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    Chapter 9 Periodicity Revision (

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    Ting Nicholas
    This document summarizes periodic trends across Period 3 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl). It discusses variations in physical properties like atomic/ionic radii and melting points. It also examines chemical properties such as reactions with oxygen, chlorine, and water. Reactions of oxides and chlorides are outlined, identifying basic, acidic and amphoteric behaviors. Lattice energies are noted to influence reactivity. Reaction equations and pH values are provided.

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    Chapter 9 Periodicity Revision (

    Uploaded by

    Ting Nicholas
    14 views5 pages
    This document summarizes periodic trends across Period 3 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl). It discusses variations in physical properties like atomic/ionic radii and melting points. It also examines chemical properties such as reactions with oxygen, chlorine, and water. Reactions of oxides and chlorides are outlined, identifying basic, acidic and amphoteric behaviors. Lattice energies are noted to influence reactivity. Reaction equations and pH values are provided.

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    Chapter 9 Periodicity Revision(

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    This document summarizes periodic trends across Period 3 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl). It discusses variations in physical properties like atomic/ionic radii and melting points. It also examines chemical properties such as reactions with oxygen, chlorine, and water. Reactions of oxides and chlorides are outlined, identifying basic, acidic and amphoteric behaviors. Lattice energies are noted to influence reactivity. Reaction equations and pH values are provided.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views5 pages

    Chapter 9 Periodicity Revision (

    Uploaded by

    Ting Nicholas
    This document summarizes periodic trends across Period 3 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl). It discusses variations in physical properties like atomic/ionic radii and melting points. It also examines chemical properties such as reactions with oxygen, chlorine, and water. Reactions of oxides and chlorides are outlined, identifying basic, acidic and amphoteric behaviors. Lattice energies are noted to influence reactivity. Reaction equations and pH values are provided.

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    Chapter 9 Periodicity – Studies the element across Period 3 (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl)

    Physical Properties
    Variation in Atomic and Ionic Radii:

    Variation in Melting Point:


    Variation in Electrical Conductivity:

    Variation in First Ionization Energy


    Chemical Properties of Elements
    Reaction with O2 and Cl2

    Reaction with O2 Reaction with Cl2

    Na

    Mg

    Al

    Si

    Reaction with H2O


    ** only Na and Mg react with water.

    pH =
    pH =

    Chemical Properties of Oxides


    Variation of Melting Points of Oxides

    Reaction of Oxides with Water:


    Na: Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH pH = 13

    Mg: Mg + H2O → Mg(OH)2 pH = 9

    P: P4O10 + 6H2O → 4H3PO4 pH = 2

    S: SO2 + H2O → H2SO3 pH = 2


    SO3 + H2O → H2SO4

    ** Al2O3 and SiO2 do not dissolve in water because they have high lattice energy

    Reaction of Chlorides with Water:

    Equation pH

    Na NaCl + aq → Na+ + Cl- 7

    Mg MgCl2 + 6H2O → [Mg(H2O)6]2+ + 2Cl- 6.5


    [Mg(H2O)6]2+ ⇌ [Mg(H2O)5(OH)]+ + H+

    Al AlCl3 + 6H2O → [Al(H2O)6]3++ 3Cl- 3


    [Al(H2O)6]3+ ⇌ [Al(H2O)5(OH)]2+ + H+

    Si SiCl4 + 2H2O → SiO2 + 4HCl 2

    P PCl5 + 4H2O → H3PO4 + 5HCl 2

    S 2S2Cl2 + 3H2O → H2SO3 + 4HCl + 3S 2

    Acid/Base reactions of Oxides:


    Na2O and MgO are basic oxides -

    Na2O + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O


    MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O

    Al2O3 is an amphoteric oxide -

    Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O


    Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O → 2NaAl(OH)4

    SiO2: ** only reacts with fused NaOH at high temperature

    SiO2 + 2NaOH → Na2SiO3 + H2O

    P4O10 , SO2 , SO3 are acidic oxide-


    P4O10 + 12NaOH → 4Na3PO4 + 6H2O
    SO2 + 2NaOH → Na2SO3 + H2O
    SO3 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + H2O

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