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7.3 Test Taking Skills

This document provides an overview of Alfred Adler's 4 styles of life (phlegmatic, melancholy, choleric, sanguine) and their associated humors and affected body parts. It also briefly discusses several early psychologists and their contributions, including Arthur Otis and standardized testing, Robert Yerkes and the first group mental tests, Francis Galton and notions of normal distribution. Key concepts in attachment theory from John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth are also mentioned.

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Hannah Realuyo
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104 views15 pages

7.3 Test Taking Skills

This document provides an overview of Alfred Adler's 4 styles of life (phlegmatic, melancholy, choleric, sanguine) and their associated humors and affected body parts. It also briefly discusses several early psychologists and their contributions, including Arthur Otis and standardized testing, Robert Yerkes and the first group mental tests, Francis Galton and notions of normal distribution. Key concepts in attachment theory from John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

Hannah Realuyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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July 3, 2022

Review for Boards

Alfred Adler
4 Styles of Life
Humoral Psychology
- related to bodily fluids
- everything needs to be balanced or else you experience mental disorders
Phlegmatic
Leaning Type – what the fuck is a leaning type ??
- Phlegm/White Bile – more water in their body
- Water
- Sluggish
- Usually experienced by those with obsessive-compulsive disorders
- Can be likened to a snail
- Lungs are affected
Melancholy
Avoiding Type (prefers to stay away from people)
- Earth
- Sad constantly
- Black Bile
- They don’t like to deal with other people (introverted ??)
- Prone to mood swings
- Abdominal/Pooping ang affected (lots of tummy aches, usually always depressed)
Choleric
Ruling Type
- Fire
- Yellow Bile
- Hot-tempered, bossy, aggressive, angry all the time, sadist, impulsive, irritable
- Liver is affected
Sanguine
Socially-useful
- Air
- Represented by blood (Red bile)
- The heart is affected
- Cheerful & friendly person
- Good humor

P L P W
M A B E
C R Y F
S S B A
He believed in individual differences and coined the terms verbal ability, ability to follow
directions, numerical ability & knowledge of information.
- Arthur Otis (who the fuck is this guy)
- Group-administered SBIT
- Multiple Choice Test
- Objective Test
- Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT)
o Roger Lennon & Arthur Otis (proponents of OLSAT)
o Verbal ability
o Ability to follow directions
o Numerical ability
o Knowledge of information
Robert Yerkes
- “The Great Apes” – again wtf is this ??
- First group/mass mental test
o Army Alpha (Literate)
o Army Beta (Illiterate)
- Yerkes-Dodson Law
o Stress curve (Relationship of performance & stress level)

o
B – lesser & lesser people are registering in those curves
D – university degrees are at the top
Correct answer: That any of our natural gifts there will be an average amount of that feature,
to which most people approximate.

Correct answer: B. Di ko kasabot <3


Francis Galton
- Nature vs. Nurture
- We were born with genes – but environmental factors can affect us
- Eugenics – I forgot what the fuck eugenics is.
- Notion of Normal Distribution
- Natural Gifts – things we acquire from our parents
o Temperament
o IQ
o Physical Characteristics

Correct answer: A
D is from Fromm
Narcissism
- Self-love
- Grandiose
- Crave the following:
o Admiration
Machiavellianism
- Manipulate
- Exploit
- Disregard Morality
- Deceive
- Self-interest
Psychopathy
- Anti-social
- Remorseless
- Impulsive
- Selfish
Attachment Theory – John Bowlby & Mary Ainsworth
- Secure Attachment Style
- Anxious/Ambivalent Attachment Style
- Avoidant Attachment style

Correct Answer: C – “imagining the feared stimuli”


- Not instant exposure
What the hell is implosive therapy? – I have not heard of this before.

Systematic Desensitization
- Gradual exposure to the feaered object
Flooding
- Abrupt exposure of the person to the feared object
- Check if the person has a heart defect
Primal Therapy – might want to do more research on this :>
- Arthur Janov
- Repressed pain
o Air out all the stuff that’s hurting you – effect is hopefully cathartic
o We have to experience & re-experience our trauma [to heal, methinks]
o Let them scream
Correct Answer: A

So what is Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? (chronic is usually more than 6 months)


- 6 months or more
- 4 of the following must be present
o Headache

o Arthralgia
 Joint pains
o Recurrent Sore Throat
o Muscle Tension
o Prolonged Exhaustion
o Unrefreshing sleep
o Tender Lymph Nodes
o Impaired:
 Short Term Memory
 Concentration

Correct answer: D

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder


- Hallucination, Delusion, Ilusion (3 main features of psychotic disorder)
o Illusion is not in the DSM-5
- Mental disturabnce that features
o Withdrawal (hey have their own world, withdraw from family & loved ones)
o Affective problems (kind of wrong emotional reactions ?? too much laughing
even when there’s nothing funny)
o Interrupted thought processes
- Not in touch with reality
- What are the different diagnostic criteria of Schizophrenia?
o DSM – 5
 Duration: Initially 1 month
 If not one month, it could be diagnosed is brief psychosis
 Two or more of the following must be present in the 1-month period:
 Delusions
o False beliefs
o Note: there are grandiose delusions, paranoid delusions,
erotomanic delusions, somatic delusions, etc. (research)
 Hallucination
o False sensory perceptions – hearing/seeing things that
other people are not
 Disorganized Speech – research this bit
o Example: Neologism, word salad, echolalia, etc.
 Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
o Catatonic behavior:
 Stereotypy
 Waxy Flexibility
 Stuporous(?) Behavior
 Negative Symptoms
o Naaaaaaa (research these) – basta 7 A
 Alogia
 Affective Flattening
 Anhedonia
 Attention Impairment
 Avolition
 Asocial Behavior
 Anergia
 Level of function
o Markedly below achieved prior to the onset in one or
more major areas
 Work, interpersonal relations, self-care

Test Taking Skill II

Correct answer: C

INTERNAL CONSISTENCY
0.4-0.49 – unacceptable
0.5-0.59 – poor
0.6-0.69 – questionable
0.7-0.79 – acceptable
0.8-0.89 – good
0.9-1.0 - excellent
Correct answer: B

Correct answer: A

McCrae and Costa, Jr


- The Big 5 Personality Factors (OCEAN)
- Heritability of the 5 factors
o O – 0.46
o C – 0.28
o E – 0.36
o A – 0.28
o N – 0.31
Correct answer: D

Carl Jung – archetypes (cosmic psychology – from 2018)


Alfred Adler – individual psychology
Karen Horney – neurotic trends, basic anxiety
Erich Fromm – mechanisms of escape, transendence, syndrome of decay
RESEARCH THESE BITCHES PLS

Correct answer: B or D (gi tuyo ni ni Ma’am Jane)


Biophilia, Love of others, positive freedom – opposites of necrophilia, narcissism, incestuous
symbiosis (respectively)
Correct answer: D

Moral Treatment – Pinel


Philippine Pinel
- Human treatment
o Unchained
o Treated with kindness
Dorothea Dix
- Mental hygiene movement
- Prison reform
Benjamin Rush
- Humane treatment
- Tranquilizing chair
Community Mental Health Act 1963 – John Kennedy
Cleanliness – Dorothea Dix

Correct answer: A
Positive Symptoms (PBHAADD)
- Bizarre behavior
- Hallucinations
- Ambivalence
- Abnormal thought forms
- Delusions
- Develops over a short time

If dopamine is high in our brains, we get hallucinations


Question: what’s the most common type of hallucination ??

Correct answer: A

The thing about this question is – we’re not supposed to diagnose a mental illness, but more
like determing the term only.

Associative looseness
- Confused thinking
- Jumbled & illogical speech & reasoning
- Can be seen in schizophrenia – associated with schizophrenia
Perseveration Phenomenon
- Repetition of a partcicular response; repetition of:
o Word
o Phrase
o Or even a gesture or movement
- Kind of like echolalia & echofraxia (?)
- Dementia of the Alzheimer’s time
Flight of Ideas
- Rapidly shifts:
o Between conversation
- Speech is:
o Challenging
o Impossible to follow

Correct answer: D

Gestalt – how it went


Behavioristic approach – never ask why because it’s as if you’re accusing the person

Adlerian Therapy
- Encourage & assist
- Purposeful – to look at the future
- Time-limited approach
Person-centered Therapy (lowk opposite of adlerian)
- Be empathic to the person
- Active listening
- Non-directive
Gestalt Therapy
- What and how
- Here and now
- Don’t care about the past or future
- Empty-chair technique
Correct answer: B

Antabuse is – a synthetic compound used in the treatment of alcoholics to make drinking


alcohol produce unpleasant aftereffects.

Exposure in vivo and response prevention


- ERP is a type of behavioral therapy that exposes people to situations that provoke their
obsessions and the resulting distress while helping them prevent their compulsive
responses. The ultimate goal of ERP is to free people from the cycle of obsessions and
compulsions so they can live better.

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