Ann 1

24/05/2023, 17:44 FINAL - Jupyter Notebook
Assignment 1
In [1]:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np
import math
In [8]:
def sigmoid(x):
return 1 / (1 + np.exp(-0.5*x))
y = np.linspace(-10, 10, 100)
x = sigmoid(y)
plt.plot(y, x)
plt.xlabel("Input")
plt.ylabel("Output")
plt.title("Sigmoid Activation Function")
Out[8]:
Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Sigmoid Activation Function')
localhost:8888/notebooks/Untitled Folder 1/FINAL.ipynb 1/20

In [9]:
x = np.linspace(-10, 10, 100)

dx=x[1]-x[0]
y=1 / (1 + np.exp(-0.5*x))
dydx=np.gradient(y,dx)
plt.plot(x, dydx)
plt.xlabel("Input")
plt.ylabel("Output")
plt.title("Derivative of Sigmoid Activation Function")
Out[9]:
Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Derivative of Sigmoid Activation Function')
Assignment 2
In [10]:
import numpy as np
a=np.array([[1,1],[1,0],[0,1],[0,0]])
w=[1,-1]
T=1
result=[]
In [11]:
def AND_NOT():
print("Aggregation of inputs and weights is: ")
for i in range(0,4):
x=a[i]@w
print(x)
if x<T:
result.append(0)
else:
result.append(1)
print("Output Array: ")
return result

In [12]:
AND_NOT()
Aggregation of inputs and weights is:

0
1
-1
0
Output Array:
Out[12]:
[0, 1, 0, 0]
Assignment 3
In [13]:
import numpy as np
num=int(input("Enter the number:-"))
Enter the number:-45
In [14]:
x=[]
def dec(num):
if num >= 1:
dec(num // 2)
x.append(num%2)
return x
In [17]:
dec(num)
Out[17]:
[1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1]
In [18]:
w1=w2=1
b=1
def fun():
a=(x[-1]*w1) and (b*w2)
if a==1:
print("The number is odd")
return 1
else:
print("The number is even")
return 0

In [19]:
fun()
The number is odd
Out[19]:
Assignment 4
In [33]:
import numpy as np
In [34]:
X1 = np.array([0, 0, 1, 1])
X2 = np.array([0, 1, 0, 1])
X = [X1, X2]
W = np.array([[4,5]])
In [35]:
def aggregation(X, W):

result=[]
for i in range(len(X[0])):
result.append((X[0][i]*W[0][0])+X[1][i]*W[0][1])
return np.array(result)
In [36]:
X_ = aggregation(X,W)
print(X_)
[0 5 4 9]
In [37]:
def sigmoid(X):
result=[]
for i in range(len(X)):
result.append(1/(1+np.exp(-X[i])))
return np.array(result)
In [38]:
Y = sigmoid(X_)
print(Y)
[0.5 0.99330715 0.98201379 0.99987661]

In [39]:
def check(Y, W, X):

value=[]
for i in range(len(Y)):
if Y[i]>0.5:
value.append(1)
W = W - X[i]
else:
value.append(0)
W = W + X[i]
return np.array(value), np.array(W)
In [40]:
value, result = check(Y, W, X_)
In [41]:
value,result
Out[41]:
(array([0, 1, 1, 1]), array([[-14, -13]]))
In [44]:
from sklearn import preprocessing

cos_alpha = (W.T * X) / (preprocessing.normalize(W) @ preprocessing.normalize(X))
/tmp/ipykernel_4407/3241100043.py:2: RuntimeWarning: invalid value

encountered in true_divide
cos_alpha = (W.T * X) / (preprocessing.normalize(W) @ preprocessi
ng.normalize(X))
In [45]:
plt.plot(cos_alpha)
plt.title('Cosine Similarity')
plt.xlabel('Data Points')
plt.ylabel('Cosine Similarity')
plt.show()

Assignment 5
In [46]:
import numpy as np
In [47]:
X1 = np.array([[1, -1, 1, -1]])

X2 = np.array([[-1, -1, 1, 1]])
X3 = np.array([[1, 1, -1, -1]])
X4 = np.array([[1, 1, 1, 1]])
X=[X1, X2, X3, X4]
Y1 = np.array([[1 ,0 ,1]])
Y2 = np.array([[1, 1, 1]])
Y3 = np.array([[0, 1, 1]])
Y4 = np.array([[1, 1, 0]])
Y= [Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4]
In [48]:
def calcWeight(X, Y):

return np.dot(X.T, Y)
In [49]:
def weights(X,Y):
weis=[]
for i in range(4):
weis.append(calcWeight(X[i], Y[i]))
return weis
In [50]:
weis=weights(X,Y)
In [51]:
def forward_aggregation(X,W):
result=[]
result.append(X[i]@W[i])
return np.squeeze(result)
In [52]:
def activation(X):
X = np.array(X)
X[X > 0] = 1
X[X == 0] = 0
X[X < 0] = -1
return X

In [53]:
for_aggri = forward_aggregation(X, weis)
In [54]:
for_aggri
Out[54]:
array([[4, 0, 4],
[4, 4, 4],
[0, 4, 4],
[4, 4, 0]])
In [55]:
print(activation(for_aggri))
[[1 0 1]
[1 1 1]
[0 1 1]
[1 1 0]]
In [56]:
def backward_aggregation(X,W):
result=[]
result.append(W[i]@X[i].T)
return np.squeeze(result)
In [57]:
back_aggri = backward_aggregation(Y, weis)
In [58]:
back_aggri
Out[58]:
array([[ 2, -2, 2, -2],

[-3, -3, 3, 3],
[ 2, 2, -2, -2],
[ 2, 2, 2, 2]])
In [59]:
print(activation(back_aggri))
[[ 1 -1 1 -1]
[-1 -1 1 1]
[ 1 1 -1 -1]
[ 1 1 1 1]]
Assignment 7

In [60]:
import numpy as np
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
# Step 1: Preprocess the Iris datasetS

iris = load_iris()
X = iris.data
y = iris.target
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_st
# Step 2: Implement the Cosine Similarity FunctionV

def cosine_similarity(a, b):
dot_product = np.dot(a, b)
norm_a = np.linalg.norm(a)
norm_b = np.linalg.norm(b)
return dot_product / (norm_a * norm_b)
# Step 3: Define the Neural Network ArchitectureI

input_size = X_train.shape[1]
output_size = len(np.unique(y_train))
W = np.random.randn(input_size, output_size)
# Forward propagation functionN

def forward_propagation(X):
# Input layer to output layerS
y_hat = np.zeros((X.shape[0], output_size))
for i in range(X.shape[0]):
for j in range(output_size):
y_hat[i, j] = cosine_similarity(X[i], W[:, j])
return y_hat
# Step 4: Train the Neural NetworkA

num_epochs = 1000
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
y_hat = forward_propagation(X_train)
for i in range(output_size):
y_i = np.where(y_train == i, 1, -1)
W[:, i] += 0.1 * np.dot(X_train.T, y_i - y_hat[:, i])
# Step 5: Test the Neural NetworkL

y_pred = np.argmax(forward_propagation(X_test), axis=1)
accuracy = np.mean(y_pred == y_test)
In [61]:
accuracy
Out[61]:
0.7

In [62]:
y_pred
Out[62]:
array([2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
0, 2,
0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0])
In [63]:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
In [68]:
data
Out[68]:
Id SepalLengthCm SepalWidthCm PetalLengthCm PetalWidthCm Species
0 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 Iris-setosa
1 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 Iris-setosa
2 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 Iris-setosa
3 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 Iris-setosa
4 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 Iris-setosa
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
145 146 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 Iris-virginica
146 147 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 Iris-virginica
147 148 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 Iris-virginica
148 149 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 Iris-virginica
149 150 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 Iris-virginica
150 rows × 6 columns

In [72]:
data = pd.read_csv('Iris.csv')
groups=data.groupby('Species')
setosa=groups.get_group("Iris-setosa")
veriscolor=groups.get_group("Iris-versicolor")
virginica=groups.get_group("Iris-virginica")
def test(data):
feature=["SepalLengthCm", "SepalWidthCm","PetalLengthCm", "PetalWidthCm"]
target=["Species"]
X=data[feature].values
y=data[target].values
X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(X,y, test_size=0.30)
return X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test
SX_train,SX_test,Sy_train,Sy_test = test(setosa)
VX_train,VX_test,Vy_train,Vy_test = test(virginica)
vX_train,vX_test,vy_train,vy_test = test(veriscolor)
In [73]:
val = SX_test[10]
print(val)
val=np.array(val)
[4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2]
In [74]:
new_input = np.array([[4.9, 3.1, 1.5, 0.2]])
# Make prediction
def predict(X):
y_hat = forward_propagation(X)
return np.where(y_hat[0] == np.amax(y_hat[0]))[0][0]
class_name = iris.target_names[predict(new_input)]
print('Class name:', class_name)
Class name: setosa
Assignment 11

In [75]:
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras
%matplotlib inline
import numpy as np
2023-05-24 17:32:03.712792: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_

guard.cc:193] This TensorFlow binary is optimized with oneAPI Deep
Neural Network Library (oneDNN) to use the following CPU instructio
ns in performance-critical operations: AVX2 FMA
To enable them in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the app
ropriate compiler flags.
2023-05-24 17:32:04.494517: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/d
efault/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'libcudart.
so.11.0'; dlerror: libcudart.so.11.0: cannot open shared object fil
e: No such file or directory
2023-05-24 17:32:04.494548: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cudar
t_stub.cc:29] Ignore above cudart dlerror if you do not have a GPU
set up on your machine.
2023-05-24 17:32:04.592595: E tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_
blas.cc:2981] Unable to register cuBLAS factory: Attempting to regi
ster factory for plugin cuBLAS when one has already been registered
efault/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'libnvinfe
r.so.7'; dlerror: libnvinfer.so.7: cannot open shared object file:
No such file or directory
efault/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library 'libnvinfer
_plugin.so.7'; dlerror: libnvinfer_plugin.so.7: cannot open shared
object file: No such file or directory
2023-05-24 17:32:06.400154: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/util
s/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Cannot dlopen some TensorRT libra
ries. If you would like to use Nvidia GPU with TensorRT, please mak
e sure the missing libraries mentioned above are installed properl
y.
In [76]:
(X_train, y_train) , (X_test, y_test) = keras.datasets.mnist.load_data()

In [77]:
plt.matshow(X_train[5])
Out[77]:
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x7fc4eed70490>
In [78]:
y_train[5]
Out[78]:
In [79]:
X_train = X_train / 255

X_test = X_test / 255
In [80]:
X_train[0]
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.
,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.
,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.
,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.
,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.
,
0. , 0. , 0. ],
[0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.
,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.
,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.
,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.
,
0. , 0. , 0. , 0. , 0.

In [81]:
X_train_flattened = X_train.reshape(len(X_train), 28*28)

X_test_flattened = X_test.reshape(len(X_test), 28*28)

In [87]:
model = keras.Sequential([
keras.layers.Dense(100, input_shape=(784,), activation='relu'),
keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='sigmoid')
])
model.compile(optimizer='adam',
loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',
metrics=['accuracy'])
model.fit(X_train_flattened, y_train, epochs=20)
Epoch 1/20
2023-05-24 17:34:12.974939: W tensorflow/core/framework/cpu_allocat

or_impl.cc:82] Allocation of 188160000 exceeds 10% of free system m
emory.

1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 3ms/step - loss: 0.

2705 - accuracy: 0.9235
Epoch 2/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 2ms/step - loss: 0.
1226 - accuracy: 0.9637
Epoch 3/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 2ms/step - loss: 0.
0860 - accuracy: 0.9742
Epoch 4/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 3ms/step - loss: 0.
0666 - accuracy: 0.9800
Epoch 5/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 2ms/step - loss: 0.
0531 - accuracy: 0.9839
Epoch 6/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 3ms/step - loss: 0.
0432 - accuracy: 0.9864
Epoch 7/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 2ms/step - loss: 0.
0345 - accuracy: 0.9897
Epoch 8/20
In [88]: [==============================]
1875/1875 - 5s 3ms/step - loss: 0.
0277 - accuracy: 0.9918
model.evaluate(X_test_flattened,y_test)
Epoch 9/20
1875/1875 [==============================]
313/313 [==============================] - -
1s5s 3ms/step
2ms/step - - loss:
loss: 0.
0.10
0247 - accuracy: 0.9921
48 - accuracy: 0.9784
Epoch 10/20
Out[88]:
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 3ms/step - loss: 0.
0200 - accuracy: 0.9941
[0.1047787219285965,
Epoch 11/20 0.9783999919891357]
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 3ms/step - loss: 0.
0173 - accuracy: 0.9948
Epoch 12/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 3ms/step - loss: 0.
0161 - accuracy: 0.9948
Epoch 13/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 2ms/step - loss: 0.
0118 - accuracy: 0.9965
Epoch 14/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 2ms/step - loss: 0.
0117 - accuracy: 0.9964
Epoch 15/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 3ms/step - loss: 0.
0094 - accuracy: 0.9971
Epoch 16/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 2ms/step - loss: 0.
0082 - accuracy: 0.9977
Epoch 17/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 2ms/step - loss: 0.
0075 - accuracy: 0.9976
Epoch 18/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 2ms/step - loss: 0.
0075 - accuracy: 0.9976
Epoch 19/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 2ms/step - loss: 0.
0065 - accuracy: 0.9980
Epoch 20/20
1875/1875 [==============================] - 5s 2ms/step - loss: 0.
0067 - accuracy: 0.9977

Out[87]:
In [89]:
<keras.callbacks.History
y_predicted at 0x7fc4be7259d0>
= model.predict(X_test_flattened)
y_predicted_labels = [np.argmax(i) for i in y_predicted]
cm = tf.math.confusion_matrix(labels=y_test,predictions=y_predicted_labels)
cm
313/313 [==============================] - 1s 2ms/step
Out[89]:
<tf.Tensor: shape=(10, 10), dtype=int32, numpy=

array([[ 974, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2, 0, 2,
0],
[ 0, 1122, 3, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 7,
0],
[ 2, 1, 1011, 6, 0, 0, 2, 4, 4,
2],
[ 0, 0, 1, 996, 0, 3, 0, 3, 5,
2],
[ 2, 0, 9, 0, 948, 1, 2, 3, 3, 1
4],
[ 2, 0, 0, 13, 0, 870, 2, 1, 4,
0],
[ 4, 2, 3, 1, 2, 5, 940, 0, 1,
0],
[ 2, 2, 9, 4, 0, 0, 1, 1004, 2,
4],
[ 3, 0, 3, 8, 0, 2, 1, 3, 954,
0],
[ 3, 2, 1, 12, 5, 7, 0, 3, 14, 96
2]],
dtype=int32)>
In [90]:
plt.matshow(X_test[9])
Out[90]:
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x7fc4bdf524c0>

In [91]:
np.argmax(y_predicted[9])
Out[91]:
Assignment 8
In [92]:
import numpy as np
In [93]:
X = [
[0,0,0,1],
[0,1,0,1],
[0,0,1,1],
[1,0,0,0]
]
In [94]:
rho = 0.4 #vigilance

alpha = 2 #learning_rate
n_clusters = 3 # n_clusters
n_inputs = 4
flg = 0
bij = [ ( [ (1/(1+n_inputs)) for j in range(n_clusters)] ) for i in range(n_input
global_bij = bij.copy()
tji = [ ( [ 1 for j in range(n_inputs)] ) for i in range(n_clusters)]
global_tji = tji.copy()
old_bij = np.array(bij.copy())
old_tji = np.array(tji.copy())
temp = np.array(bij)
In [95]:
bij
Out[95]:
[[0.2, 0.2, 0.2], [0.2, 0.2, 0.2], [0.2, 0.2, 0.2], [0.2, 0.2, 0.
2]]

In [96]:
def buttom_up(inputs,global_bij):
norm_s = sum(inputs)
norm_x = sum(inputs)
temp2 = np.array(global_bij)
x = np.array(inputs)
y_list=[]
for l in range(len(temp2.T)):
a = (x @ temp2.T[l])
y_list.append(a)
print(y_list)
j = y_list.index(max(y_list))
print('WINNER IS ',j)
tension,t1 = top_down(inputs,j,norm_s)
return tension,t1
In [97]:
def top_down(si,j,norm_s):
si = np.array(si)
xi = si * tji[j]
norm_x = sum(xi)
answer = norm_x/norm_s
tension2,t2 = vigilance_check(si,answer,norm_x,j)
return tension2,t2
In [98]:
def vigilance_check(inputs,answer,norm_x,j):
if answer > rho:
tension3,t3 = weight_adjust(inputs,norm_x,j)
return tension3,t3
else:
pass
return 0
In [99]:
def weight_adjust(inputs,norm_x,j):
new_bij = [ ( ( alpha * i ) / ( ( alpha - 1 ) + norm_x ) ) for i in inputs ]
temp.T[j] = new_bij
bij = temp
tji[j] = new_bij
print("this is bij = ", bij)
print("this is tji = ", np.array(tji))
tension4 = bij
t4 = tji
flg = stop(old_bij,old_tji,bij,tji)
return tension4,t4

In [100]:
def stop(old_bij,old_tij,bij,tji):
bij=np.array(bij)
tji= np.array(tji)
if(bij.all() == old_bij.all() and tji.all() == old_tji.all()):
flg = 1
else:
pass
In [101]:
epochs = 10000
cnt = 0
for i in range(epochs):
print("this is epoch = ", i )
for j in X:
global_bij,global_tji = buttom_up(j,global_bij)
if( flg == 1):
break
else:
pass
[1. 0. 0. 0.]
[1. 1. 1. 1.]]
[1.0, 0.0, 0.4]
WINNER IS 0
this is bij = [[0. 1. 0.2]
[0. 0. 0.2]
[1. 0. 0.2]
[1. 0. 0.2]]
this is tji = [[0. 0. 1. 1.]
[1. 0. 0. 0.]
[1. 1. 1. 1.]]
[0.0, 1.0, 0.2]
WINNER IS 1
this is bij = [[0. 1. 0.2]
[0. 0. 0.2]
[1. 0. 0.2]
[1. 0. 0.2]]
this is tji = [[0. 0. 1. 1.]
[1. 0. 0. 0.]
[1. 1. 1. 1.]]

In [102]:
def clustering(inputs,global_bij,y):
norm_s = sum(inputs)
norm_x = sum(inputs)
temp2 = np.array(global_bij)
x = np.array(inputs)
y_list=[]
for l in range(len(temp2.T)):
a = (x @ temp2.T[l])
y_list.append(a)
print(y_list)
j = y_list.index(max(y_list))
print('WINNER IS ',j)
y[j].append(inputs)
return y
In [103]:
y = [[],[],[]]
for i in X:
a = clustering(i,global_bij,y)
print(a)
[1.0, 0.0, 0.2]

WINNER IS 0
[[[0, 0, 0, 1]], [], []]
[1.0, 0.0, 0.4]
WINNER IS 0
[[[0, 0, 0, 1], [0, 1, 0, 1]], [], []]
[2.0, 0.0, 0.4]
WINNER IS 0
[[[0, 0, 0, 1], [0, 1, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 1]], [], []]
[0.0, 1.0, 0.2]
WINNER IS 1
[[[0, 0, 0, 1], [0, 1, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 1]], [[1, 0, 0, 0]], []]
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24/05/2023, 17:44 FINAL - Jupyter Notebook

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Sigmoid Activation Function')

localhost:8888/notebooks/Untitled Folder 1/FINAL.ipynb 1/20

x = np.linspace(-10, 10, 100)

Text(0.5, 1.0, 'Derivative of Sigmoid Activation Function')

localhost:8888/notebooks/Untitled Folder 1/FINAL.ipynb 2/20

Aggregation of inputs and weights is:

Enter the number:-45

localhost:8888/notebooks/Untitled Folder 1/FINAL.ipynb 3/20

The number is odd

def aggregation(X, W):

[0.5 0.99330715 0.98201379 0.99987661]

localhost:8888/notebooks/Untitled Folder 1/FINAL.ipynb 4/20

def check(Y, W, X):

value, result = check(Y, W, X_)

(array([0, 1, 1, 1]), array([[-14, -13]]))

from sklearn import preprocessing

/tmp/ipykernel_4407/3241100043.py:2: RuntimeWarning: invalid value

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X1 = np.array([[1, -1, 1, -1]])

def calcWeight(X, Y):

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for_aggri = forward_aggregation(X, weis)

back_aggri = backward_aggregation(Y, weis)

array([[ 2, -2, 2, -2],

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# Step 1: Preprocess the Iris datasetS

# Step 2: Implement the Cosine Similarity FunctionV

# Step 3: Define the Neural Network ArchitectureI

# Forward propagation functionN

# Step 4: Train the Neural NetworkA

# Step 5: Test the Neural NetworkL

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Id SepalLengthCm SepalWidthCm PetalLengthCm PetalWidthCm Species

0 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 Iris-setosa

1 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 Iris-setosa

2 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 Iris-setosa

3 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 Iris-setosa

4 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 Iris-setosa

... ... ... ... ... ... ...

145 146 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 Iris-virginica

146 147 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 Iris-virginica

147 148 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 Iris-virginica

148 149 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 Iris-virginica

149 150 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 Iris-virginica

150 rows × 6 columns

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[4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2]

new_input = np.array([[4.9, 3.1, 1.5, 0.2]])

Class name: setosa

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2023-05-24 17:32:03.712792: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_

(X_train, y_train) , (X_test, y_test) = keras.datasets.mnist.load_data()

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X_train = X_train / 255

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X_train_flattened = X_train.reshape(len(X_train), 28*28)