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    Kinematics in One Dimension

    Uploaded by

    Ellah Iracielli Teves
    This document discusses kinematics in one dimension. It defines key terms like distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Distance is a scalar quantity referring to the length traveled, while displacement is a vector referring to change in position. Speed refers to how fast an object is moving, while velocity refers to rate of change of position and includes direction. Average speed is calculated by dividing total distance by time. Instantaneous speed is the speed at an instant, while average speed considers all speeds over time. Acceleration refers to the rate of change of velocity and occurs when an object changes speed or direction. Formulas for average speed, velocity and acceleration are provided along with sample problems worked out.

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    Kinematics in One Dimension

    Uploaded by

    Ellah Iracielli Teves
    11 views20 pages
    This document discusses kinematics in one dimension. It defines key terms like distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Distance is a scalar quantity referring to the length traveled, while displacement is a vector referring to change in position. Speed refers to how fast an object is moving, while velocity refers to rate of change of position and includes direction. Average speed is calculated by dividing total distance by time. Instantaneous speed is the speed at an instant, while average speed considers all speeds over time. Acceleration refers to the rate of change of velocity and occurs when an object changes speed or direction. Formulas for average speed, velocity and acceleration are provided along with sample problems worked out.

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    This document discusses kinematics in one dimension. It defines key terms like distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Distance is a scalar quantity referring to the length traveled, while displacement is a vector referring to change in position. Speed refers to how fast an object is moving, while velocity refers to rate of change of position and includes direction. Average speed is calculated by dividing total distance by time. Instantaneous speed is the speed at an instant, while average speed considers all speeds over time. Acceleration refers to the rate of change of velocity and occurs when an object changes speed or direction. Formulas for average speed, velocity and acceleration are provided along with sample problems worked out.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views20 pages

    Kinematics in One Dimension

    Uploaded by

    Ellah Iracielli Teves
    This document discusses kinematics in one dimension. It defines key terms like distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Distance is a scalar quantity referring to the length traveled, while displacement is a vector referring to change in position. Speed refers to how fast an object is moving, while velocity refers to rate of change of position and includes direction. Average speed is calculated by dividing total distance by time. Instantaneous speed is the speed at an instant, while average speed considers all speeds over time. Acceleration refers to the rate of change of velocity and occurs when an object changes speed or direction. Formulas for average speed, velocity and acceleration are provided along with sample problems worked out.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Kinematics in

    One
    Dimension
    Introduction to
    Kinematics
    Kinematics is the study of
    motion without considering the
    forces that cause the motion. In
    one dimension, motion can be
    described using distance,
    displacement, speed, velocity,
    and acceleration.
    Scalars and
    Vectors
    Distance is a scalar quantity that
    refers to the length of the path
    traveled, while displacement is a
    vector quantity that refers to the
    change in position of an object in a
    particular direction.
    Speed is a scalar
    quantity that refers to
    "how fast an object is
    moving."
    Velocity is a vector quantity that refers to "the
    rate at which an object changes its position."
    Calculating Average Speed
    and Average Velocity
    While on vacation, Lisa Carr
    traveled a total distance of
    440 miles. Her trip took 8
    hours. What was her average
    speed?
    Sample problem:
    A car travels at a constant
    speed of 80 km/h for 2 hours.
    How far does it travel?
    Solution:
    Distance = speed × time
    = 80 km/h × 2 h = 160 km.
    Average Speed versus Instantaneous Speed

    Instantaneous Speed - the speed at any


    given instant in time.

    Average Speed - the average of all


    instantaneous speeds; found simply by a
    distance/time ratio.
    Example: The physics teacher walks 4 meters
    East, 2 meters South, 4 meters West, and
    finally 2 meters North. The entire motion
    lasted for 24 seconds. Determine the average
    speed and the average velocity.
    1. A train covered a distance of 120 km in
    an hour. Determine the speed of the
    train in m/s using the speed formula.

    2. An athlete runs 75 m, east and then runs


    back 25 m, west upon reaching the end of
    the track. If the runner runs for
    10 seconds, what is the speed and velocity
    of the runner?
    3. Cassie walked to her friend’s house with
    an average speed of 1.40 m/s. The distance
    between the houses is 205 m. How long did
    the trip take her?
    4. A pitcher throws a baseball from the
    pitcher’s mound to home plate in 0.46 s. The
    distance is 18.4 m. What was the average
    speed of the baseball?
    5. A trucker drives along a straight highway
    for 0.25 h with a displacement of 16 km
    south. What is the trucker’s average
    velocity?
    Acceleration is the rate at
    which an object changes its
    velocity.
    An object is accelerating
    when: (a) it speeds up, (b) slows
    down (deceleration), and (c)
    changes direction
    Sports announcers will occasionally say that a
    person is accelerating if he/she is moving fast. Yet
    acceleration has nothing to do with going fast. A
    person can be moving very fast and still not be
    accelerating. Acceleration has to do with changing
    how fast an object is moving. If an object is not
    changing its velocity, then the object is not
    accelerating. Anytime an object's velocity is
    changing, the object is said to be accelerating; it
    has an acceleration.
    And an object with a constant velocity is not
    accelerating.

    Note that each object has a changing


    velocity.
    What's the formula for
    acceleration?

    SI unit: m/s 2
    Sample Problem:
    1. Mercedes is driving her sports car at
    30 m/s when she sees a dog on the road
    ahead. She slams on the brakes and comes
    to a stop in 3.0 seconds. What was the
    acceleration of her car?

    2. A car starts from rest and achieves a


    speed of 54 km/ℎ in 3 seconds. Find its
    Acceleration?`
    1. Mercedes is driving her sports car at
    30 m/s when she sees a dog on the road
    ahead. She slams on the brakes and comes
    to a stop in 3.0 seconds. What was the
    acceleration of her car?

    Given: vf = 0 m/s
    vi = 30 m/s
    t = 3.0 s
    a =?

    Sol:
    a= 0 m/s – 30 m/s/3.0 s
    a = -30 m/s/3.0 s
    a = -10 m/s2
    Thank you for giving me the
    opportunity to share my
    knowledge with you!

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