JOB SPECIFICATION No.

WELDING SPECIFICATION FOR B302-000-02-42-WSP-0002

PIPELINE LAYING (HDD SECTION) Rev.0
Page 24 of 44

ANNEXURE-3: RADIOGRAPHY

1.0 SCOPE
This annexure covers the radiographic inspection of all types of welded joints of the
main pipeline.
The welded joints shall include the following:
i) Full girth welds on the mainline construction including double jointing of pipe, if
adopted.
ii) Welds for installation of block valves, insulating joints and other appurtenances
and tie-ins.
iii) Welds at scraper launching and receiving barrels.
iv) Terminal Piping
CONTRACTOR to note that welds made with narrow bevel angle shall be inspected by
Automated Ultrasonic testing (PAUT+TOFD) and not Radiography. Detailed procedure
shall be submitted by CONTRACTOR for COMPANY approval.
2.0 APPLICABLE STANDARDS
This specification shall apply in conjunction with the following (all latest edition):
i) API 1104, Standard for welding Pipelines and Related Facilities
ii) ANSI B 31.8, Code for Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems.
iii) ANSI B 31.4, Code for Transportation System for Hydrocarbons, Liquid
Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia and Alcohols.
iv) ASTM E94 (2017) Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination
v) The American Society for Nondestructive Testing. Recommended Practice No.
SNT-TC-1A Supplement A.
iv) DIN EN 462-1:1994-03: Non-destructive testing-Image quality of Radiographs-
Part 1: Image quality Indicators (wire type)- Determination of image quality
value.
3.0 PROCEDURE
3.1 The radiographic examination procedure to be adopted shall be submitted by the
CONTRACTOR as per Exhibit-F.
3.2 The procedure of radiographic examination shall be qualified to the entire satisfaction
of COMPANY prior to use. It shall include but not be limited to the following
requirements:
i) Lead foil intensifying screens, at the rear of the film shall be used for all
exposures.
ii) Type 2 and 3 films as per ASTM E94 (2017) shall be used.
iii) A densitometer shall be used to determine film density. The transmitted film
density shall be between 2.0 and 3.5 throughout the weld. The unexposed
base density of the film shall not exceed 0.30.
iv) Radiographic identification system and documentation for radiographic
interpretation reports and their recording system.
3.3 The CONTRACTOR shall qualify each procedure in the presence of the COMPANY
prior to use.

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 JOB SPECIFICATION No.
WELDING SPECIFICATION FOR B302-000-02-42-WSP-0002
PIPELINE LAYING (HDD SECTION) Rev.0
Page 25 of 44

3.4 The procedure of radiographic examination shall produce radiographs of sufficient

density, clarity and contrast so that defects in the weld or in the pipe adjacent to the
weld, are clearly discernible.
3.5 One Check shot of the full joint on main line welds shall be taken per 100 circumferential
welds or one per day of the production which ever is more for cross checking the
correctness of the radiographs of weld joints executed by the contractors. For taking
check shots on completed/accepted sections, contractor has to separately mobilize
either internal crawler/external X-ray unit, as appropriate.
3.6 All the girth welds of mainline shall be subjected to 100% radiographic examination.
The CONTRACTOR shall furnish all the radiographs to the COMPANY, immediately
after processing them, together with the corresponding interpretation reports on
approved format. The details of the radiographs along with the joint identification
number shall be duly entered in a register and signed by the CONTRACTOR and
submitted to the COMPANY for approval.
3.7 When the radiation source and the film are both on the outside of the weld and located
diametrically opposite each other, the maximum acceptable length of film for each
exposure shall not exceed the values given. The minimum film overlap, in such cases,
shall be 40mm. The ellipse exposure technique may be used on nominal pipe sizes of
2 inch and smaller provided that the source of film distance used is a minimum of 12
inch.
3.8 Three copies of each acceptable radiographic procedure (as per Exhibit-F) and three
copies of radiographic qualification records, shall be supplied to COMPANY. One set
of the qualifying radiographs on the job shall be kept by the CONTRACTOR's
authorized representative to be used as a standard for the quality of production
radiographic during the job. The other two sets shall be retained by COMPANY for its
permanent record.
3.9 Three copies of the exposure charts relating to material thickness, kilo voltage, source
of film distance and exposure time shall also be made available to COMPANY by the
CONTRACTOR.
3.10 The CONTRACTOR shall, on a daily basis, record for each radiograph (1) radiograph's
number, (2) approximate chainage of weld location, (3) whether or not the welds meet
the specified acceptance standards and (4) the nature and approximate location of
unacceptable defects observed. It must be possible to relate back to a particular butt
weld and welder on piping drawing and pipeline alignment drawing.
3.11 Each day's production of processed radiographs shall be properly packaged
separately, identified by at least the (1) date, (2) radiographic unit, (3) job locations, (4)
starting and ending progress survey stations and (5) shall include original and three
copies of the daily radiographic record. The package shall be submitted to the
COMPANY daily when possible, but in no event later than noon of the following day.
3.12 The CONTRACTOR shall provide all the necessary facilities at site, such as a dark
room with controlled temperature, film viewer etc. to enable the COMPANY to examine
the radiographs.
3.13 The CONTRACTOR, if found necessary, may modify the procedure of radiographic
examination suiting to the local conditions prevailing. This shall, however, be subject
to the approval of the Company.
3.14 COMPANY shall have free access to all the CONTRACTOR's work facilities in the
field.
3.15 Any approval granted by the COMPANY shall not relieve the CONTRACTOR of his
responsibilities and guarantees.
4.0 RADIATION SOURCE
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 JOB SPECIFICATION No.
WELDING SPECIFICATION FOR B302-000-02-42-WSP-0002
PIPELINE LAYING (HDD SECTION) Rev.0
Page 26 of 44

4.1 Radiographic examination shall be carried out using X-radiations; radiographic

examination by Gamma rays using slow speed films may be allowed, at the discretion of
the COMPANY, in case of inaccessible joints. Radiography by Gamma ray for tie-in-
joints shall be acceptable provided Type I of ASTM E1815-08 film or equivalent is used
and the required sensitivity obtained.
4.2 Whenever possible, pipeline welds will be inspected by placing the radiation source
inside the pipe, on the pipeline axis, with a radiation of 6.28 red. (360).
If it is impossible to place the radiation source inside the pipe, the weld will be
inspected with the source on the outside. An overlap of at least 40 mm at the ends of
each film shall be required to ensure that the first and last location increment numbers
are common to successive films and to establish that no part of a weld has been
omitted.
5.0 LEVEL OF QUALITY
The quality level of Radiographic sensitivity required for radiographic inspection shall
be at least equivalent to the values in Figure-5.
6.0 PENETRAMETERS
The Image Quality Indicator (IQI) shall be used for the qualification of the welding
procedure and during normal line production. Radiography sensitivity shall be
measured with the wire image quality indicator (Penetrameter). The Penetrameter
shall be selected according to DIN EN 462-1:1994-03 or ISO 19232-1:2013. For
radiographs made with the source on the outside, a Penetrameter shall be placed on
each side of the film with the smaller wire of the Penetrameter turned towards the end
of the film itself. When a complete weld is radiographed in a single exposure using a
source inside the piping, four pentrameters approximately equally spaced around the
circumference shall be used. During the procedure qualification, IQI shall be placed
both on the source side and on the film side. The sensitivity obtained with IQI on the
source side shall not be less than the values shown in Figure 5 of this specification.
The sensitivity limit may be considered to have been reached when the outline of the
IQI, its identification number and the wire of the required diameter show up clearly on
the radiograph.
The COMPANY may authorize use of types of IQI other than those planned, provided
that they conform with recognized standards and only if the CONTRACTOR is able to
demonstrate that the minimum sensitivity level required is obtained. For this
demonstration, a test shall be carried out comparing the IQI specified and the
CONTRACTOR's to show up the identification number and other details of the
proposed IQI, which must be visible in the test radiograph.
7.0 FILM IDENTIFICATION MARKERS
All films shall be clearly identified by lead numbers, letters, and/or markers. The image
of the markers shall appear on the films, without interfering with the interpretation.
These markers positions shall also be marked on the part to be radiographed and shall
be maintained during radiography.
8.0 PROTECTION AND CARE OF FILM
8.1 All unexposed films shall be protected and stored properly as per the requirements of
API 1104 standard and ASTM E94 (2017).
8.2 The exposed and unexposed film shall be protected from heat, light, dust and
moisture. Sufficient shielding shall be supplied to prevent exposure of film to
damaging radiation prior to and following the use of the film for radiographic exposure.
9.0 RE-RADIOGRAPHY

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 JOB SPECIFICATION No.
WELDING SPECIFICATION FOR B302-000-02-42-WSP-0002
PIPELINE LAYING (HDD SECTION) Rev.0
Page 27 of 44

9.1 The weld joints shall be re-radiographed in case of unsatisfactory quality of the
radiographs, at the expense of the CONTRACTOR.
9.2 All the repaired weld joints shall be re-radiographed at no extra cost to the COMPANY
in the same manner as that followed for the original welds. In addition, the repaired
weld areas shall be identified with the original identification number plus the letter R to
indicate the repair.
9.3 When evaluating repair film, radiographers shall compare each section (exposure) of
the weld with the original film to assure repair was correctly marked and original defect
removed.
9.4 The COMPANY will review prior to any repair of welds, all the radiographs of welds
that contain, according to the CONTRACTOR's interpretation, unacceptable defects.
The final disposition of all unacceptable welds shall be decided by the COMPANY.
10.0 QUALIFICATION OF RADIOGRAPHERS
10.1 Pipeline radiographers shall be qualified in accordance with the requirement of API
1104 and to the full satisfaction of COMPANY.
10.2 Certification of all the radiographers, qualified as per 10.1 above, shall be furnished by
the CONTRACTOR to the COMPANY before a radiographer will be permitted to
perform production radiography. The certificate record shall include:
i) Background and Experience Record
ii) Training Course Record
iii) Technical Examination Record
iv) Doctor's report on radiographer's Jacque 0-1 acquity eye test
v) Date of qualification
10.3 The radiographers shall be required to qualify with each radiographic procedure they
use, prior to performing the work assigned to him in accordance with the specification.
11.0 PRESERVATION OF RADIOGRAPHS
11.1 The radiographs shall be processed to allow storage of films without any discoloration
for at least three years. All the radiographs shall be presented in suitable folders for
preservation along with necessary documentation.
11.2 All radiographs shall become property of the COMPANY.
12.0 EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES
12.1 CONTRACTOR shall make necessary arrangements at his own expense, for providing
the radiographic equipment, radiographic films and all the accessories for carrying out
the radiographic examination for satisfactory and timely completion of the job.
12.2 For carrying out the mainline radiographic examination the CONTRACTOR shall be
equipped with suitable mobile/stationary type dark rooms.
These shall have all the required facilities for film processing. Film viewer used shall
be equipped with the film illuminator that has a light source of sufficient intensity and
suitably controlled to allow viewing film densities up to 4.0 without damaging the film.
13.0 RADIATION PROTECTION
13.1 CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the protection and personnel monitoring of
every man with or near radiation sources.
13.2 The protection and monitoring shall comply with local regulations.

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 JOB SPECIFICATION No.
WELDING SPECIFICATION FOR B302-000-02-42-WSP-0002
PIPELINE LAYING (HDD SECTION) Rev.0
Page 28 of 44

13.3 In view of visual hazards in the handling of Radioactive source of material,

CONTRACTOR shall be solely responsible for complying with all rules and regulations
set forth by Atomic Energy Commission or any other Government agencies of India in
this regard and COMPANY shall not be responsible and shall be kept indemnified by
the CONTRACTOR for default (s) of whatever nature by the CONTRACTOR. Safety
equipment as considered adequate by the COMPANY for all necessary personnel
shall be made available for use and maintained for immediate and proper use by the
CONTRACTOR.
14.0 DISPLAY OF SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
14.1 The safety provisions shall be brought to the notice of all concerned by display on a
notice board at prominent place at the work spot. The person responsible for the
“Safety” shall be named by the CONTRACTOR.
15.0 ENFORCEMENT OF SAFETY REGULATIONS
15.1 To ensure effective enforcement of the rules and regulations relating to safety
precautions, the arrangement made by the CONTRACTOR shall be open to inspection
by COMPANY or its representatives.
16.0 FIRST AID AND INDUSTRIAL INJURIES
16.1 CONTRACTOR shall maintain first aid facilities for its employees and those of sub-
contractors.
16.2 CONTRACTOR shall make outside arrangements for ambulance service and for
treatment of industrial injuries. Names of those providing these services shall be
furnished to COMPANY prior to start of work and their telephone no. Shall be posted
prominently in CONTRACTOR'S field office.
16.3 All critical industrial injuries shall be reported promptly to the COMPANY and a copy of
CONTRACTOR's report covering each personal injury requiring the attention of
physician shall be furnished to the COMPANY.
17.0 NO EXEMPTION
Notwithstanding the above there is nothing in these to exempt the CONTRACTOR
from the operation of any other act or rules in force.

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