SCHOOL NAME Biology Investigatory Project NAME: CLASS: XII ROLL NO: SESSION: 2023-24CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Student Name has successfully completed her Biology project titled DRUG ADDICTION under the supervision and guidance of BIOLOGY TEACHER in the partial fulfillment of the Biology practical assessnient ¢onducted-during the academic year 2023-2024. EXAMINER TEACHERACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my immense gratitude to my biology teacher Teacher Name for the help and guidance, He/she provided for. completing this project. I also thank my parents who gave their ideas and inputs in making this project. Most of all I thank our school management, for providing us the facilities and opportunity to do this project. Lastly, I would like to,thanks my,classmates who have done this project along with me. Their support made this project fruitful. - Student NameCONTENT Acknowledgement Classification of addictive drug Some harmful drug Cause of drug addiction Effect of drug addiction Harm. caused by drug How to get rid of drug addiction?TOPIC Drug AddictionINTRODUCTION Drug abuse, also called substance abuse or chemical abuse, is a disorder that is characterized by a destructive pattern of using a substance that leads to significant problems or distress. Teens are increasingly engaging in prescription drug abuse, particularly narcotics (which are prescribed to relieve severe pain), and stimulant medications, which treat conditions like attention deficit disorder and narcolepsy. Any substance, other than food) used in the prevéiition, diagnosis, all aviation or treatment of a disease,i§ called a drug. Drug is also knowinas a medicine Generally, the terni/drugs applied to any stimulating or depressing substance that can be habifuating or addictives/A drug, broadly Speaking, can be categorized in many ways; hard of soft, appers or downers, addietive or non- addictive, most harmful or least harmful, legal or illegalClassification of Addictive Drugs There are a large number of drugs on which people become dependent. These are classifying into four major groups: Sedatives and Tranquillizers, Opiate Narcotics, Stimulations and Hallucinogens. Type of Drug Effect Examples Depress CNSvactivity give feeling of Barbiturates, calmness, relaxation, Benzodiazepines drowsiness . __. | Suptess brainactivity | Opium, Morphine, Opiate Narcotics and relaxed pain Codeine, Heroin Make a person more -A mphetarhin Stimulations wakeful, alert and iphetamines, ss Ss Caffeine, Cocaine active, cause excitement LSQ, Mescaline, Psilocybin, Chares, Hashish Hallucinogens Make @ person more wakeful, perceptionsSome Harmful Drug Commonly used as smack Heroin is chemically diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless, bitter crystalline compound. This is obtained by acetylation of morphine which is extracted from latex of poppy plant Papaver somniferous. Generally taken by snozting and injection, heroin is a depressant and slows down body function. Cannabis sativa. The flower tops, leaves and the resin of the plant are used in various combinations torproduce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja. Generally taken by inhalation and ofal ingestion, these are known for their effects on cardiovascular’system of the body. . Cocai It is obtained from cocayplant Erythtox¥lon cocasnative to South America. It interferes with the transport of the neuro-transmitter dopamine. Cocaine, commonly called coke Ofitrackeis usually snortedillfhas the potent stimulating action on central nervous system, producing sense of euphoria and increased energy. Excessive dosage of cocaine causes hallucinations.Cause of drug addiction ‘There are many factors that lead people to drug addiction sity: Frequent references to drugs by public media create curiosity for having a personal experience of the crugs. Friend’s pressure: Frequent appreciation of drug experience by friends allures others to start the use of drugs. Frustration and Depression: Some people start taking drugs to get relief from frustrationand depression. Desire for More Work: Students sometimes take drugs to keep awake the whole night to prepare for €xamination At is not desirable as it may cause mental breakdown. Looking for a Different World: A.wrong notion that the drugs open up a new world tempts some young pupils to start taking-drugs. Relief from Pain: A prolonged.use of pain-relieving drugs with physician’s advice at times leads to addiction. Family History: Children may take to drugs by seeing their elders in the family. Excitement and Adventure: The young take to drugs t6 satisfy their instinct for excitementiand adventure.Effect of Drug Ad nm Loss of appetite Increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature Contracted blood vessels Increased rate of breathing Dilated pupils Disturbed sleep patter Nausea Hyperstimulation Bizarre, erraticysometimes violent behaviour Hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability Tactile hallucination that‘ereates the illusion of bugs burrowing under the skin Intense euphoria Anxiety and paranoia Depression Intense drug craving Panic and psychosis Convulsions, seizures and sudden death'from high doses (even one time)Long-Term Effects Permanent damage to blood vessels of ear and brain, high blood pressure, leading to heart attacks, strokes and death Liver, kidney and lung damage Respiratory failure Infectious diseases and abscesses if injected Malnutrition, weight loss Auditory and tactile hallucinations’ Sexual problems, reproductive damage and infertility (for both men andwomen) > Disorientation/apathy, confused exhaustion Irritability and mood disturbances. Increased frequency of tisky behayiour Delirium or psychosis Severe depression Tolerance and addiction (even after just one use) ism in Drug Addic ay eae 11] PageHarm caused by Drugs Tobacco Sources: It is a native of South Africa, where the Red Indian first started smoking. Now the tobacco plant has spread the world over. It has large, quote to Lancelot leaves and terminal clusters of tubularsywhiteor pink flowers. Modes of Use: Tobacco is used for smoking, chewing and snuffing. Its main stimulating component is poisonous volatile alkaid nicotine, whieh causes addiction. Nicotine synthesis occurs in the roots of the plant but it is stored in the leaves. The leaves contain 2 to 8% ni¢otine, Inhaling tobaced smoke from cigars, cigarettes, biddies, pipes and hubble-bubble is called smoking. Cigar is a roll of tobacco leaf. Cigarette is cut tobacco Wrapped in paper. Bidi is tobaceo wrapped. In a piece of leafDobacco smoke is drawndirectly from pipe and through water is hubble-bubble. Smoking May give some temporary relief to the strained nerves but in the long run it proves’@ dangerous health hazard. The quantity of nicotine containedn, one cigar may,proyerfatal if injected intravenously into a person. When smoked only 10% of the smokedis inhaled. Hence, no immediate ill effect is, observed. Smokers may develop a physiological craying for nicotine-and then they cannot give up smoking. Harmful components of Tobacco Smoke: Besides the poisonous nicotine, the tobacco smoke contains carbon-monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and tar Smoking affects economy: A smoker not only waste money, but also runs risk of burns and fires. “ Smoking mars personality: Teeth may become stained. Lips may get discoloured and breath becomes a21Pfoul. A person with a cigarette hanging from the mouth look odd. + Smoking is annoying to others Cigarette smoke is quite annoying to non-smokers. It may prove even more harmful to them. A smoker should avoid smoking. When in the company of non-smokers. A smoker makes the nearby people passive smokers through inhaling smoke released by him. Alcohol An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known as alcohol, although in chemist*yithe definition 6f alcohol includes many other compounds. Ethanol is a centrally-aeting drug with a depressant effect. Beer is an alcoholig beverage and thus has the)samé harmful effects as other kinds of alcohol, depending on the quaftity consumed Reasons for Drinking: Y Psychological factors arecuriosity, poor stress control, escape from reality, pour impulse coutl, low self estecuy/pUsitive altitudes (wards alvolul, to get rid of problems, to 6véreome loneliness} élief from tension and to gain courage. Social factors are peer pressure, modelling, easy availability ofalcohol in the market, partyiculture, family ¢nyitonment (Parent/s drinking/aleohol), lack of family support, to keep|up soctal norms and to show their masculinity. Biological factors are Genetic vulnerability like familly history of alcoholism in parents or near relatives and to getsleep. Impact of Drinking Alcohol: Unlike other foods, alcohol docs not require digestion. When one drinks, alcohol is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the walls of the stomach and the intestine. 331?Once alcohol enters the bloodstream it circulates throughout the body. Alcohol is metabolized in the liver and is changed to carbon dioxide, water and some calories of energy which gets converted into fat. A small amount of alcohol goes out of the body through breath, urine and sweat. Regular, excessive use of alcohol causes acute and chronic problems related to health, occupation, family and social relationships Health Problems: Alcohol can damage every system of our body. Gastro intestinal system (stomach and intestines): IncreaS€d acid secretidfijleading to acidity, ulcers, gastritis, and cancer > Liver: Hepatitis, jaundice and vomiting of blood due to eitthosis of liver, liver cancer, acute liver failure, Pancreas: Pancreatic damage due t0 inflammation of pancreas and acute pancreatitis leading to sudden death Central nervous system: (brain atid/Spital cord): Permanent damage of brain resulting in memofydisturbances, other nervous problems, fits and mental illnesses. Cardio vascular systemsHigh blood pressure, increased tendeney to heart attacks, enlargement of the heart. Hangovers: Excessive drinking.can lead to hangovers, thus causing problems like headache, nausea, vomit and body aches. Weight gain: alcohol consumption in larger quantities can lead to weight gain, because alcoholic beverages are usually high in calories. Weak immune system: alcohol consumption makes your immune system weak, thus making your body more susceptible to infections. Cancer: alcohol when consumed in excessive quantities puts you at a higher risk of developing cancer. Fatal alcohol syndrome: Drinking aleohol in pregnancy may cause the Fatal Alcohol Syndrome (physical abnormalities, growth retardation and 14| Pagedevelopmental delay) Sources: Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol, flammable, colourless liquid having a penetrating odour and burning taste. It is one of the products of the distillation of fermented grains, fruit juices and starches with the help of yeast enzymes. It is the principal constituent and the intoxicating principle of wines. Modes of Use: Alcohol is taken in low concentration, as the beer, toddy and wine and in relatively high conéentration as arrack, brandy, whisky, rum, gin, vodka ete. ‘Alcohol Heroin Crack eocaine Methamphetamine Cocaine Tobacca ‘Amphetamine Cannabis Benzodiazepines Ketamine Methadone Mephedrone Butane Anabolic seroiss ay Qatrknat usp Somes ‘MushroomsHow to get rid of drug addiction? Getting rid of drug addiction is a complex and challenging process that requires commitment, effort, and support. Here are some steps that may be helpful in overcoming drug addiction: Y Acknowledge the problem: The first step in overcoming drug addiction is to acknowledge that there is a problem and a desire to change. Seek professional help: Seek help from a protessional addiction treatment provider, such as a doctor, therapist, or addiction specialist, who can guide you through the fecovery process. Join a support group: Joining a support group, such as Narcotics Anonymous or SMART Recovery, can provide you with a sense of community and support during the recovery process. Develop a plan: Work with your treatment provider to develop a personalized plan that includes therapy, medication-assisted treatment, and other interventions to help you 6¥ercome your addiction. Avoid triggers: Identify and avoid triggers that may tempt you to use drugs again, such as certain people, placesyor sittiations. Build a support network: Surround yourself with a supportive network of friends and family members who cau help you stay motivated and accountable. Practice self-care: Take caté of yourself physically and emotionally by getting enough sleep, eating a healthy diet, exercising, and practicing stress- reduction techniques like meditation or yoga. Stay committed: Overcoming drug addiction is a long-term process that requires commitment and effort. Stay committed to your recovery and celebrate your progress along the way.CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, drug addiction is a complex and multifaceted issue that affects individuals, families, and communities worldwide. It is a chronic disease that alters the brain's chemistry and behaviour, making it difficult for individuals to control their drug use despite the negative consequences. Drug addiction can lead to a range of physical, psychological, and social problems, including overdose, mental health issues, unemployment, and relationship difficulties. Howevér, it is treatablé)jand recovery is possible with appropriate interventions and support. Effective treatment for drug addictiontypieally involves a combination of behavioural thetapies, medications, and support groups. It is essential to address the underlying issues that may, have contributed to theaddiction, such as trauma, stress, or mental health problems. Preventing drug addiction requires a comprehensive approach that ineludes education, prevention programs, and policies that address the root causes of addiction, such as poverty, social inequality, and access to healthcare, Overall, drug addiction 1s a serious puiblic Health issue that requires ongoing research, education, and intervention’to reduce its impact on individuals and society.REFERENCE * Comprehensive Laboratory Manual Biology-12 * Biology Text for Class XII - NCERT >* http:/www.wikipediaor8/ * Google search engine * https:/Avww.medicinenet.com/drug_abuseMPORTANT NOTICE If You Want A Copy of This Project Without Any Watermark Which Is Chargeable You Can Contact Me on contact.knowledgetycle@gmail.com Telegram: @knowledgecycle Scan the below QR to contact us on WhatsApp Knowledge Cycle WhatsApp business account PDF COST: %79 For more details Visit to this website: https://knowledgecycle.in