Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

Gramática

El verbo "to be" ("to be or not to be...")

Forma positiva (afirmativa):
I am Yo soy Yo estoy
You are Tú eres Tú estás
He / she / it is Él/ella es Él/ella está

We are Nosotros somos Nosotros estamos

You are Vosotros sois Vosotros estáis
They are Ellos son Ellos están
Ej. I am a student. You are a teacher. She is a manager. They are soldiers. We
are clerks.

Formación de interrogantes: (las preguntas se forman intercambiando la posición del verbo y del
sujeto)
Am I? ¿Soy? ¿Estoy?
Are you? ¿Eres? ¿Estás?
Is he / she / it? ¿Es? ¿Está?
Are we? ¿Somos? ¿Estamos?
Are you? ¿Sois? ¿Estáis?
Are they? ¿Son? ¿Están?
Ej. Am I a student? Are you a teacher? Is she a manager? Are they soldiers?
Are we clerks?

Formación del negativo (la negación se forma agregando la palabra "not")

I am not No soy No estoy
You are not No eres No estás
He / she / it is not No es No está
We are not No somos No estamos
You are not No sois No estáis
They are not No son No están
Ej. I am not a student. You are not a teacher. She is not a manager. They are
not soldiers. We are not clerks.

En el lenguaje informal y cotidiano se utilizan abreviaciones.

Abreviaciones:
I am = I'm (I'm a boy.)
You are = You're (You're from Poland.)
He is = He's (He's a policeman.)
She is = She's (She's guilty.)
It is = It's (It's an egg.)
We are = We're (We're from the USA.)
You are = You're (You're too fast for me.)
Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

They are = They're (They're from Poland.)

I am not = I'm not (I'm not a student.)
You are not = You aren't (You aren't from Poland.)
He is not = He isn't (He isn't a policeman.)
She is not = She isn't (She isn't guilty.)
It is not = It isn't (It isn't my car.)
We are not = We aren't (We aren't from the USA.)
You are not = You aren't (You aren't my parents.)
They are not = They aren't (They aren't black.)
Algunas abreviaciones tienen dos formas: She isn't o She's not
Ambas formas son correctas y regularmente usadas.

Reglas para el uso del artículo definido "a / an"

Se usa el artículo indefinido "a / an" antes de cualquier sustantivo que cumpla
estas condiciones:

1. Cuando hay sólo uno

Ej. a boy, a car, a flat (pero en plural: boys, cars, flats)

2. Cuando son contables

Ej. a girl, a year, an apple (pero: water, salt, coffee, tea - porque estos
sustantivos son incontables)

3. Aparecen en la forma contable cuando son usados por primera vez y el interlocutor no los
conoce.

Cuándo se usa "a" y cuándo "an"?

Esta es una pregunta importante. Las dos palabras significan lo mismo, pero:

La palabra "a" se utiliza antes de sustantivos que comienzan con una

consonante sonora

(Ej. a university, a girl, a dog),

Mientras que "an" se utiliza antes de sustantivos que comienzan con una
vocal sonora

(Ej. an elephant, an hour).

¡Recuerda que las palabras en inglés a menudo se escriben de una forma, pero se
pronuncian de otra!
Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

Uso de Ingles

Frases y palabras cotidianas

Hello - Hola

Hi - Hola

Hello, Ann. - Hola, Ann.

Hi, John. - Hola, John.

What's your name? - ¿Cómo te llamas?

My name's... - Me llamo...

My name's John. - Me llamo John.

This is... - Éste es...

This is David. - Éste es David...

How are you? - ¿Cómo estás?

Fine, thanks. - Bien, gracias.

Very well. - Muy bien.

Fine, thanks. And you? - Bien, gracias. ¿Y tú?

Where are you from? - ¿De dónde eres?

Where is he from? - ¿De dónde es él?

Where is she from? - ¿De dónde es ella?

Diálogos de ejemplo
 Ann: Hello, my name's Ann. What's your  Ann: Hola, me llamo Ann. ¿Cómo te 
name? llamas?
 Peter: My name's Peter.  Peter: Me llamo Peter
 Ann: How are you, Peter?  Ann:¿Cómo estás, Peter?
 Peter: Fine, thanks. And you?  Peter: Bien, gracias. ¿Y tú?
 Ann: Very well, thanks.  Ann: Muy bien, gracias.
 John: Hello, Jane. This is David.  John: Hola, Jane. Éste es David.
 Jane: Hi, David.  Jane: Hola David.
 David: Hi, Jane.  David: Hola, Jane.

Palabras claves
Hello - Hola
Wordlist Lista de palabras Example
Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

capital Capital What's the capital of Poland?

from de I'm from Poland.

name nombre What's your name?

where dónde Where do you live?

Argentina Argentina

Brazil Brasil

France Francia

Hungary Hungría

Italy Italia

Japan Japón

Poland Polonia

Spain España

Switzerland Suiza

Turkey Turquía

the UK Reino Unido

the USA Los Estados Unidos

Numbers Números
one 1

two 2

three 3

four 4

five 5

six 6

seven 7

eight 8

nine 9

ten 10

eleven 11

twelve 12
Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

thirteen 13

fourteen 14

fifteen 15

sixteen 16

seventeen 17

eighteen 18

nineteen 19

twenty 20

twenty-one 21

twenty-two 22

thirty 30

forty 40

fifty 50

sixty 60

seventy 70

eighty 80

ninety 90

a / one hundred 100

Classroom language El idioma de la sala de clases
alphabet alfabeto

apple manzana

bag bolso

book libro

boy chico

desk escritorio

dictionary diccionario

girl chica

goodbye adiós Say 'goodbye' and leave.

Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

man hombre

to mean significar (querer decir) What does "imperialism" mean?

to meet quedar (con alguien) Where shall we meet?

notebook libreta

orange naranja

pen bolígrafo

please por favor "Follow me, please," the guide said.

to pronounce pronunciar I can't pronounce his name...

to repeat repetir I decided not to repeat the mistake of my first marriage...

to say decir I'd like to say a few words.

sorry lo siento I didn't know, sorry.

to spell deletrear Can you spell your name?

student estudiante

teacher profesor(a)

umbrella paraguas

to understand entender Do you understand?

what qué

woman mujer

word palabra
Personal information Información personal
address dirección

age edad

number número

phone / telephone teléfono

Plurals Plurales
badge insignia

box caja

child niño(a)
Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

children niños(as)

dress vestido

men hombres

people gente

person persona

toothbrush cepillo de dientes

watch reloj

women mujeres
Adjectives Adjetivos
bad malo

big grande

cheap barato

colo(u)r color

expensive caro

fast rápido

fat gordo

good bueno

heavy pesado

light ligero

new nuevo

old viejo

short bajo Jim is rather short.

slim delgado

slow lento

small pequeño

tall alto

thick espeso

thin delgado
Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

young joven
Colours Colores
black negro

blue azul

brown marrón

green verde

grey gris

orange naranja

pink rosado

purple violeta

red rojo

white blanco

yellow amarillo
In a café En la cafetería
anything else algo más Would you like anything else?

coffee café

French fries patatas fritas

large grande

lemonade limonada

menu menú

orange juice zumo de naranja

pence peniques

pizza pizza

pound libra

tea té
Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

Joshua, Natalie and Chloe are university students. They study at Portsmouth
University. Joshua comes from Newcastle. Newcastle is a city in the north of
England. Joshua has two brothers and a pet dog.

Natalie comes from Pitlochry. Pitlochry is a town in Scotland. Natalie doesn't

have any brothers or sisters, but she has a pet lizard.

Chloe comes from Swansea. Swansea is a town in the south of Wales. Chloe
has three sisters. They are still at school.

Joshua is eighteen years old. He speaks English, French and Czech. He is a

mathematics student. His maths lecturer comes from India.

Natalie is also eighteen. She only speaks English. She is a drama student. She
has two lecturers. One is from England and the other is from Ireland.

Chloe is an engineering student. She is twenty and speaks English and

Russian. Chloe's lecturers all come from Britain (one is English and two are
Scottish).

Joshua doesn't play any musical instrument. Natalie plays the flute. Chloe plays
the piano and the guitar.
Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

2 people at a café and a waiter

Waiter: Good morning. Are you ready to order?

Peter: Yes, thank you. I'd like a cup of tea, please.

Sam: And I'll have a glass of fruit juice.

Waiter: What kind of fruit juice would you like?

Peter: Erm, which ones have you got?

Waiter: We have orange, apple, grapefruit and tomato.

Peter: Oh, I think I'll have a tomato juice.

Waiter: Would you like anything to eat with that?

Peter: Yes, please. Could I have a toasted cheese sandwich?

Waiter: Toasted cheese sandwich. And for you?

Sam: I'll have the same.

Waiter: So that's one tea, one tomato juice and two toasted cheese
sandwiches.

Peter: Yes, that's right.

...

Waiter: Here you are. One cup of tea, a glass of tomato juice and two toasted
cheese sandwiches.

...

Peter: Excuse me, could we have the bill, please?

Waiter: Here you are.

Peter: Right so that's eight pounds ninety.

Sam: Here you are.

Waiter: Thank you.

Waiter: Good afternoon. What can I get you?

John: Do you have everything on the menu?

Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

Waiter: Everything except the lasagne. I'm afraid we have run out of that.

John: Oh, that's a pity. You have everything else though?

Waiter: Yes, everything else.

John: In that case I'll have the spaghetti Bolognese and a side salad.

Waiter: One spaghetti Bolognese and one side salad. And for you, madam?

Erica: Could I have a slice of quiche?

Waiter: Certainly. We have three different quiches. Which one would you like?
Spinach, asparagus or quiche Loraine?

Erica: Er, what is quiche Loraine?

Waiter: It's basically a quiche with bacon and tomato in it.

Erica: Oh, that sounds good. I'll have that.

Waiter: Would you like anything to go with it?

Erica: Yes. What goes well with it? Do you recommend anything?

Waiter: It goes well with a normal side salad but it also goes well with chutney.

Erica: Oh, I'll have it with chutney then.

Waiter: Right, so that's spaghetti Bolognese with a side salad and quiche
Loraine with chutney. Anything to drink with that?

John: Could I have a glass of mineral water?

Waiter: Still or sparkling?

John: Sparkling, please.

Erica: And I'll have a coffee.

Waiter: A sparkling mineral water and a coffee.

...

Waiter: Here you are.

John: Excuse me, I think there's been a mistake. This mineral water is still and
I asked for sparkling.

Waiter: Oh, I'm terribly sorry. I'll just go and get the right one.
Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

...

Waiter: Here you are. Sorry about that. One sparkling mineral water.

John: Thank you very much.

Waiter: Enjoy your meal.

Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

Conversación

Números
one 1 eleven 11 thirty 30
two 2 twelve 12 forty 40
three 3 thirteen 13 fifty 50
four 4 fourteen 14 sixty 60
five 5 fifteen 15 seventy 70
six 6 sixteen 16 eighty 80
seven 7 seventeen 17 ninety 90
eight 8 eighteen 18 a hundred 100
nine 9 nineteen 19
ten 10 twenty 20
twenty-one 21
thirty-eight 38
ninety-one 91
fifty-four 54
 How many people are there?  ¿Cuánta gente hay?
 About 20.  Alrededor de 20.

 Are there many chairs in his office?  ¿Hay muchas sillas en su oficina?
 No, there is only one armchair  No, sólo hay una poltrona.

Países y nacionalidades
Country Países Nationality Nacionalidades
Poland Polonia Polish Polaco
Britain Bretaña British Británico
England Escocia Scottish Escocés
Scotland Escocia Scottish Escocés
Wales Gales Welsh Galés
The USA Estados Unidos American Americano
France Francia French Francés
Germany Alemania German Alemán
Italy Italia Italian Italiano
Spain España Spanish Español
Brazil Brasil Brazilian Brasileño
China China Chinese Chino
Continentes
Europe - Europa
Asia - Asia
South / North America - Sudamérica/Norteamérica
Australia - Australia
Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

Africa - África
Información personal
name and surname - nombre y apellido
Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. - Sr./Sra./Srta.
age - edad
job / occupation - trabajo/oficio
family - familia
hobbies - pasatiempos
appearance - aspecto físico
Preguntas
What's your / his / her / its name? - ¿Cuál es tu/su nombre?
How are you? - ¿Cómo estás?
How old are you? - ¿Cuántos años tienes?
Are you married? - ¿Estás casado/a?
Do you like swimming / riding a horse / - ¿Te gusta nadar/cabalgar/esquiar/ver
skiing / watching TV / playing computer televisión/jugar en el ordenador?
games?
What does she / he / it look like? - ¿Qué aspecto tiene?
When were you born? - ¿Cuándo naciste?
Where are you from? - ¿De dónde eres?
What's your phone number? - ¿Cuál es tu número de teléfono?
Respuestas
My / your / his / her name is. - Mi / tu / su nombre es.
I'm / he's / they're - Soy / es / son
I'm fine / not bad / OK / so so / awful - Estoy bien / no estoy mal / bien / más o
menos / mal
I'm twenty / seventeen / twenty-five / forty / - Tengo veinte años / diecisiete / veinticinco /
sixty cuarenta / sesenta
I'm married / single - Estoy casado(a) / soltero(a)
I'm an engineer / student / unemployed / - Soy ingeniero / estudiante / desempleado /
plumber / carpenter / farmer fontanero / carpintero / granjero
I / you / we / they like singing / swimming - Me / te / nos / les gusta cantar / nadar y ver
and watching TV. televisión.
He / She's tall / short - Él / Ella es alto(a) / bajo(a)
slim / thick delgado(a) / grueso(a)
good-looking / ugly guapo(a) / feo(a)
intelligent / stupid inteligente / estúpido(a)
funny / boring. divertido(a) / aburrido(a)
I'm from Canada / Poland / France - Soy de Canadá / Polonia / Francia
In a café - En una cafetería
Ordering - Pidiendo
 Hello, can I have two coffees,  Hola, me pone dos cafés, por favor
please?  Quisiera dos cafés con leche y una copa de
 I'd like two coffees with milk. vino, por favor.
and a glass of wine, please.  Una botella de agua mineral, por favor.
 A bottle of mineral water,  Dos tartas de manzana, por favor.
Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

please.  Zumo de naranja/uva/plátano/kiwi/manzana.

 Two apple cakes, please.
 Orange / grapefruit / banana /
kiwi / apple juice.

The bill - La cuenta

 Are you ready to order, sir / madam?  ¿Está listo para pedir, señor/señora?
 Anything else?  ¿Algo más?
 Can I have the bill?  ¿Me puede traer la cuenta, por favor?
 That's £ 3.50 - three pounds fifty  Son £ 3.50 - tres libras cincuenta
 Here you are.  Aquí tiene

Diálogo de ejemplo
 Good afternoon. Are you Joanna  Buenas tardes. ¿Son ustedes Joanna y
and Brad Morgan? Brad Morgan?
 Yes, we are. And who are you?  Sí, somos nosotros. ¿Y quién es usted?
 I'm Robert Mitchum.  Soy Robert Mitchum.
 How do you do?  ¿Qué tal?
 How do you do?  ¿Qué tal?
 Where do you come from, Mr.  ¿De dónde es usted, Sr. Mitchum?
Mitchum?  Soy de los Estados Unidos. ¿Y ustedes?
 I'm from the USA. And you?  Somos de Escocia. ¿Y qué hace usted?
 We're from Scotland. What do you  Soy profesor. ¿Y usted?
do?  Soy piloto y mi esposa es enfermera.
 I'm a teacher. What about you? Encantado de conocerle.
 I'm a pilot and my wife is a nurse.  Igualmente.
Nice to meet you.
 Nice to meet you, too.
Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1

Escritura

A SELECTION OF SPEAKING PHRASES

Una selección de frases útiles
Precios
How much is a large cola?
¿Cuánto vale una coca-cola grande?
How much is it altogether?
¿Cuánto es todo junto?
Británico
That's L5.54 - that's five pounds fifty-four - Son L5.54 - Son 5 libras con cincuenta y cinco
pence peniques
That's L3.32 - three pounds thirty-two (p) - Son L3.32 - tres libras con treinta y dos peniques
That's 56 p - that's fifty-six p(ence) - Son 56 p - son cincuenta y seis peniques
That's 78 p, please - that's seventy-eight p, - Son 79 p, por favor - son setenta y ocho p, por
please favor
Americano
That's 78 cents - seventy-eight cents - Son 78 céntimos - setenta y ocho centavos
That's $4,45 - that's four dollars forty- - Son $4,45 - son cuatro dólares y cuarenta y cinco
five cents centavos
Vocabulario extra
I'll have two, then. - Me llevo dos, entonces.
Can I have two, then? - ¿Me da dos, entonces?
A large / regular / small cola - Una coca cola grande/ normal/ pequeña
I'll leave it. - No me lo llevo
a donut - Un donut
There is everything in that shop except for good - En esa tienda hay de todo, excepto buen
service. servicio.
Diálogos de ejemplo
 Assistant: Yes, please?  Dependienta: Dígame.
 Customer: Two white coffees, please.  Cliente: Dos cafés con crema, por
 Assistant: Small or large? favor.
 Customer: Large, please.  Dependienta: ¿cortos o largos?
 Assistant: Anything else?  Cliente: Largos, por favor.
 Customer: Yes. Two donuts with jam  Dependienta: ¿Algo más?
and one ice-cream, please.  Cliente: Sí, dos donuts con mermelada
 Assistant: Is that all? y un helado, por favor.
 Customer: Yes, thank you. How  Dependienta: ¿Eso es todo?
much is that?  Cliente: Sí, gracias. ¿Cuánto es?
 Assistant: That's L5.78 please.  Dependienta: Son L5.78, gracias.
 Customer : Here you are.  Cliente: Aquí tiene.
 Assistant: Thank you.  Dependienta: Gracias
 Customer: Thanks.  Cliente:Gracias
Level 1 (A1) :: Unit 1