos. )
→
○ Ex 6B 1−4
4. In the figure, PSR is a straight line. Prove 5. In the figure, PR and SQ intersect at T,
that △PQS is an isosceles triangle. PT = ST. ∠TQR = ∠TRQ. Prove that
P Are there any
△PQT ≅ △SRT.
equal angles in
S △ PQS?
P S
T
Q R
Q R
→
○ Ex 6B 5−7
82
6. In the figure, E is the mid-point of DC, DA = CB and
D E C
∠ADE = ∠BCE.
(a) Prove that △ADE ≅ △BCE.
(b) Prove that △ABE is isosceles.
A B
→
○ Ex 6B 8, 9
7. In the figure, ADB and BEFC are straight lines. It is given A
that ∠BDE = ∠CAF.
(a) Prove that △DBE ~ △ACF.
(b) Find AD. D
24 26
13
12
B E F C
8. In the figure, RST is a straight line, and ∠PQS = ∠TSQ. R

S
T
(a) Prove that PQ // RT.
(b) If ∠RSP = ∠PSQ, prove that △PQS is isosceles.
P Q
83

6B

Level 1
1. In the figure, BDC is a straight line and AD = AC. Prove that A
△ABD is isosceles.
28°
56°
B C
D
2. In the figure, SQP and TRP are straight lines and ∠SQR = ∠TRQ. S T
Prove that △PQR is isosceles.
Q R
P
3. In the figure, AD and BC intersect at E. It is given that BA // DC C
and EC = ED. Prove that △ABE is isosceles. A
E
B
4. In the figure, ADB and AEC are straight lines. It is given that A D
AD = ED and ∠BAC = ∠BCA. Prove that DE // BC.
D E
5. In the figure, QSTR is a straight line. It is given that PQ = PR B Q C

and ∠SPQ = ∠TPR. Prove that PS = PT.
S
T
6. In the figure, ∠BAD = ∠ABD = ∠CBD = ∠BCD. Prove that A
R
△ADC is isosceles.
B D
84
Level 2
7. In the figure, AB = AD, AB // DC and ∠BAD = ∠DBC. A B
(a) Prove that △ABD ~ △BDC.
(b) Prove that △BDC is isosceles.
D C
8. In the figure, ADB, AEC, DFC and EFB are straight lines. It is given A
that AB = AC and DB = EC.
(a) Prove that △BDC ≅ △CEB. D E
(b) Prove that △FBC is isosceles.
F
B C
9. In the figure, AEC and BDC are straight lines. A
(a) Prove that △ABC ~ △DEC.
(b) If AB = BC, prove that △ECD is isosceles. 16
E
8
B 4 D C
12
10. In the figure, S is a point on QR such that PQ = PS = RS. It is given P
that ∠QPS = ∠SPR = a.
(a) Prove that △PQR is isosceles. a a
(b) Find a.
Q R
S
11. In the figure, ABD, AFE and CBF are straight lines. It is given that A
AB = AF, CD // AE and ∠DCF = ∠ADE.
(a) Prove that CF // DE.
(b) Prove that CD = BD = FE. B
C F
D E
12.In the figure, CA = CB = CD. Prove that ∠BCD = 2∠BAD. A
C
D
85
Answer
10. (b) 36°
86
F3A: Chapter 6C
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87
Book 3A Lesson Worksheet 6C (Refer to §6.2)
6.2 Special Lines in Triangles

(A) Angle Bisectors and Perpendicular Bisectors of a Triangle
Angle bisector Perpendicular bisector

(A line which bisects an interior (A line which is perpendicular to
angle of a triangle) and bisects one side of a triangle)
C A
Perpendicular
Angle bisector
bise P
ctor D
B M C
A B
Q
1. Write down the name of the special line PQ in each of the following triangles PRS.
(a) P (b) P
R S R S
Q Q
→
○ Ex 6C 1
In the figure, BCD is a straight line. Prove that In the figure, ADC is a straight line. Prove that
AC is an angle bisector of △BAD. BD is an angle bisector of △ABC.
A i.e. To prove: C i.e. To prove:
∠BAC = ∠CAD ∠CBD = ∠_____
35° D
65° 30° 40°
B D
C 40°
A B
Sol In △ACD,
∠CAD + 30° = 65°
ext. ∠ of △ Sol In △______,
∵ DB = ____ given
__________
∠CAD = 35° ∴ ∠DBA = ∠______
∴ ∠BAC = ∠CAD = 35° = ____
∴ AC is an angle
bisector of △BAD.
88
2. In the figure, BC = DC and ∠ACB = ∠ACD. Prove that AC is the B
angle bisector of ∠BAD.
A C
→
○ Ex 6C 3, 7
In the figure, ABC and CDE are straight lines. In the figure, BCD is a straight line, and
Prove that DB is a perpendicular bisector of CA // DE. Prove that AC is a perpendicular
△ADC. bisector of △ABD.
E i.e. To prove: A E i.e. To prove:
(i) DB ⊥ AC (i) AC ⊥ ____
70° D
(ii) AB = BC 48° (ii) BC = ____
55° 48°
A C B C D
B
Sol ∠ADB + 70° + 55° = 180° adj. ∠s on st. line Sol ∠CAD = ∠______ = ____ __________
∠ADB = 55°
In △ADC, given
∵ DA = DC and
property of isos. △
∠ADB = ∠CDB = 55°.
∴ DB ⊥ AC
property of isos. △
AB = BC
∴ DB is a perpendicular
bisector of △ADC.
3. In the figure, PQR is a straight line. Prove that SQ is a P

perpendicular bisector of △PRS.
56°
34° 56°
R S
→
○ Ex 6C 9
89
(B) Medians and Altitudes of a Triangle
Median Altitude
(A line segment drawn from a (A perpendicular line segment
vertex of a triangle to the drawn from a vertex of a
mid-point of its opposite side) triangle to its opposite side)
B A
Median Altitude
C A B C
M N
4. Write down the name of the special line PQ in each of the following triangles PRS.
(a) R (b) R
Q Q
P S
S P
→
○ Ex 6C 2
In the figure, BCD is a straight line. Prove that In the figure, ABC is a straight line. Prove that
AC is a median of △ABD. DB is a median of △ACD. i.e. To prove:
i.e. To
D BC = ____
prove:
A
B C D A C
B
8
Sol In △ACD, Sol In △ABD,
given __________
∵ ∠CAD = ∠CDA sides opp. eq. ∠s ∵ ∠BAD = ∠BDA
∴ CA = CD given ∴
BC = CA
∴ BC = CD
∴ AC is a median of
△ABD.
90
5. In the figure, BDC is a straight line. ∠BAD = ∠CAD and A
∠ADC = 90°. Prove that AD is a median of △ABC.
B D C
→
○ Ex 6C 8
In the figure, BCD is a straight line. Prove that In the figure, TSRQ is a straight line. Prove that
AC is an altitude of △ABD. i.e. To PR is an altitude of △PSQ. i.e. To prove:
prove: P PR ⊥ ____
A 25°
55°
35° 115°
B C D T Q
S R
Sol In △ACD,
∠ACB = 35° + 55°
ext. ∠ of △ Sol In △______,
∠PRS + 25° = _____ __________
= 90°
∴ AC is an altitude of
△ABD.
6. In the figure, AEC is a straight line. BA // CD. A

Prove that CD is an altitude of △CDE.
4
E D
6
4 3
B C
→
○ Ex 6C 4−6
91
7. In the figure, AD is a median of △ABC. If AB = AC, A
prove that AD is the angle bisector of ∠BAC. ∵ AD is a median of
△ABC.
∴ BD = ____
B D C
8. In the figure, QS is both an altitude and an angle R

bisector of △PQR. Prove that QS is also a
perpendicular bisector of △PQR.
S
∵ △
QS isP an altitude of PQR.
Q
∴ QS ⊥ ____
We need one more condition
‘RS = ____’ such that QS is a
perpendicular bisector of
△ PQR.
9. In the figure, AC and BD intersect at E. If CA is a A D

perpendicular bisector of △BCD, prove that BE is
E
an angle bisector of △ABC.
B C
92

6C

Level 1
1. In the figure, ADB, AGFC and CEB are straight lines. Which line A
segment is
(a) a perpendicular bisector of △ABC? G
F D
(b) an angle bisector of △ABC?
C B
2. In the figure, ADB, AFC and BEC are straight lines. Which line E
A
segment(s) is/are
(a) an altitude/altitudes of △ABC?
(b) a median/medians of △ABC? D F
B G
E C
3. In the figure, PSQ is a straight line. It is given that PQ = PR, P
∠PQR = 54° and ∠PRS = 18°. Prove that RS is an altitude of △PQR. S
18°
54°
Q R
4. In the figure, ADB and AEC are straight lines. It is given that DB = DC
A
and DE // BC. Prove that DE is the angle bisector of ∠ADC.
D E
B C
5. In the figure, BDC is a straight line and AB = AC. If AD is the angle A
bisector of ∠BAC, prove that AD is a perpendicular bisector of △ABC.
6. In the figure, ADC and BEC are straight lines. AB is an altitude of B D C

A
△ABC and AB = 2DE. If △ABC ~ △DEC, prove that DE is a
perpendicular bisector of △ABC. D
B E C
93
7. In the figure, ∠POQ = ∠POR and ∠OQR = ∠ORQ. P
(a) Prove that △POQ ≅ △POR.
(b) Prove that PO is the angle bisector of ∠QPR.
O
Q R
8. In the figure, BCDE is a straight line and BC = DE. △ACD and A
△ADE have equal areas.
(a) Prove that AD is a median of △ACE.
(b) Prove that AC is a median of △ABD.
B C D E
Level 2
9. In the figure, AEC is a straight line. It is given that AB // CD, A B
∠ABE = ∠AEB and ∠CDE = ∠CED. Prove that BE is an altitude
of △BDE.
E
C D
10. In the figure, PR and QS intersect at T. It is given that ∠QPR = ∠PRS P
and PQ = QR = RS. Prove that QS is the perpendicular bisector of PR.
T
Q S
R
11. In the figure, ADB, AEC and BFC are straight lines. It is given that A
AB = AC, DF = EF and ∠AFD = ∠AFE.
(a) Prove that AF is the angle bisector of ∠BAC.
(b) Prove that AF is the perpendicular bisector of BC. E
D
B F C
12. In the figure, AC and BD intersect at E. AC is the angle bisector of both B
∠BAD and ∠BCD.
(a) Prove that △ABD is isosceles.
(b) Prove that BE is an altitude of △ABC. A C
E
94
A
13. In the figure, BED is a straight line. It is given that ∠BAD = ∠BCD,
AD = CD and EA = EB = ED.
(a) Prove that BA is an altitude of △ABD. B D
E
(b) Prove that BD is the angle bisector of ∠ABC.
C
14. In the figure, ABC, ADE, AFG, BDF and CEG are straight lines. It is A
given that BF // CG and AD is a median of △ABF.
(a) (i) Prove that △ADB ~ △AEC.
(ii) Prove that △ADF ~ △AEG.
D F
(b) Prove that AE is a median of △ACG. B
C G
E
95
Answer
Consolidation Exercise 6C
1. (a) GE (b) BF
2. (a) AG (b) AE, BF
96
F3A: Chapter 6D
Date Task Progress

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6D Multiple Choice
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Self-Test
○ Skipped _________
97
 Book 3A Lesson Worksheet 6D (Refer to §6.3A, BII)
6.3A Triangle Inequality

In the figure, a + b > c, For three given line segments,
b + c > a, c b if the sum of the lengths
c + a > b. of the
two shorter line segments
a
is greater than the length
of the
longest one, they can form
a triangle. Otherwise, they
The lengths of three line segments are 5, 7, 8. The lengths of three line segments are 4, 9, 12.
Can the three line segments form a triangle? Can the three line segments form a triangle?
Check if:
Sol ∵ 5 + 7 = 12 > 8 Sum of two shorter Sol ∵ 4 + 9 = ____ (< / = / >) 12
line segments >
longest line ∴ The three line segments of lengths 4,
∴ The three line segments of lengths
segment 5, 9, 12 (can / cannot) form a triangle.
7, 8 can form a triangle.
In each of the following, the lengths of three line segments are given. Determine whether the three
line segments can form a triangle. [Nos. 1−4]
1. 5, 6, 13 2. 8, 16, 22
∵ 5 + 6 = _____ (< / = / >) 13
∴
3. 15, 7, 10 4. 9, 5, 4
→
○ Ex 6D 1
98
5. In △PQR, PQ = 11 cm, QR = 5 cm and 6. In △XYZ, XY = 14 cm, YZ = 6 cm and
PR = x cm, where x is an integer. If PQ is XZ = h cm, where h is an integer. If XY is
the longest side, find the smallest possible the longest side, write down two possible
value of x. values of h.
Can h be greater
____ + x > ____ than 14?
Why?
x > ____
→
○ Ex 6D 2−4
6.3B Relations between Special Lines in a Triangle

II. Centres of Triangles
In-centre Circumcentre
(point of intersection of 3 angle bisectors) (point of intersection of 3 perpendicular bisectors)
B perpendicular
circumcircle bisector
Q angle bisector
inscribed R O B
circle in-centre
I circumcentre
A C
P A
C
Centroid Orthocentre
(point of intersection of 3 medians) (point of intersection of 3 altitudes)
A C
centroid Q
P
Q orthocentre
R H
G median
A R B
C B altitude
P
AG : GP = BG : GQ = CG : GR = 2 : 1
99
7. In each of the following, identify whether the point of intersection O is the in-centre,
circumcentre, centroid or orthocentre of △PQR.
(a) R (b) Q
P
O
O
P Q
R
(c) Q (d) P
Q
O R
P R
O
(e) R (f) P
P Q O
R
Q
→
○ Ex 6D 7
8. In the figure, P and Q are points on AB and BC respectively. B
R is the centroid of △ABC.
(a) Determine whether AQ is an angle bisector, a perpendicular
bisector, a median or an altitude of △ABC. Q
P
(b) If RQ = 3 cm, find AR. R
What is the ratio AR :
RQ?
A C
→
○ Ex 6D 8
100
9. In △PQR, PQ = 6 cm, QR = 4 cm and PR = x cm, where x is an integer. If PQ is the longest
side, find the possible values of the perimeter of △PQR. Find the possible
values of x
____ + ____ > ____ first.
∴ The possible values of x are .

Perimeter = (____ + ____ + ____) cm
=
∴ The possible values of the perimeter are .
10.In the figure, O is the in-centre of △ABC and CO is produced to C

meet AB at P.
(a) Find ∠CPA. 35°
(b) Find ∠CAO. O
40°
A P B
101
 Consolidation Exercise
6D

[In this exercise, use only compasses and a straight edge without markings for constructions.]
Level 1
1. In each of the following, the lengths of three line segments are given. Determine whether the
three line segments can form a triangle.
(a) 3, 3, 3 (b) 2, 9, 4
(c) 5, 7, 9 (d) 4, 6, 2
2. The lengths of two sides of an isosceles triangle are 20 cm and 8 cm. Find the perimeter of the
isosceles triangle.
3. In △ABC, AB = 9 cm, AC = 12 cm and BC = x cm, where x is an integer. Find the greatest and
the smallest possible values of x.
4. The lengths of the three sides of a triangle are 2 cm, 5 cm and x cm, where x is an integer. Find
the possible values of x.
5. In △PQR, PQ = PR = 4 cm. Is it possible that its perimeter is 18 cm? Explain your answer.
6. In each of the following, identify whether the point of intersection O is the in-centre,
circumcentre, centroid or orthocentre of the triangle.
(a) A (b)
P
O O
B
Q R
C
7. In the figure, AP and CQ are the altitudes of △ABC, and they A
intersect at H.
(a) If ∠ACB = 42°, find ∠PAC.
(b) Identify whether the point of intersection H is the in-centre, Q H
circumcentre, centroid or orthocentre of △ABC.
B C
P
102
8. In the figure, I is the in-centre of △ABC. It is given that A
∠IBC = 22° and ∠ICB = 40°.
(a) Find ∠ICA.
(b) Find ∠IAB. I
22° 40°
B C
9. Construct the altitude BD of AC and the angle bisector AE of A

∠BAC in △ABC.
B C
10.Construct the perpendicular bisector AB of XY and the median XL X
of YZ in △XYZ.
Z
Level 2
Y
11. How many different triangles can be formed with lengths x cm, 5x cm and
16 cm, where x is an integer?
12. How many different triangles can be formed with lengths 3x cm, (x + 4) cm and 12 cm, where
x is an integer?
13. In the figure, ADB is a straight line. Prove that A D

B
AB + 2DC > AC + BC.
(Hint: Consider △ACD and △DCB.)
C
14.(a) Construct the three angle bisectors of △ABC. A
(b) Identify whether the point of intersection of the three angle
bisectors constructed in (a) is the in-centre, circumcentre,
centroid or orthocentre of △ABC.
B C
103
15.(a) Construct the perpendicular bisector of each side of △ABC. B
(b) Does the circumcentre of △ABC lie inside, outside or on a side
of the triangle?
A
C
16.(a) Construct the three altitudes of △PQR. P
(b) Does the orthocentre of △PQR lie inside the triangle?
R
Q
17. In the figure, AEC and BDC are straight lines. AD and BE intersect A
at F. AD is an altitude of △ABC and it is also the angle bisector of
∠BAC. Is F the orthocentre of △ABC? Explain your answer. E
26° F
58°
B C
D
104
Answer
Consolidation Exercise 6D
1. (a) yes (b) no
(c) yes (d) no
2. 48 cm
3. greatest: 20; smallest: 4
4. 4, 5, 6
5. no
6. (a) centroid (b) in-centre
7. (a) 48° (b) orthocentre
8. (a) 40° (b) 28°
11. 1
12. 5
14. (b) in-centre
15. (b) outside
16. (b) yes
17. yes
105

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Chapter 4 Linear Inequalities in One Unknown

Chapter 5 Measures of Central Tendency and Other Statistical Values

Chapter 6 More on Deductive Geometry

For mathematics problems consultation, please email to the following address:

○ Complete and Checked

○ Complete and Checked

4.1A Solutions of Inequalities and their Graphical Representations

(a) x > 0 1, 2, 3 (b) x < 0

Example 1 Instant Drill 1

Sol x<8 Sol

(b) What does (b)

5. (a) x > 9 (b) x ≥ –7

8. Determine whether each of the following conclusions (underlined) is correct.

(a) If x > y and y > 3, then x > 3. (yes / no)

(b) If m ≤ 4 and 4 ≤ n, then m ≥ n. (yes / no)

(c) If h < k, then k – 3 > h – 3. (yes / no)

(d) If r ≥ 3, then r + 5 ≥ 8. (yes / no)

4 Linear Inequalities in One Unknown

2. (a) Suggest two integers that satisfy x > −5.

4. Represent the solutions of each of the following inequalities graphically.

15. The production cost $C of n toy cars in a factory is given by:

○ Complete and Checked

○ Complete and Checked

4.2A Solving Linear Inequalities in One Unknown

Example 1 Instant Drill 1

1. Solve 4 + h < –6. 2. Solve –5 + k ≥ –3.

Graphical representation: Graphical representation:

Graphical representation: Graphical representation:

Example 4 Instant Drill 4

8. If the perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 9. The length of a rectangle is 15 m. If the

∴ The greatest possible length of each

∴ x (can / cannot) be an integer.

4 Linear Inequalities in One Unknown

7. −15 < 9x + 3 8. 3 − 10x < −17

11. 3x + 5 > −2x + 15 12. 5(x − 3) ≥ 12 + 2x

29. A, B and C are three points on a straight road. The distance

○ Complete and Checked

○ Complete and Checked

For a set of n data x1, x2, x3,…, xn,

Example 1 Instant Drill 1

Example 2 Instant Drill 2

5. Find the median of each of the following sets of data.

(b) Arranging the data in ascending order:

Example 3 Instant Drill 3

Sol (a) 5 , 8 , 8 , 10 Sol (a)

Example 4 Instant Drill 4

Sol (a) 2 , 6 , 6 , 3 , 2 Sol (a)

∴ The claim is (agreed / disagreed).

5 Measures of Central Tendency and Other Statistical Values

3. Find the median of each of the following sets of data.

5. Find the mode of each of the following sets of data.

7. If the median of 43, 46, 54 and x is 48, find the value of x.

17.Priscilla has 6 containers. Their capacities are as follows.

○ Complete and Checked

○ Complete and Checked

5.2A Averages of a Set of Discrete Data

Example 1 Instant Drill 1

○→ Ex 5B 1, 3(a), (c), 4(a), (c)

Consider a set of n data arranged in ascending (or descending) order.