Presentacion Qualit
Presentacion Qualit
Presentacion Qualit
In general, the mark is based on the report’s content and whether you have presented
a report that is within the above criteria. Note that the report’s presentation is as
important as is the clarity of your argument or discussion.
The case follows next page.
Organizational Transformation
CFO Georg Becker looked at his colleague and shook his head. “I don’t think
Dieter is going to see it that way, Horst. Ameriton was our biggest customer. It
represented 35% of MCC’s sales, and we designed the TQM program to meet its
demands. After the layoffs are completed, we’re not going to have the time and
resources to rework a TQM strategy. And I don’t think Dieter will be interested
in anything but a basic top-down way of running the company.”
“But TQM has worked beautifully for the past five years,” said Division Manager
Eva Stichen. “We’ve turned our process-control system at Chem 1 into the best
in the company thanks to TQM. We’re more cost-efficient, product defects are
nearly nonexistent, and our safety record is spotless. Besides, Chem 1 never
supplied Ameriton. Why should we give up a perfectly good system now?”
"Pero TQM ha funcionado maravillosamente durante los últimos cinco años",
afirmó la directora de división Eva Stichen. “Hemos convertido nuestro sistema
de control de procesos en Chem 1 en el mejor de la empresa gracias a TQM.
Somos más rentables, los defectos en los productos son casi inexistentes y
nuestro historial de seguridad es impecable. Además, Chem 1 nunca suministró
a Ameriton. ¿Por qué deberíamos renunciar ahora a un sistema perfectamente
bueno?
“Dieter won’t go halfway on this, Eva,” answered Becker. “Either we keep TQM
or we don’t. You know how adamant he is about a focused corporate culture.”
Dieter Mueller entered the room and sat at the head of the conference table. “As
you know, the Ameriton bankruptcy has been a crushing blow to our business,”
he began. “This is not something we will recover from quickly, but we will
indeed recover. There are other customers to win over, and we will do that in
time. Right now, I want to make sure we can continue to satisfy our present
customers with low cost and high quality. This means tightening our belts and
perhaps developing new processes and controls. You’ve been given the specifics
of the downsizing, and I assume there are no more questions about the layoffs.
Today I want to address only the TQM question.”
As the senior managers pulled out their notes, Mueller turned to the charts
displayed on the front wall outlining long-term productivity and the cost of
quality control. He pointed to the first increment on the time line. “Five years
ago, when my father was chairman, Ameriton demanded we install a total
quality management system in our chemical plants to upgrade the quality of our
products and services. Ameriton consultants helped develop and implement the
plan, and, after a slow start, TQM proved to be well worth the investment.
Employee morale improved dramatically, as did quality and productivity.”
Mientras los altos directivos sacaban sus notas, Mueller recurrió a los gráficos
expuestos en la pared frontal que describían la productividad a largo plazo y el
costo del control de calidad. Señaló el primer incremento en la línea de tiempo.
“Hace cinco años, cuando mi padre era presidente, Ameriton exigió que
instaláramos un sistema de gestión de calidad total en nuestras plantas
químicas para mejorar la calidad de nuestros productos y servicios. Los
consultores de Ameriton ayudaron a desarrollar e implementar el plan y,
después de un comienzo lento, la TQM demostró que la inversión valía la pena.
La moral de los empleados mejoró dramáticamente, al igual que la calidad y la
productividad”.
Mueller pointed farther up the time line. “When I took over two years ago, TQM
was in full swing. The proper measurements were in place, and total quality
management had become part of our company’s culture. MCC continued to
improve, but Ameriton started to falter. Now Ameriton is no longer a customer,
and we find ourselves in a difficult situation. Georg Becker has developed a plan
for replacing TQM with a less employee-driven system. First I’d like him to
explain his reasoning, and then we can discuss the situation. Georg?”
Mueller señaló más arriba en la línea de tiempo. “Cuando asumí el cargo hace
dos años, la gestión de la calidad total estaba en pleno apogeo. Se
implementaron las mediciones adecuadas y la gestión de la calidad total se
había convertido en parte de la cultura de nuestra empresa. MCC siguió
mejorando, pero Ameriton empezó a flaquear. Ahora Ameriton ya no es cliente y
nos encontramos en una situación difícil. Georg Becker ha desarrollado un plan
para sustituir la TQM por un sistema menos impulsado por los empleados.
Primero me gustaría que explicara su razonamiento y luego podremos discutir
la situación. ¿Georg?
“Before Ameriton began buying from MCC, German quality spoke for itself,”
Becker said as he turned a page of his notebook. “Our customers were satisfied
and so were our employees. With TQM, I admit a lot of change for the better
occurred, but the distractions that came with the program have taken us away
from our company’s original goal—to be the chemicals market leader in Europe.
While we spent our time organizing teams, developing measurement systems,
and filling out weekly quality reports, our competitors concentrated on sales and
took away much of the European market share we had planned for ourselves.
The more we tried to please Ameriton, the more we distanced ourselves from
our other customers.
“No doubt, TQM was a great long-term approach to growth,” Becker continued.
“But it didn’t come with a plan for the situation we now find ourselves in.”
TQM didn’t come with a plan for the situation we are in now.
TQM no surgió con un plan para la situación en la que nos encontramos ahora.
“I don’t hear a lot of complaining from DSI or Vonta,” Stichen said sternly.
“Sure, at first we lost some orders from them and other customers. But once we
got TQM established, they came back. The Chem 1 workers took a while to
appreciate the TQM procedures, but I know they don’t want to change now. The
work teams and the pay for performance scheme were brilliant ideas that
worked even better than envisioned. Look at the productivity chart. Those
numbers prove we won’t find a better system than the one we have now.”
“Chem 2 and Chem 3 won’t mind giving it up,” said Paul Hebert, Chem 2
division manager. “Not having to show Ameriton the quarterly cost-of-quality
reports it demanded is a blessing. It’s true that TQM improved our output, but
my people never really appreciated working under Ameriton’s constant watch.
They thought a Japanese system implemented by an American company had no
place in a German factory. And that intercompany, Baldrige-like award they
suggested was scoffed at, especially when the Ameriton orders started drying
up. The last few months, with little to do, the Chem 2 and 3 teams began to tear
each other down. They knew the ax was going to fall, and they tried to position
themselves so it didn’t fall on them.
"No escucho muchas quejas de DSI o Vonta", dijo Stichen con severidad. “Claro,
al principio perdimos algunos pedidos de ellos y de otros clientes. Pero una vez
que establecimos la TQM, regresaron. A los trabajadores de Chem 1 les tomó un
tiempo apreciar los procedimientos de TQM, pero sé que no quieren cambiar
ahora. Los equipos de trabajo y el esquema de pago por desempeño fueron ideas
brillantes que funcionaron incluso mejor de lo previsto. Mire la tabla de
productividad. Esas cifras demuestran que no encontraremos un sistema mejor
que el que tenemos ahora”.
"A Chem 2 y Chem 3 no les importará renunciar", dijo Paul Hebert, director de
la división Chem 2. “No tener que mostrarle a Ameriton los informes
trimestrales de costo de calidad que exigía es una bendición. Es cierto que TQM
mejoró nuestro rendimiento, pero a mi gente nunca le gustó mucho trabajar
bajo la vigilancia constante de Ameriton. Pensaban que un sistema japonés
implementado por una empresa estadounidense no tenía cabida en una fábrica
alemana. Y ese premio intercompañía, tipo Baldrige, que sugirieron fue objeto
de burla, especialmente cuando los pedidos de Ameriton comenzaron a
agotarse. Los últimos meses, con poco que hacer, los equipos de Chem 2 y 3
empezaron a derribarse entre sí. Sabían que el hacha iba a caer y trataron de
posicionarse para que no les cayera encima.
“Unfortunately, the empowerment idea got way out of hand. We gave too much
authority to employees who have now been laid off. I think it’s pretty obvious
that we’re going to have to go back to basics. Top-level managers will now have
to step in to make the decisions the teams used to make. I think that Georg is
right, it’s impossible for us to function under TQM in this kind of environment.”
Stichen cleared her throat. “Maybe losing Ameriton is the best thing that could
have happened to MCC. Our European customers like our quality system, and
now they’ll get even more attention with Ameriton out of the picture. Besides,
Chem 2 and 3 have always had problems with inventory, morale, and
profitability. The performance appraisals for the Chem 1 teams were always
higher than those of the other divisions, and we didn’t need Ameriton’s scrutiny
to make TQM work effectively. Face it, Chem 1 is making MCC money, and
Chem 2 and 3 can no longer do that.”
“Maybe, Paul, you need to rethink the way you manage those divisions before
you blame everything on TQM. We have a chance here to rebuild Chem 2 and 3
around the same customers Chem 1 supplies, using Chem 1 as a model.”
Mueller cut in. “What do you think, Horst? It’s been your program from the
start.”
Koblitz looked around the room. “There is no doubt that our current level of
TQM efforts will be difficult to maintain with these cutbacks. And I understand
the bitterness felt toward Ameriton by the remaining Chem 2 and 3 workers.
I’ve heard them say, ‘If TQM is so great, why didn’t Ameriton practice it itself?’
But many of those grumbling were doing so because they thought they were
going to lose their jobs. Remember, they might not have liked the reporting that
came with it, but these workers were all for TQM when the chemical plants were
going full speed.
“Tal vez, Paul, necesites repensar la forma en que gestionas esas divisiones
antes de echarle la culpa de todo a la TQM. Aquí tenemos la oportunidad de
reconstruir Chem 2 y 3 alrededor de los mismos clientes que suministra Chem 1,
utilizando Chem 1 como modelo”.
Koblitz miró alrededor de la habitación. “No hay duda de que nuestro nivel
actual de esfuerzos de GCT será difícil de mantener con estos recortes. Y
entiendo el resentimiento que sienten hacia Ameriton los trabajadores restantes
de Chem 2 y 3. Les he oído decir: “Si la TQM es tan buena, ¿por qué Ameriton
no la puso en práctica?” Pero muchos de los que se quejaban lo hacían porque
pensaban que iban a perder sus empleos. Recuerde, puede que no les hayan
gustado los informes que los acompañaban, pero todos estos trabajadores
estaban a favor de la TQM cuando las plantas químicas funcionaban a toda
velocidad.
“Our TQM program isn’t why Ameriton went under. Ameriton did that all by
itself. You know that, and so do our shareholders. I believe installing a radically
new program at MCC during the restructuring could be catastrophic. We can’t
let our customers or our shareholders think we are panicking over this loss. We
just need to meet the needs of the European market and retool TQM for our
smaller organization.”
“I’m not so sure the European customers will stick with us that long,” Becker
said. “Bringing costs down with our reduced output is not going to be easy.
They’ve left us before, and there are plenty of other suppliers out there for them
to turn to.
"No estoy tan seguro de que los clientes europeos sigan con nosotros por tanto
tiempo", dijo Becker. “Reducir los costos con nuestra reducción de producción
no será fácil. Nos dejaron antes y hay muchos otros proveedores a los que
recurrir.
“You say TQM empowers employees,” Becker continued. “But, Horst, you don’t
understand the cost of managing that empowerment. We’ll have to create new
teams, which will mean some retraining, while at the same time assuring
employees that they won’t be laid off further down the road. I agree that TQM
didn’t fail, Ameriton did. But getting the remaining workers to believe that
might prove impossible.
"Usted dice que la TQM empodera a los empleados", continuó Becker. “Pero,
Horst, no comprendes el costo de gestionar ese empoderamiento. Tendremos
que crear nuevos equipos, lo que significará algo de reentrenamiento y, al
mismo tiempo, garantizar a los empleados que no serán despedidos en el futuro.
Estoy de acuerdo en que la TQM no falló, sino Ameriton. Pero lograr que los
trabajadores restantes crean eso podría resultar imposible.
“I’m sorry, Horst,” Becker said. “We just don’t have time for fine-tuning.
Besides, Ameriton installed our TQM program. Who here has the experience to
make it work in a smaller organization? You? No, we’d have to bring in
someone, and we’re in no position to hire.”
“That’s a good point, Georg,” Mueller said as he stood up from the table. “You’ve
all made good points. This is obviously going to take further discussion. I’m
going to meet with the board later this afternoon to go over the cutbacks and
what we’ve discussed here. Let’s meet again at six this evening to go over the
reorganization, and then we’ll decide if TQM will be part of it.”
"Lo siento, Horst", dijo Becker. “Simplemente no tenemos tiempo para realizar
ajustes. Además, Ameriton instaló nuestro programa TQM. ¿Quién aquí tiene la
experiencia para hacerlo funcionar en una organización más pequeña? ¿Tú? No,
tendríamos que contratar a alguien y no estamos en condiciones de contratarlo”.
A version of this article appeared in the May–June 1993 issue of Harvard Business Review.
Daniel Niven is case production supervisor for the Harvard Business School Publishing
Corporation. His previous article for HBR, “The Case of the Hidden Harassment,” appeared
in March–April 1992.