Ad 8240
Ad 8240
Ad 8240
AD8240
FEATURES FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
PWM input for LED brightness control VPLUS SHUNT BASE VO
Open LED detection 5 6 7 8
04824-0-001
4
GND
The AD8240 LED driver/monitor, in combination with an
external transistor, supplies a constant 12 V to drive LED Figure 1.
lamps. This allows cost-effective LED lamp monitoring and PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
short-circuit protection. The output is regulated at 12 V when
1. Partial LED lamp failure detection.
the supply voltage is between 12.5 V and 27 V.
Allows for compliance with automotive regulations
A CMOS compatible, level-dependent, digital input can be used for turn signal functionality detection and minimum
for PWM control of the LED brightness. VO is turned on when brightness, as well as running/brake light minimum
the PWM input is high and turned off when the input is low. brightness compliance.
The AD8240 is designed to work with a PWM frequency up 2. Current limiting/latch-off protection.
to 500 Hz, and a typical PWM range from 5% to 95%. Limiting and latching off the LED current protects vehicle
wiring and prevents lamp damage
Open LED detection is accomplished by measuring the change
in LED lamp current caused by an open LED(s) through the use 3. PWM input.
of an internal high-side current-sense amplifier that amplifies Provides brightness control.
the voltage across an external current shunt. The voltage across 4. Constant voltage output.
the shunt resistor is amplified to a level that can be measured by Saves cost by minimizing wiring and system design
a microcontroller A/D converter or a comparator. The ability to complexity.
measure the change in LED lamp current is the key benefit of
5. Drives an external transistor for low power operation.
constant-voltage LED lamp driving.
Providing for an external power transistor allows the
The output is current-limited by latching off the output voltage AD8240 to be a low cost solution in a small package. A
when the current reaches a preset level. The current limit is set more efficient design is made possible when the system
by selecting the value of the external current shunt that causes designer can select a power device with specifications
the output of the sense amplifier to slightly exceed the 5 V that match the application requirements.
reference level when the current exceeds a maximum level.
6. Linear regulation.
When the sense amplifier output exceeds 5 V, it trips an internal
Minimizes EMI, which allows faster system integration,
comparator that causes the driver to latch off the output voltage.
qualification, and time to market. Additionally, costs are
The latch is reset during the next PWM cycle. The overcurrent
reduced by eliminating the inductor required for a
condition can also be detected by a microcontroller or external
switching design. Because of the power-saving nature of
comparator by measuring the sense amplifier output.
LED lamps as compared to incandescent lamps, a
switching driver is typically not required.
Rev. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use.
Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
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registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Fax: 781.326.8703 © 2004 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
AD8240
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Using/Evaluating the AD8240 LED Driver Monitor ....................6
High-Side Current-Sense Amplifier with Open LED Advantages of Driving LED Lamps with Constant Voltage ........8
Detection (Block B)...................................................................... 5 Background ....................................................................................8
Comparator with Latch-off OverCurrent Protection Monitoring the LEDs ....................................................................8
(Block C)........................................................................................ 5
Driving Automotive LEDs............................................................8
Intelligent Driver (Block D) ........................................................ 5
Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 10
REVISION HISTORY
Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 12
AD8240
SPECIFICATIONS
TA = operating temperature range, VPLUS = 13.5 V, unless otherwise noted.
Table 1.
Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
VO 5 V Reference = 5 V 12 V
VO Regulation1 at 25°C VPLUS = 13 V to 27 V −3 ±1 +3 %
VO Regulation2 -40°C to 125°C VPLUS = 13 V to 27 V −6 ±2 +6 %
IOUT3 RSHUNT = 0.4 Ω 500 mA
VO Rise Time IOUT = 250 mA, CM = 22 nF, CL = 47 nF 12 µs
VSENSE Gain 24
VSENSE Accuracy −7 ±3 +7 %
VSENSE Output Impedance 8 10 12 kΩ
Base Drive 15 mA
PWM Turn-On Threshold 3.5 V
PWM Turn-Off Threshold 1.4 V
VSENSE Latch-Off Threshold4 0 0.1 0.3 V
Latch-Off Delay5 2 µs
PWM Frequency Range DC 500 Hz
CM 22 nF
CLOAD Range CL = 47 nF −30 +30 %
Operating Current6 VPLUS > 13 V 360 µA
VPLUS Operating Range 9 27 V
Shutdown Current PWM low 10 µA
5 V Reference Current 160 200 240 µA
Operating Temperature Range −40 +125 °C
1
VO = 12/5 of the applied reference voltage ±1% typical. Minimum VPLUS voltage for regulation depends on the external transistor Vbe and the shunt voltage.
2
VO = 12/5 of the applied reference voltage ±2% typical. Minimum VPLUS voltage for regulation depends on the external transistor Vbe and the shunt voltage.
3
The maximum output current level is set by the selection of the current shunt and power transistor.
4
(VSENSE – 5 V Reference) The latch-off level is determined by the output level of the sense amplifier. When the amplifier output approaches 5 V, the output is latched off.
This allows the maximum current output level to be determined by the shunt resistor value. Latch-off can be restored to on by cycling the PWM input off and back on.
5
Internal delay only. The external delay depends on the external capacitor values, LED string impedance, and wiring inductance.
6
This specifies VPLUS only—ground current includes external transistor base drive.
Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 12
AD8240
1
Output short circuits result in a latch-off condition.
ESD CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on
the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features
proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy
electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance
degradation or loss of functionality.
Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 12
AD8240
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The AD8240 consists of four functional blocks labeled A HIGH-SIDE CURRENT-SENSE AMPLIFIER WITH
through D, as shown in Figure 2. OPEN LED DETECTION (BLOCK B)
VPLUS SHUNT BASE VO This amplifier is used to measure the LED current by ampli-
fying the voltage across a user-selected shunt resistor. It has a
B gain of 24 and an overall accuracy of 5%. The output of the
VSENSE
amplifier is typically connected to a microcontroller A/D
converter input so that the condition of the LED lamp can be
C
determined. This output can also be tied to other devices such
A as a latching comparator or output buffer. It is important to note
5V
REFERENCE that the output of this amplifier has a relatively high impedance
of approximately 10 kΩ. As a result, a buffer amplifier should be
PWM
D used if the load is less than 100 kΩ.
Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 12
AD8240
.
RSHUNT
VBATT
CM CL
47nF
VPLUS SHUNT BASE 22nF VO
5 6 7 8
RSENSE
VSENSE 1
10kΩ
5V
2
REFERENCE R1
350kΩ
LATCH-OFF
PWM 3 DRIVER
R2
250kΩ
04824-0-003
4
GND
Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 12
AD8240
CONTROLLING THE LED LAMP
The LEDs are turned on and off depending on the CMOS To determine if the load is correct, the voltage at VSENSE should
compatible digital voltage level present at the PWM pin (Pin 3). be as follows during full power operation:
This voltage can be continuous for a simple on/off function, or
PWM for dimming control. The PWM frequency should be less 500 mA × 0.4 Ω × 24 V/V = 4.8 V
than 500 Hz with a range from 5% to 100%. Typical values are If there is a partial LED failure, VSENSE drops in proportion to the
5% for running and 95% for braking. quantity of the failure. For example, if 25% of the LEDs fail, the
USING/EVALUATING THE VSENSE OUTPUT voltage drops by 25%.
Important: The output impedance of VSENSE is approximately If there is a short to ground, VSENSE is near 0 V because the
10 kΩ. Because of this, it may be necessary to buffer the output output is latched off and no current is flowing.
in order to drive a load of less than 100 kΩ. An oscilloscope,
micro-controller A/D converter, or DVM may be used to Using/Evaluating the Short-Circuit Protection Feature
accurately measure the voltage at the VSENSE pin. If there is a short or an overload condition, the voltage at
VSENSE falls close to zero, and the output shuts down
The VSENSE output is used to detect a partial LED failure, or an
(the transistor driver shuts off). This resets when the PWM
overcurrent condition. The voltage present at VSENSE is propor-
voltage is brought low and then high again. If the condition
tional to the current through the load with the equation
persists, the AD8240 attempts to drive the output to 12 V and
ILOAD = (VSENSE/24)/RSHUNT then immediately shuts down. If a PWM voltage is used, the
AD8240 attempts to start after each PWM cycle.
Selection of the shunt resistor can be found by manipulating this
equation. For example This can be simulated by increasing the load so the voltage at
VSENSE slightly exceeds 5 V. When this happens, the output shuts
VSENSE = ILOAD × RSHUNT down, and the VSENSE voltage is close to 0 V.
Expected Load = 500 mA
RSHUNT = 0.4 Ω
Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 12
AD8240
Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 12
AD8240
As a result, the constant voltage driving/monitoring method is Constant voltage driving/monitoring is a proven method
the lowest cost and least-prone-to-failure method for driving already in use in a number of automotive platforms to drive
and monitoring LEDs from a system perspective. This is LED tail, running, and turn-indicator lamps.
primarily because the number of wires and connections can be
minimized. By using a constant voltage driver and measuring The AD8240 LED lamp driver/monitor is designed for use in
the current, an LED lamp can be driven and monitored using the body control or related module. When used this way, it is
only two wires (power and ground). In many cases, this can be very similar to the method that has been used to control
reduced to one wire when the chassis or shared ground return external incandescent lamps. By utilizing the existing lamp
is used. This is a similar architecture used with incandescent driving architecture, additional modules are not required to
bulbs, which means no changes to the wiring harness are drive the external lamps, which further minimizes the cost.
necessary with this LED implementation. It is possible to retrofit existing lamp driving modules with
the AD8240 with minimal engineering time required.
Most automotive platforms no longer use a switch on the
dashboard to directly control the incandescent lamps. These
lamps are now controlled and driven by the body control ECU.
By using this constant voltage architecture, the control and drive
function for the LEDs can remain in the ECU with minimal
design modification.
Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 12
AD8240
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
3.00
BSC
8 5
3.00 4.90
BSC BSC
4
PIN 1
0.65 BSC
Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 12
AD8240
ORDERING GUIDE
Model Temperature Range Package Description Package Option Package Outline
AD8240YRM −40°C to +125°C 8-Lead MSOP RM-8 JTA
AD8240YRM-REEL −40°C to +125°C MSOP, 13” Tape and Reel RM-8 JTA
AD8240YRM-REEL7 −40°C to +125°C MSOP, 7” Tape and Reel RM-8 JTA
Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 12
AD8240
NOTES
Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 12