Node.
js Introduction
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What is Node.js?
Node.js is an open source server environment
Node.js is free
Node.js runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)
Node.js uses JavaScript on the server
Why Node.js?
Node.js uses asynchronous programming!
A common task for a web server can be to open a file on the server and return
the content to the client.
Here is how PHP or ASP handles a file request:
1. Sends the task to the computer's file system.
2. Waits while the file system opens and reads the file.
3. Returns the content to the client.
4. Ready to handle the next request.
Here is how Node.js handles a file request:
1. Sends the task to the computer's file system.
2. Ready to handle the next request.
3. When the file system has opened and read the file, the server returns the
content to the client.
Node.js eliminates the waiting, and simply continues with the next request.
Node.js runs single-threaded, non-blocking, asynchronous programming, which
is very memory efficient.
What Can Node.js Do?
Node.js can generate dynamic page content
Node.js can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
Node.js can collect form data
Node.js can add, delete, modify data in your database
What is a Node.js File?
Node.js files contain tasks that will be executed on certain events
A typical event is someone trying to access a port on the server
Node.js files must be initiated on the server before having any effect
Node.js files have extension ".js"
Node.js Get Started
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Download Node.js
The official Node.js website has installation instructions for
Node.js: https://nodejs.org
Getting Started
Once you have downloaded and installed Node.js on your computer, let's try to
display "Hello World" in a web browser.
Create a Node.js file named "myfirst.js", and add the following code:
myfirst.js
var http = require('http');
http.createServer(function (req, res) {
res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'});
res.end('Hello World!');
}).listen(8080);
Save the file on your computer: C:\Users\Your Name\myfirst.js
The code tells the computer to write "Hello World!" if anyone (e.g. a web
browser) tries to access your computer on port 8080.
For now, you do not have to understand the code. It will be explained later.
Command Line Interface
Node.js files must be initiated in the "Command Line Interface" program of your
computer.
How to open the command line interface on your computer depends on the
operating system. For Windows users, press the start button and look for
"Command Prompt", or simply write "cmd" in the search field.
Navigate to the folder that contains the file "myfirst.js", the command line
interface window should look something like this:
C:\Users\Your Name>_
Initiate the Node.js File
The file you have just created must be initiated by Node.js before any action
can take place.
Start your command line interface, write node myfirst.js and hit enter:
Initiate "myfirst.js":
C:\Users\Your Name>node myfirst.js
Now, your computer works as a server!
If anyone tries to access your computer on port 8080, they will get a "Hello
World!" message in return!
Start your internet browser, and type in the address: http://localhost:8080
